Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark Each)
1. Which of the following is a chemical change?
o (a) Melting of ice
o (b) Dissolving salt in water
o (c) Rusting of iron
o (d) Liquefaction of air
2. The chemical formula of magnesium oxide is:
o (a) $\text{MgO}_2$
o (b) $\text{MgO}$
o (c) $\text{Mg}_2\text{O}$
o (d) $\text{Mg(OH)}_2$
3. When carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water, it turns milky due to the formation
of:
o (a) Calcium oxide
o (b) Calcium bicarbonate
o (c) Calcium carbonate
o (d) Calcium hydroxide
4. $\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3 + 2\text{Al} \rightarrow \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 + 2\text{Fe}$ — The
above reaction is an example of a:
o (a) Combination reaction
o (b) Double displacement reaction
o (c) Decomposition reaction
o (d) Displacement reaction
5. What happens chemically when quicklime is added to water?
o (a) It absorbs all heat
o (b) Slaked lime is formed with a loud hissing sound and evolution of heat
o (c) Calcium metal is precipitated
o (d) Nitrogen gas is evolved
6. Which of the following is an endothermic process?
o (a) Dilution of sulfuric acid
o (b) Sublimation of dry ice
o (c) Condensation of water vapors
o (d) Respiration in living cells
7. Chemically, rust is:
o (a) Hydrated ferrous oxide
o (b) Only ferric oxide
o (c) Hydrated ferric oxide
o (d) None of these
8. Which of the following gases can be used for the storage of fresh samples of an oil for a long
time?
o (a) Carbon dioxide or oxygen
o (b) Nitrogen or oxygen
o (c) Helium or nitrogen
o (d) Chlorine or helium
9. $\text{CuO} + \text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{Cu} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$ — In this reaction, the
reducing agent is:
o (a) $\text{CuO}$
o (b) $\text{H}_2$
o (c) $\text{Cu}$
o (d) $\text{H}_2\text{O}$
10. Silver chloride turns grey in sunlight because of:
o (a) Decomposition of silver chloride into silver and chlorine
o (b) Sublimation of silver chloride
o (c) Oxidation of silver chloride
o (d) Reduction of chlorine gas
11. The reaction between lead nitrate and potassium iodide is an example of a:
o (a) Combination reaction
o (b) Decomposition reaction
o (c) Displacement reaction
o (d) Double displacement reaction
12. Barium chloride on reacting with ammonium sulfate forms barium sulfate and ammonium
chloride. This reaction is:
o (a) A displacement reaction
o (b) A precipitation reaction
o (c) A combination reaction
o (d) Both (a) and (b)
13. Electrolysis of water is a decomposition reaction. The mole ratio of hydrogen and oxygen
gases liberated during electrolysis of water is:
o (a) $1:1$
o (b) $2:1$
o (c) $4:1$
o (d) $1:2$
14. Which of the following is a reducing agent in: $3\text{MnO}_2 + 4\text{Al} \rightarrow 3\
text{Mn} + 2\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$?
o (a) $\text{MnO}_2$
o (b) $\text{Al}$
o (c) $\text{Mn}$
o (d) $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$
15. When sulfur dioxide gas is passed through acidified potassium dichromate solution, the color
changes from:
o (a) Orange to green
o (b) Green to orange
o (c) Colorless to pink
o (d) Blue to green
16. The condition produced by aerial oxidation of fats and oils in foods marked by unpleasant
smell and taste is called:
o (a) Antioxidation
o (b) Reduction
o (c) Rancidity
o (d) Corrosion
17. Burning of methane gas is a/an:
o (a) Endothermic reaction
o (b) Exothermic reaction
o (c) Decomposition reaction
o (d) None of the above
18. Lead acetate solution is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. The precipitate formed is:
o (a) White
o (b) Yellow
o (c) Black
o (d) Red
19. Which metal does not corrode easily in moist air?
o (a) Iron
o (b) Copper
o (c) Gold
o (d) Silver
20. In the equation: $x\text{KCIO}_3 \xrightarrow{\Delta} y\text{KCI} + z\text{O}_2$, the values
of $x$, $y$, and $z$ are:
o (a) 2, 2, 3
o (b) 1, 1, 2
o (c) 3, 3, 2
o (d) 2, 3, 2
II. Assertion-Reasoning Questions (1 Mark Each)
Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason (R). Choose the correct option:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
21. Assertion (A): Magnesium ribbon burns with a dazzling white flame.
Reason (R): Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
22. Assertion (A): Burning of a candle is a physical change.
Reason (R): Wax melts on heating and solidifies on cooling.
23. Assertion (A): Respiration is considered an exothermic reaction.
Reason (R): Energy is released during the breakdown of glucose in cells.
24. Assertion (A): When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give calcium oxide and
carbon dioxide.
Reason (R): Thermal decomposition reactions require heat energy to break bonds.
25. Assertion (A): The reaction $\text{Fe} + \text{CuSO}_4 \rightarrow \text{FeSO}_4 + \text{Cu}
$ is a displacement reaction.
Reason (R): Iron is less reactive than copper.
26. Assertion (A): White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight.
Reason (R): Silver chloride undergoes decomposition due to light energy.
27. Assertion (A): Corrosion of copper forms a green coating on its surface.
Reason (R): The green substance is basic copper carbonate.
28. Assertion (A): Nitrogen gas is used to preserve chips and oily snacks.
Reason (R): Nitrogen is a highly reactive gas that kills microbes.
29. Assertion (A): All combination reactions are exothermic.
Reason (R): In combination reactions, a single product is formed from two or more reactants.
30. Assertion (A): Balancing of a chemical equation is based on the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Reason (R): Total mass of reactants must equal the total mass of products.
III. Very Short Answer Questions (1 & 2 Marks)
31. Define a chemical reaction.
32. Why do we clean a magnesium ribbon with sandpaper before burning it in air?
33. Write a balanced chemical equation for the burning of magnesium ribbon in oxygen.
34. State two observations that indicate a chemical reaction has taken place.
35. What is a balanced chemical equation?
36. Why should chemical equations be balanced? Which law governs this?
37. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of iron with steam.
38. What is a skeletal chemical equation? Give an example.
39. Write the chemical formula of slaked lime and quicklime.
40. Why does lime water turn milky when carbon dioxide gas is passed through it for a short
duration?
41. What happens when excess carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water? Write the
equation.
42. Define a combination reaction.
43. Give one example of a combination reaction which is also exothermic.
44. Define a decomposition reaction.
45. Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of combination reactions?
46. What is thermal decomposition? Give one example.
47. What is photolytic decomposition? Give one example.
48. What is electrolytic decomposition? Give one example.
49. Write the chemical equation for the heating of ferrous sulfate crystals.
50. What is the characteristic color change observed when green ferrous sulfate crystals are
heated?
51. Name the gases evolved when lead nitrate crystals are heated strongly.
52. What is the color of the residue left behind after heating lead nitrate? Name the residue.
53. Why are silver chloride and silver bromide stored in dark brown bottles?
54. Define a displacement reaction.
55. What happens when an iron nail is dipped in a copper sulfate solution?
56. Why does the blue color of copper sulfate solution fade when a zinc strip is dipped into it?
57. Can a reaction take place when a copper wire is dipped into a zinc sulfate solution? Why or
why not?
58. Define a double displacement reaction.
59. What is a precipitation reaction? Give an example.
60. Name the precipitate formed when sodium sulfate reacts with barium chloride. What is its
color?
61. Define oxidation in terms of gain or loss of oxygen and hydrogen.
62. Define reduction in terms of gain or loss of oxygen and hydrogen.
63. What is a redox reaction?
64. Identify the substance oxidized and reduced in: $\text{H}_2\text{S} + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow
2\text{HCl} + \text{S}$.
65. Define an oxidizing agent.
66. Define a reducing agent.
67. What is corrosion?
68. Name the black coating formed on silver objects when exposed to air.
69. What is rancidity?
70. Name two methods used to prevent rancidity.
IV. Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks Each)
71. Explain what happens during the slaking of lime. Write the chemical equation and identify its
type.
72. A substance 'X' is used for whitewashing walls.
o (a) Identify 'X' and write its chemical formula.
o (b) Write its reaction with water.
o (c) Why do walls start shining after 2-3 days of whitewashing?
73. Balance the following chemical equations:
o (a) $\text{HNO}_3 + \text{Ca(OH)}_2 \rightarrow \text{Ca(NO}_3)_2 + \text{H}_2\
text{O}$
o (b) $\text{NaOH} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4 + \
text{H}_2\text{O}$
o (c) $\text{BaCl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{BaSO}_4 + \text{HCl}$
74. Classify the following reactions into combination, decomposition, displacement, or double
displacement:
o (a) $2\text{KClO}_3 \rightarrow 2\text{KCl} + 3\text{O}_2$
o (b) $\text{CaO} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{Ca(OH)}_2$
o (c) $\text{Fe} + \text{CuSO}_4 \rightarrow \text{FeSO}_4 + \text{Cu}$
75. Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions, including physical state
symbols:
o (a) Ethanol burns in air to form carbon dioxide, water, and releases heat.
o (b) Zinc oxide reacts with carbon to form zinc metal and carbon monoxide.
76. Differentiate between displacement and double displacement reactions with one balanced
equation for each.
77. Describe an activity to demonstrate the electrolysis of water. Write the balanced chemical
equation for the reaction.
78. What are antioxidants? Why are they added to fat-containing food items? Give two
examples.
79. Explain why respiration is considered an exothermic reaction while photosynthesis is
considered an endothermic reaction.
80. When potassium iodide solution is added to lead nitrate solution in a test tube, a precipitate
is formed.
o (a) State the color of the precipitate.
o (b) Name the compound precipitated.
o (c) Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
81. Why do iron grills get corroded easily? What is the chemical nature of rust, and how can
rusting be prevented?
82. What is observed when a piece of:
o (a) Zinc is added to copper sulfate solution?
o (b) Copper is added to iron sulfate solution?
o (c) Silver is added to copper sulfate solution?
83. Give three distinct differences between a physical change and a chemical change.
84. Explain the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction. Does it alter the products formed? Give
an example.
85. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that takes place when lead nitrate is
heated. State the observations clearly.
V. Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks Each)
86. (a) Explain the hit-and-trial method of balancing chemical equations using the reaction: $\
text{Fe} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{Fe}_3\text{O}_4 + \text{H}_2$ step-by-step.
(b) Why is it essential to write physical states in a chemical equation? Explain with an example.
87. Define and explain the following types of reactions with two balanced chemical equations for
each:
o (a) Thermal decomposition reaction
o (b) Double displacement precipitation reaction
88. (a) What is a redox reaction? Explain with a suitable example.
(b) In the following reaction, identify the substance oxidized, substance reduced, oxidizing agent, and
reducing agent:
$$\text{MnO}_2 + 4\text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{MnCl}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{Cl}_2$$
89. A metal nitrate 'A' on heating decomposes to give a reddish-brown gas 'B' and a yellow
residue 'C'. When an aqueous solution of 'A' is reacted with potassium iodide, a yellow
precipitate 'D' is formed.
o (a) Identify A, B, C, and D.
o (b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of 'A'.
o (c) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of 'A' with potassium
iodide.
90. (a) What is corrosion? What are the conditions necessary for the corrosion of iron?
(b) How does corrosion differ from rancidity?
(c) Explain the process of galvanization as a preventive measure against corrosion.
91. State the observations and write balanced chemical equations for the following:
o (a) Sodium sheet dropped in cold water.
o (b) Heating of copper powder in the open air.
o (c) Passing hydrogen gas over heated copper oxide.
o (d) Mixing sodium sulfate solution with barium chloride solution.
o (e) Burning of sulfur powder in air.
VI. Case-Based / Passage-Based Questions (4 Marks Each)
Case 1: The Reactivity Series and Metal Displacement
A student performs an experiment to study the relative reactivity of metals. Four metals—A, B, C,
and D—were added to the following solutions one by one. The observations recorded are given in
the table below:
Metal Iron(II) Sulfate Copper(II) Sulfate Zinc Sulfate Silver Nitrate
A No reaction Displacement — —
B Displacement — No reaction —
C No reaction No reaction No reaction Displacement
D No reaction No reaction No reaction No reaction
92. Which is the most reactive metal among A, B, C, and D? Why? (1 Mark)
93. What would you observe if metal B is added to a solution of Copper(II) sulfate? (1 Mark)
94. Arrange the metals A, B, C, and D in the order of decreasing reactivity. (2 Marks)
Case 2: Decomposition Reactions in Laboratory
Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat, light, or electricity for breaking
down the reactants. A student sets up an apparatus where green-colored crystals of a salt 'X' are
heated in a dry boiling tube. Initially, water droplets are observed on the cooler parts of the tube,
and then a gas with a suffocating smell of burning sulfur is evolved, while the residue turns brown.
95. Identify the salt 'X' and write its chemical formula. (1 Mark)
96. Name the two gases evolved during this decomposition process. (1 Mark)
97. Write the complete, balanced chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of salt 'X'. (2
Marks)
VII. Exemplar & High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions
98. Why do we apply paint on iron articles? Explain the chemical mechanism that paint
interrupts. (2 Marks)
99. A shiny brown colored element 'X' on heating in air becomes black in color. Name the
element 'X' and the black colored compound formed. Write the balanced chemical equation
for the reaction. (3 Marks)
100. Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes in the electrolysis of
water double the amount collected in the other? Name these gases and state their
respective electrodes. (3 Marks)
101. An organic compound 'M' present in green plants undergoes breakdown in the
presence of oxygen inside human body cells to release energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
* (a) Identify the compound 'M' and the biological process.
* (b) Write the balanced chemical equation for this process.
* (c) Why is this reaction classified as an exothermic process? (5 Marks)