NumPy Complete Notes (Beginner to Intermediate)
What is NumPy?
NumPy (Numerical Python) Python ki ek powerful library hai jo arrays aur
numerical calculations ke liye use hoti hai.
Import NumPy
import numpy as np
Why NumPy?
Fast calculations
Less memory usage
Multi-dimensional arrays support
Mathematical operations easy ho jati hain
Data Science, AI, ML mein extensively use hota hai
1. Creating Arrays
[Link]()
Array create karne ke liye use hota hai.
1D Array Example
import numpy as np
arr = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40])
print(arr)
2D Array Example
arr = [Link]([
[1, 2],
[3, 4]
])
print(arr)
[Link]()
Sab elements 0 create karta hai.
arr = [Link]((2,3))
print(arr)
[Link]()
Sab elements 1 create karta hai.
arr = [Link]((2,2))
print(arr)
[Link]()
Same value se array fill karta hai.
arr = [Link]((2,2),5)
print(arr)
[Link]()
Range create karta hai.
arr = [Link](1,11)
print(arr)
[Link]()
Equal intervals create karta hai.
arr = [Link](0,10,5)
print(arr)
2. Array Indexing
Indexing kisi specific element ko access karne ke liye use hoti hai.
First Element Access
arr = [Link]([10,20,30,40])
print(arr[0])
Last Element Access
print(arr[-1])
2D Indexing
arr = [Link]([
[1,2],
[3,4]
])
print(arr[1,1])
Important Points
Positive Index → Left se start hota hai.
Negative Index → Right se start hota hai.
2D Array mein row,column format use hota hai.
3. Array Slicing
Array ka kuch part access karne ke liye use hoti hai.
Syntax
array[start:stop:step]
Example
arr = [Link]([10,20,30,40,50])
print(arr[1:4])
Every Second Element
print(arr[::2])
Important Points
start → Kahan se start karna hai
stop → Kahan tak jana hai
step → Kitne gap se move karna hai
4. Data Types
Data Type array ke elements ka type batata hai.
Check Data Type
arr = [Link]([1,2,3])
print([Link])
Change Data Type
arr = [Link]([1,2,3])
new_arr = [Link](float)
print(new_arr)
Common Data Types
Typ
Meaning
e
int Integer
floa Decimal
t Number
Typ
Meaning
e
boo
True/False
l
str String
Important Methods
[Link]
[Link]()
5. Array Shape
Shape array ke rows aur columns ki information deta hai.
Example
arr = [Link]([
[1,2,3],
[4,5,6]
])
print([Link])
Output:
(2,3)
Meaning
2 Rows
3 Columns
Important Method
[Link]
6. Array Reshape
Reshape array ki shape change karta hai.
reshape() Example
arr = [Link]([1,2,3,4,5,6])
new_arr = [Link](2,3)
print(new_arr)
flatten() Example
2D array ko 1D array mein convert karta hai.
arr = [Link]([
[1,2],
[3,4]
])
print([Link]())
Important Methods
reshape()
flatten()
7. Mathematical Operations
a = [Link]([1,2,3])
b = [Link]([4,5,6])
Addition
print(a+b)
Subtraction
print(a-b)
Multiplication
print(a*b)
Division
print(a/b)
Power
print(a**2)
Important Point
NumPy mein operations element-wise perform hote hain.
Important Mathematical Functions
Sum
[Link](arr)
Mean
[Link](arr)
Maximum
[Link](arr)
Minimum
[Link](arr)
Square Root
[Link](arr)
Most Used Functions
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()
8. Broadcasting
Broadcasting different shapes ke arrays ko automatically compatible bana
kar operation perform karne ki technique hai.
Example 1
arr = [Link]([1,2,3])
print(arr + 5)
Example 2
arr = [Link]([1,2,3])
print(arr * 10)
Important Point
Ek single value automatically array ke har element par apply ho jati hai.
9. Matrix Multiplication
Rows aur Columns ko multiply karke new matrix banayi jati hai.
Using @ Operator
A = [Link]([
[1,2],
[3,4]
])
B = [Link]([
[5,6],
[7,8]
])
result = A @ B
print(result)
Using [Link]()
result = [Link](A,B)
print(result)
Important Rule
A ke Columns = B ki Rows
Example:
(2×3) × (3×2)
Valid Multiplication
Important Methods
A@B
[Link]()
10. Dot Product
Corresponding elements ko multiply karke unka sum nikalta hai.
Example 1
a = [Link]([1,2,3])
b = [Link]([4,5,6])
print([Link](a,b))
Calculation
(1×4) + (2×5) + (3×6)
= 32
Example 2
marks = [Link]([80,90,70])
weights = [Link]([0.3,0.4,0.3])
print([Link](marks,weights))
Important Method
[Link]()
11. Linear Algebra Functions
Determinant
A = [Link]([
[1,2],
[3,4]
])
print([Link](A))
Why linalg?
linalg = Linear Algebra Module
Determinant NumPy ka normal function nahi hai, isliye:
[Link]()
use karte hain.
Inverse Matrix
[Link](A)
Work
Matrix ka inverse nikalta hai.
Transpose Matrix
A.T
Work
Rows ko columns aur columns ko rows mein convert karta hai.
Frequently Used NumPy Methods
Method Work
[Link]() Array Create
[Link]() All Zeros
[Link]() All Ones
[Link]() Same Value Fill
[Link](
Range Create
)
[Link]
Equal Intervals
()
[Link] Shape Check
[Link]
Shape Change
()
[Link](
Convert to 1D
)
[Link] Data Type Check
[Link]( Change Data
) Type
[Link]() Sum
[Link]() Average
[Link]() Maximum
[Link]() Minimum
[Link]() Square Root
[Link]() Dot Product
Method Work
[Link] Matrix
() Multiplication
Matrix
A@B
Multiplication
[Link].d
Determinant
et()
[Link]
Inverse Matrix
v()
A.T Transpose Matrix
Viva Revision (One Line)
NumPy → Numerical Python Library.
Array → Same type data ka collection.
Indexing → Single element access.
Slicing → Array ka part access.
dtype → Data type batata hai.
shape → Rows aur columns batata hai.
reshape() → Shape change karta hai.
flatten() → 2D ko 1D banata hai.
Broadcasting → Different shapes par operation allow karta hai.
Dot Product → Multiply + Sum.
Matrix Multiplication → Row × Column multiplication.
[Link]() → Determinant nikalta hai.
[Link]() → Inverse matrix nikalta hai.