04/03/2018
University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar
CE-117: Engineering Mechanics
MODULE 3:
Resultant of 2 and more Concurrent forces
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Javed & Engr. Mudassir Iqbal
mjaved@[Link] mudassiriqbal@[Link]
1
Lecture Objectives
• To show how to add forces and resolve
them into components using the
Parallelogram Law.
• How to resolve a force into rectangular
components using Cartesian coordinates
• To determine the resultant of more than 2
concurrent forces using Cartesian
components.
1
04/03/2018
Resultant of 2 Concurrent forces
Resultant R of F1 and F2 using
Parallelogram law of forces.
This is known as the Parallelogram law for the addition of two forces.
This law is based on experimental evidence; it can not be proved or
derived mathematically.
Resultant of 2 Concurrent forces
Resultant R same forces using Triangle Law of forces.
Note: we need to move the line of action of one of the forces
2
04/03/2018
Resultant of 2 Concurrent forces
Alternate method of finding resultant: Using this method we lose the correct line of
action, because R obtained in this way does not pass through A.
This type of combination should be avoided
Problem 3.1
Solve the problem using parallelogram law forces
Ans:
P = 2.15 kN, T = 3.2 kN
3
04/03/2018
Home Assignment 3.1
1. The two structural members, one of which is in tension and the other
in compression, exert the indicated forces on joint O. Using Parallelogram
law of forces, determine the magnitude of the resultant R of the two
[Link] determine the angle which R makes with the positive x-axis.
Ans: R =3.61 kN, θx =206o
Home Assignment 3.1
2. The screw eye in Figure is subjected to two
forces, F1 and F2 .Determine the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force using both
Parallelogram law and adding Cartesian
components
Answer: FR = 212.6 N θx=54.8 ◦
3.
Section B: 1 and 3
Section D: 1 and 2
4
04/03/2018
Resultant of more than 2 Concurrent forces by
parallelogram law
Resolution of a Force
“Resolution” of a Force is breaking up a force into components.
It is kind of like using the parallelogram law in reverse.
5
04/03/2018
Problem 3.2
Home Assignment 3.2
1. Resolve the horizontal 600-lb force in
Figure into components acting along the u and
v axes and determine the magnitudes of these
components
Answer: Fu = 1039 lb, Fv = 600 lb
2
Ans: Fu= 386 lb, Fv= 283 lb
Section B: 2
Section D: 1
6
04/03/2018
Resolving a force into R e c t a n g u l a r C o m p o n e n t s
Sign Covention for R e c t a n g u l a r C o m p o n e n t s
+y
+x +y
+y
+x +x
7
04/03/2018
Sign Covention for R e c t a n g u l a r C o m p o n e n t s
Note: When both a force and its vector components appear in a diagram, it
is desirable to show the vector components of the force with dashed
lines, as in Fig. 2/5, and show the force with a solid line, or vice versa
Problem 3.3
Ans:
Fx = -752 lb, Fy = 274 lb
Fn = -514 lb, Ft = -613 lb
8
04/03/2018
Home Assignment 3.3
1. The line of action of the 9.6-kN force F runs
through the points A and B as shown in the figure.
Express F in term of unit vectors
Ans: F= 3990 i+2660 j
Ans: Ft= 1286 N, Fn= 1532 N
RESULTANT OF FORCES USING CARTESIAN
COMPONENTS
Step 1 is to resolve each force
into its components
Step 2 is to add all the x
components together and add all
the y components together.
These two totals become the
resultant vector.
Step 3 is to find the magnitude
and angle of the resultant vector.
9
04/03/2018
RESULTANT OF FORCES USING CARTESIAN
COMPONENTS
Problem 3.4
Answer: F = 512 lb up to the right,; θx=55.2 ◦
10
04/03/2018
Home Assignment 3.4
Answer: F = 275 N ; θ= 29.1 ◦
Home Assignment 3.4
Section B: 1 and 3
Section D: 1 and 2
11