1. Seeds must be carried away from the parent plant to avoid competition for light, water, and space.

Look at
the seed types below and match them to their most likely method of seed dispersal:
o A seed covered in sharp, hooked burrs: _________________
o A light seed with soft, fluffy wings: _________________

Answer: Hooked burrs = Animal dispersal (sticking to fur); Fluffy wings = Wind dispersal.

2. Human teeth have different shapes to perform different jobs when breaking down food.

(a) Which type of tooth is sharp and flat for cutting and biting food? _________________

(b) Which type of tooth is broad and flat for grinding and crushing food? _________________

Answer: (a) Incisor (b) Molar (or premolar).

3. Some changes to materials are reversible, meaning the material can be changed back to its original form,
while other changes are irreversible. Tick (V) to show whether each change is reversible or irreversible.
Change Reversible Irreversible

Baking a cake mixture

Melting an ice cube

Burning a piece of wood

Dissolving sugar in water

4. Answer:
o Baking a cake: Irreversible [ V ]
o Melting an ice cube: Reversible [ V ]
o Burning wood: Irreversible [ V ]
o Dissolving sugar: Reversible [ V ] (by evaporation)
5. A scientist heats a beaker filled with a clear blue copper sulfate solution over a Bunsen burner. After several
minutes, all the water turns into steam and disappears, leaving dry blue crystals behind in the dish.

(a) What name is given to the container used to heat liquids until they turn to gas? _________________

(b) What process caused the liquid water to escape into the air? _________________

Answer: (a) Evaporating basin (or evaporating dish) (b) Evaporation.

6. A box is pulled across a table surface from left to right. Draw an arrow on the diagram below or describe the
direction in which the force of friction is acting.

[ Pulling Force ---> ] [ Box ]

Direction of Friction: _________________

Answer: To the left (opposite direction to the movement).

7. A student uses a force meter to lift a toy car. The spring inside the meter stretches. What unit of
measurement is shown on a standard force meter scale?

Answer: Newtons (N).

8. The Sun appears to rise in the eastern sky in the morning, move across the sky during the middle of the day,
and set in the western sky in the evening. Explain why the Sun appears to move across our sky every day.

Answer: Because the Earth is spinning on its axis (the Sun stays still, it is our movement that makes it
look like it moves).

9. An object is placed in front of a light source, casting a shadow on a white screen. If you move the light
source closer to the object, what happens to the size of the shadow?

[ ] The shadow becomes smaller.

[ ] The shadow becomes larger.

[ ] The shadow stays exactly the same size.

Answer: The shadow becomes larger. [ V ]

10. Look at the line graph below tracking the temperature of a liquid as it cools down over time:

Temperature (°C)

100 |

80 |

60 | _______

40 |

0 -------------------

0 5 10 15 20 Time (minutes)

Identify the temperature at which the liquid stops cooling down and stays constant between 10 and 20
minutes.

_________ °C

Answer: 60°C.

11. A textbook contains a fact wheel about how plants grow. Explain why using models, diagrams, and charts is
helpful to scientists when studying systems like the planets or the human body.

Answer: Models and diagrams make it easier to understand systems that are too large, too small, or
too complex to see directly.
1. Animals that eat only plants have different digestive adaptations compared to animals that eat only meat.

(a) What name is given to an animal that eats only plants? _________________

(b) What name is given to an animal that eats only meat? _________________

Answer: (a) Herbivore (b) Carnivore.

2. Human beings need a skeleton made of hard bones inside their bodies. State two vital functions that our
skeleton provides for us.
1.
2.

Answer: Accept any two from: protection of internal organs, support for the body shape, or allowing
movement (working with muscles).

3. Lucas drops a steel paperclip into a glass beaker filled with water. He wants to remove the paperclip without
wetting his hands or pouring out the liquid. Explain how he can use a bar magnet to achieve this.

Answer: Hold the magnet against the outside of the glass beaker and slide it upwards; the magnetic
paperclip will follow the magnet up the wall.

4. Complete the sentences below using the correct words from the box.

[ solute | solvent | solution | insoluble ]

o When sugar dissolves completely in water, the solid sugar is called the ______________.
o The liquid water that does the dissolving is called the ______________.
o The final clear mixture of both combined is called the ______________.

Answer: solute; solvent; solution.

5. A car is driving down a road. The engine force pushes the car forward. Air resistance and friction push
backward on the car. If the forward engine force is greater than the backward resistive forces combined,
what happens to the motion of the car?

[ ] The car slows down.

[ ] The car speeds up (accelerates).

[ ] The car travels at a constant speed.

Answer: The car speeds up (accelerates). [ V ]

6. Imagine you are standing on a weighing scale on Earth, and your weight is recorded as 400 Newtons. If you
traveled to the Moon, where gravity is much weaker, describe what would happen to your mass and your
weight.

Your mass would: _________________

Your weight would: _________________

 Answer: Your mass would stay the same; Your weight would decrease (become less).

7. How many days does it take for the Earth to complete one full orbit around the Sun?

_________ days

Answer: 365 days (accept 365 and a quarter days).

8. Some materials let light pass through them cleanly so you can see objects on the other side clearly. Other
materials block all light or scatter it. Match the material behavior to the correct description word:
o Clear window glass: _________________
o Frosted bathroom glass: _________________
o A thick wooden door: _________________

Answer: Clear glass = transparent; Frosted glass = translucent; Wooden door = opaque.

9. A student performs a test to compare how waterproof three different fabrics are. They pour 50 mL of water
onto each fabric stretched over a cup and measure how much water leaks through. Identify one variable that
must be altered on purpose, and one variable that must be kept identical.

Variable to change on purpose: _____________________________________

Variable to keep identical: _____________________________________

Answer: Variable to change = Type of fabric; Variable to keep identical = Amount of water poured
(or thickness of fabric / size of funnel).

10. A line graph tracking a plant's growth over 5 weeks shows a steep upward line for the first 3 weeks, and then
the line becomes completely flat. Write down a sensible scientific conclusion based on this pattern.

Answer: The plant grew rapidly during the first 3 weeks and then stopped growing completely.

1. A plant requires specific resources from its environment to undergo healthy seed germination and growth.
Tick (V) the three factors that are absolutely essential for a seed to germinate successfully.

[ ] Oxygen from the air

[ ] Soil fertilizers

[ ] Water

[ ] Warmth

[ ] Insects

Answer: Oxygen [ V ], Water [ V ], Warmth [ V ] (Light and soil are not strictly required for the
initial stage of germination itself).

2. Muscles are attached to our bones to help us move our limbs. Explain why muscles always work in pairs
(antagonistic pairs) across a joint to move a bone back and forth.
 Answer: Muscles can only pull when they contract; they cannot push themselves back out to extend, so
a second muscle is needed to pull the bone back.

3. Solid substances like copper sulfate powder can dissolve in water. State two changes you can make to the
environment to make a solid substance dissolve much faster in a beaker of water.
1.
2.

Answer: Accept any two from: heat the water (increase temperature), stir/agitate the mixture, or
crush the solid into smaller pieces (increase surface area).

4. A student accidentally drops a mixture of iron filings and sand particles onto a tray. Describe the easiest
method to separate the iron filings from the sand grains without using water or filters.

Answer: Pass a magnet over the mixture; the iron filings are magnetic and will stick to the magnet,
leaving the non-magnetic sand behind.

5. A plastic ball floats stationary on the surface of a pond. A normal upward force from the water holds it up.
Name the specific scientific term for this upward force acting on floating objects.

Answer: Upthrust (or buoyancy force).

6. Two teams are playing tug-of-war. Team A pulls the rope to the left with a force of 600 Newtons. Team B
pulls the rope to the right with a force of 600 Newtons.

(a) What is the net resultant force acting on the rope? _________ Newtons

(b) Describe the movement of the rope: _________________

Answer: (a) 0 Newtons (600 - 600) (b) The rope does not move (it stays completely stationary because
forces are balanced).

7. Look at the diagram below showing the Earth orbiting the Sun with its axis tilted:
8. \ Earth
9. O
10. /
11. _---_
12. / \
13. | S |
14. \_____/
15. \ Earth
16. O
17. /

Explain why different parts of the Earth experience different seasons (Summer, Autumn, Winter, Spring)
throughout the year.

Answer: Seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis as it orbits around the Sun (the hemisphere
tilted towards the Sun gets more direct sunlight and experiences summer).

18. A child stands in front of a bright lamp and looks at the shadow cast on the opposite wall. If the child takes
three steps away from the lamp towards the wall, describe what happens to the appearance of their shadow.
 Answer: The shadow becomes smaller and sharper/clearer.

19. While conducting an experiment measuring the force required to pull an object across a table, a student
records one reading that is 15 Newtons, while all other readings are between 3 Newtons and 4 Newtons.
What is the correct scientific term for this unusual, unexpected piece of data?

Answer: An anomalous result (or an anomaly / outlier).

20. Read the scenario: "Mike lives in a city next to a large nature reserve where giraffes live freely. His friend
Oliver lives in a city in a cold Arctic climate where no giraffes can survive outside."

Mike says, "The likelihood that I will see a giraffe tomorrow is almost certain."

Oliver says, "The likelihood that I will see a giraffe tomorrow is almost impossible."

Explain why both boys are completely correct despite giving opposite answers.

Answer: They live in entirely different geographic environments and climates, which changes the
probability of seeing that animal.