●​ Early Fanuc lathe cycles.

●​ Used for:
Stock Removal on Lathes ○​ Turning
○​ Boring
●​ Removal of excessive stock is
○​ Simple threading
called:
○​ Rough Turning
Limitations
○​ Rough Boring
○​ Roughing ●​ Can only cut:
●​ Manual programming of roughing ○​ Straight cuts
requires many coordinated ○​ Tapers
roughing passes. ●​ Cannot machine:
●​ Programming complex contours ○​ Radii
manually is: ○​ Chamfers
○​ Time consuming ○​ Undercuts
○​ Inefficient ○​ Complex contours
○​ Prone to errors ○​ Direction changes during
●​ Uneven stock allowance can cutting
cause:
○​ Premature tool wear
○​ Poor surface finish
●​ Modern CNC lathes use special
cycles to automatically generate Complex Cycles (Multiple Repetitive
roughing tool paths. Cycles)

●​ Advanced Fanuc roughing and

finishing cycles.
●​ More flexible than simple cycles.
Lathe Cycles ●​ Used for:
○​ Turning
Purpose ○​ Boring
○​ Finishing
●​ Automate roughing and other ○​ Grooving
repetitive machining operations. ○​ Threading
●​ Programmer enters overall cutting ●​ Capable of machining complex
data. contours.
●​ CNC control calculates individual ●​ Easier to program than simple
cuts automatically. cycles.
●​ Return motions are generated ●​ Can be optimized directly at the
automatically. machine control.

Simple Cycles Principles of Lathe Cycles

●​ Also called: ●​ Programmer enters overall
○​ Fixed Cycles machining parameters.
○​ Simple Cycles ●​ CNC control calculates:
○​ Canned Cycles
 ○​ Individual cuts ●​ G91 = Incremental mode
○​ Return motions
●​ Based on fixed and variable cycle Turning
data.
●​ X and Z = Absolute programming
●​ U and W = Incremental
programming

G90 Straight Cutting Cycle

Definition
G90 Straight Cutting Cycle Format
●​ Fanuc Straight Cutting Cycle.
●​ Also called the Box Cycle. Format 1 – Straight Cutting
●​ Used for rough turning and rough G90 X(U).. Z(W).. F..
boring.
Parameters
Purpose
●​ X = Diameter to be cut
●​ Removes stock between the cutter ●​ Z = End position of cut
start position and programmed X ●​ F = Feedrate
and Z coordinates.
●​ Produces a straight cut, normally
parallel to the spindle centerline.
●​ Z-axis is the primary cutting axis.
●​ Used mainly for rectangular G90 Taper Cutting Format
(box-shaped) stock removal.
Format 2
Capabilities G90 X(U).. Z(W).. I.. F..

●​ Straight turning or
●​ Straight boring
●​ Taper turning G90 X(U).. Z(W).. R.. F..
●​ Taper boring
Parameters
Limitations
●​ X = Diameter to be cut
●​ Cannot contour. ●​ Z = End position of cut
●​ Cannot rough machine radii. ●​ I or R = Taper amount and
●​ Cannot change cutting direction direction
during the cycle. ●​ F = Feedrate

Notes

●​ I = signed radius value

G90 and G91 (Lathe vs Milling) ●​ R performs the same function as I
on newer controls
Milling ●​ I = 0 (or R = 0) indicates straight
cutting
●​ G90 = Absolute mode
 Any motion command cancels the G90
cycle:

Absolute and Incremental Axes ●​ G00

●​ G01
Absolute Programming ●​ G02
●​ G03
●​ X
●​ Z Common Method

Incremental Programming G00

●​ U
●​ W
Straight Turning Example (Key Points)

Stock Diameter
4.125 in
I-Value (Taper Amount)
Finished Diameter
Definition
2.220 in
●​ Distance and direction of the taper.
●​ Calculated as a radius value (one Length
side only). 2.560 in

Rules Stock Removal Calculation

4.125−2.2202=0.9525\frac{4.125 -
Negative I
2.220}{2} = 0.952524.125−2.220​=0.9525
●​ First X-axis motion is negative.
Finishing Allowance
●​ Typical for external taper turning.
0.030 in per side
Positive I
Roughing Depth to Remove
●​ First X-axis motion is positive.
0.9225 in
●​ Typical for internal taper boring.
Selected Roughing Passes
Straight Cutting
6 passes
●​ I value equals zero.
●​ Usually omitted from the program. Depth per Pass
0.1538 in

Face Allowance
G90 Cycle Cancellation 0.005 in

Cancellation Commands Typical Clearance

0.100 in
Taper Cutting ●​ Prevents excessive or insufficient
stock removal.
Main Difference from Straight Cutting
I-Value Calculation
●​ Requires an I or R value.
●​ Calculated using the law of
Purpose of I/R similar triangles.
●​ Represents the taper amount per
●​ Specifies taper amount and taper side (radius value).
direction.
Formula for I or R
Calculation Method
I(R)=Larger Diameter−Smaller
May be determined using: Diameter2I(R) = \frac{\text{Larger
Diameter} - \text{Smaller
●​ Similar triangles Diameter}}{2}I(R)=2Larger
●​ Trigonometry Diameter−Smaller Diameter​

●​ Result includes the proper sign (+

or -).

Law of Similar Triangles Roughing Practice

Definition ●​ Select equal depths of cut

whenever possible.
●​ Two triangles are similar if their ●​ Equal cuts provide more consistent
corresponding sides are roughing.
proportional. ●​ If depth is too large or too small,
recalculate using a different
Application number of cuts.

●​ Used to calculate taper dimensions

and I-values in taper turning
cycles.
G94 Face Cutting Cycle

Definition

●​ Face cutting cycle.

●​ Similar to G90 straight cutting
Straight and Taper Cutting Example cycle.

●​ G90 cycle can be used for a part Purpose

containing both a taper and a
shoulder. ●​ Removes excessive stock between
●​ Best practice is to use: the cutter start position and
○​ One G90 cycle for straight programmed X and Z coordinates.
roughing. ●​ Produces a straight cut normally
○​ One G90 cycle for taper perpendicular to the spindle
roughing. centerline.
 ●​ Primarily used for: ●​ More sophisticated than G90 and
○​ Facing operations G94 simple cycles.
○​ Facing shoulders ●​ Capable of contour machining.
○​ Simple vertical taper cutting
Advantages
Main Cutting Axis
●​ Can machine:
●​ X-axis is the primary cutting ○​ Radii
direction. ○​ Chamfers
○​ Grooves
Key Difference from G90 ○​ Undercuts
○​ Complex contours
●​ G90 emphasizes Z-axis cutting. ●​ Tool nose radius compensation
●​ G94 emphasizes X-axis cutting. may be used when applicable.

Requirement

●​ Requires CNC memory.

G94 Cycle Format
●​ Cannot be used effectively on
older punched-tape NC systems.
Straight Facing
G94 X(U).. Z(W).. F..

Taper Facing
Multiple Repetitive Cycle Types
G94 X(U).. Z(W).. K.. F..
Roughing Cycles
Parameters
G71
●​ X = Diameter position
●​ Z = End position ●​ Rough cutting cycle.
●​ F = Feedrate ●​ Horizontal emphasis.
●​ K = Vertical taper amount
G72
Programming Modes
●​ Rough cutting cycle.
●​ X and Z = Absolute programming ●​ Vertical emphasis.
●​ U and W = Incremental
programming G73

●​ Pattern repeating roughing cycle.

Finishing Cycle
Multiple Repetitive Cycles
G70
Definition
●​ Finishing cycle used after:
●​ Advanced CNC lathe cycles used ○​ G71
for roughing, finishing, grooving, ○​ G72
and threading. ○​ G73
Chipbreaking Cycles Roughing Cycles

G74 ●​ G71
●​ G72
●​ Peck drilling cycle. ●​ G73
●​ Horizontal (Z-axis).
Finishing Cycle
G75
●​ G70
●​ Peck grooving cycle.
●​ Vertical (X-axis). Important Principle

Threading Cycle ●​ Finished contour must be

programmed first.
G76 ●​ Roughing cycle then uses the
finished contour definition to
●​ Straight or tapered threading cycle.
generate roughing passes
automatically.

Cycle Format Types

Chipbreaking Cycles
Lower-Level Fanuc Controls

Examples: G74

●​ 0T ●​ Peck drilling cycle.

●​ 16T ●​ More practical and commonly
●​ 18T used.
●​ 20T
●​ 21T G75
●​ Multiple repetitive cycles are
●​ Peck grooving cycle.
normally programmed in two
●​ Used less often.
blocks.
●​ Does not produce a precision
groove.
Higher-Level Fanuc Controls

Examples:

●​ 10T Contour Cutting Cycles

●​ 11T
●​ 15T Definition
●​ Different programming format may
be used. ●​ Profiling cycles used for:
○​ External turning
○​ Internal boring
●​ Can remove material along almost
Cutting Cycles and Part Contour any machinable contour.
 ○​ Start diameter should be
above stock diameter.
●​ For internal cutting:
Boundary Definition ○​ Start diameter should be
below core diameter.
Material Boundary

●​ Represents the outline of the stock

material.
●​ Located between: Point P
○​ Point A and Point B
○​ Point A and Point C Definition
●​ Must be a straight line.
●​ Cannot contain additional points. ●​ Block number containing the first
XZ coordinate of the finished
Part Boundary contour.

●​ Represents the finished contour.

●​ Located between:
○​ Point B and Point C
Point Q
●​ May contain any number of
programmed points.
Definition
Purpose ●​ Block number containing the last
XZ coordinate of the finished
●​ Material boundary and part
contour.
boundary form an enclosed area
containing the material to be
removed.

P–Q Contour Rules

●​ Contour between P and Q may

Start Point use:
○​ G01
Definition ○​ G02
○​ G03
●​ Last XZ coordinate position of the
○​ Feedrate commands
tool before the contour cycle is
●​ All necessary machining
called.
clearances must be included.
●​ Tool nose radius compensation
Importance
should not be programmed
●​ Controls: between P and Q.
○​ Approach clearance ○​ Apply it before the cycle
○​ First roughing cut depth call.
●​ Roughing cycles divide the contour
Safety Rule into machinable roughing cuts
automatically.
●​ For external cutting: ●​ External cutting:
 ○​ Tool motion between P and G71 P10 Q.. U.. W.. F.. S..
Q must steadily increase. N10 G00 X..
●​ Internal cutting:
○​ Tool motion between P and
Q must steadily decrease.
●​ Direction changes between P and Type II Cycles
Q are allowed only when:
Definition
○​ Type II cycle is available
and used.
●​ Modern contour cutting cycle
●​ P and Q blocks must:
method.
○​ Have sequence numbers
●​ Allows a direction change in one
(N numbers).
axis only.
○​ Be unique within the
program.
Characteristics

●​ Allows machining of:

Type I Cycles
○​ Recesses
○​ Cavities
Definition
○​ Undercuts
●​ Original contour cutting cycle ●​ Produces multiple roughing passes
method. through the undercut area.
●​ Does not allow a change of ●​ Provides greater programming
contour direction into the flexibility.
opposite direction along X or Z
axis. Restrictions

●​ Change of direction is allowed in

Characteristics
only one axis.
●​ Used on older controls. ●​ Simultaneous direction changes in
●​ Allows: both X and Z are not allowed.
○​ Continuously increasing
contour (external cutting) Selection Rule
○​ Continuously decreasing
●​ First block after the cycle call
contour (internal cutting)
contains both X and Z axes.
●​ Opposite X or Z direction is not
allowed.
Example
●​ Undercuts/recesses may be
machined only with a single pass G71 U.. R..
on some modern controls. G71 P10 Q.. U.. W.. F.. S..
N10 G00 X.. Z..
Selection Rule
Note
●​ First block after the cycle call
contains one axis only. ●​ If no Z movement is required:

Example W0

G71 U.. R..

may be programmed to force Type II ●​ One-block format
operation. ●​ Two-block format

Cycle Formatting G71 Cycle Format (6T / 10T / 11T / 15T)

G71 P.. Q.. I.. K.. U.. W.. D.. F.. S..
Control Groups
Parameters
Group 1
P
●​ Fanuc 0T
●​ Fanuc 16T
●​ First block number of the finishing
●​ Fanuc 18T
contour.
●​ Fanuc 20T
●​ Fanuc 21T Q

Group 2 ●​ Last block number of the finishing

contour.
●​ Fanuc 3T
●​ Fanuc 6T I
●​ Fanuc 10T
●​ Fanuc 11T ●​ Rough semifinishing amount in
●​ Fanuc 15T X-axis (per side).

Important Note K

●​ Difference is mainly in cycle ●​ Rough semifinishing amount in

programming format. Z-axis.
●​ Tool address T may be
programmed in repetitive cycles for U
tool offset changes if required.
●​ Finishing stock allowance on
X-axis diameter.

W
G71 – Stock Removal in Turning
●​ Finishing stock allowance on
Definition Z-axis.

●​ Most common roughing cycle. D

●​ Removes stock primarily by
●​ Roughing depth of cut.
horizontal cutting along the Z-axis.
●​ Normally cuts from right to left.
F
●​ Used to rough machine solid
cylindrical stock. ●​ Roughing feedrate.
●​ Overrides feedrates between P
Available Formats and Q.
S F

●​ Roughing spindle speed. ●​ Feedrate override.

●​ Overrides spindle speeds between
P and Q. S

Note ●​ Speed override.

●​ I and K are not available on all Important Note

controls.
●​ Used for semifinishing before final ●​ U in Block 1 = depth of cut.
roughing passes. ●​ U in Block 2 = finishing stock
allowance.
●​ Meanings are different.

G71 Cycle Format (0T / 16T / 18T / 20T /

21T)
G71 External Roughing
First Block
Characteristics
G71 U.. R..
●​ Rough machines external
U contours.
●​ Leaves programmed stock
●​ Roughing depth of cut.
allowance for finishing.
R ●​ May use one tool for facing and
rough turning.
●​ Retract amount after each pass.
Safety Rule

●​ When changing from a short tool to

Second Block a long boring bar:
G71 P.. Q.. U.. W.. F.. S.. ○​ Move the current tool
sufficiently away from the
P part face before tool
change.
●​ First contour block.

●​ Last contour block. G71 Internal Roughing

U Characteristics

●​ Finishing stock on X diameter. ●​ Rough machines internal contours

(boring).
W ●​ Leaves finishing stock on
diameters and faces.
●​ Finishing stock on Z-axis. ●​ May be followed by:
 ○​ G70 finishing cycle ●​ Uses a series of facing cuts.
○​ Additional finishing tools ●​ Primary cutting direction is X-axis.

Direction of Cutting in G71 G72 Cycle Format (6T / 10T / 11T / 15T)
G72 P.. Q.. I.. K.. U.. W.. D.. F.. S..
External Cutting
Parameters
Occurs when:
Same meanings as G71:
Start Point X > P Point X
●​ P = First contour block
●​ X direction is negative
●​ Q = Last contour block
(decreasing).
●​ I = X semifinishing amount
Internal Cutting ●​ K = Z semifinishing amount
●​ U = X finishing stock
Occurs when: ●​ W = Z finishing stock
●​ D = Depth of cut
Start Point X < P Point X ●​ F = Feedrate
●​ S = Spindle speed
●​ X direction is positive (increasing).

Important Note

●​ Sign of finishing allowance U does G72 Cycle Format (0T / 16T / 18T / 20T /
not determine external or internal 21T)
cutting mode.
●​ Direction from Start Point (SP) to First Block
Point P determines the cutting G72 W.. R..
mode.
W

●​ Depth (width) of cut.

G72 – Stock Removal in Facing R

Definition ●​ Retract amount.

●​ Facing roughing cycle.

●​ Identical to G71 except stock
removal is mainly by vertical Second Block
cutting. G72 P.. Q.. U.. W.. F.. S..

Characteristics U

●​ Cuts from large diameter toward ●​ Finishing stock on X-axis diameter.

spindle centerline (X0).
W
 ●​ Finishing stock on faces (Z-axis). ●​ Z-axis relief amount.

P/Q/F/S U

●​ Same meaning as G71. ●​ Finishing stock on diameter.

Important Note W

●​ W in Block 1 = depth of cut. ●​ Finishing stock on face.

●​ W in Block 2 = finishing stock
allowance. D

●​ Number of cutting divisions.

F
G73 – Pattern Repeating Cycle
●​ Feedrate override.
Also Called
S
●​ Closed Loop Cycle
●​ Speed override.
●​ Profile Copying Cycle

Purpose

●​ Roughing irregular stock such as: G73 Cycle Format (0T / 16T / 18T / 20T /
○​ Castings 21T)
○​ Forgings
First Block
Benefit
G73 U.. W.. R..
●​ Reduces roughing time by
U
repeating the contour pattern.
●​ X-axis relief amount.

W
G73 Cycle Format (6T / 10T / 11T / 15T)
●​ Z-axis relief amount.
G73 P.. Q.. I.. K.. U.. W.. D.. F.. S..
R
Parameters
●​ Number of cutting divisions.
P/Q

●​ First and last contour blocks.

Second Block
I G73 P.. Q.. U.. W.. F.. S..
●​ X-axis relief amount (per side). P/Q
K ●​ Contour definition.
U/W ○​ G71
○​ G72
●​ Finishing stock allowances. ○​ G73

F/S Purpose
●​ Feedrate and speed overrides. ●​ Finishes a previously defined
contour.
Important Note
Format (All Controls)
●​ U and W have different meanings
in each block. G70 P.. Q.. F.. S..

Parameters

P
G73 Important Parameters
●​ First contour block.
U (or I)
Q
●​ Rough stock amount in X-axis.
●​ Last contour block.
W (or K)
F
●​ Rough stock amount in Z-axis.
●​ Finishing feedrate.
R (or D)
S
●​ Number of cutting divisions.
●​ Finishing spindle speed.
Important Characteristic

●​ No depth-of-cut parameter is
programmed. G70 Important Rules
●​ Depth of cut is calculated
automatically. Safety Rule

Best Application ●​ Use the same start point as the

roughing cycle.
●​ Castings and forgings where
finished contour closely follows raw Contour Source
material shape.
●​ Uses the contour defined between
P and Q of the roughing cycle.

Feedrate Behavior
G70 – Contour Finishing Cycle
●​ Feedrates programmed between P
Definition and Q:
○​ Ignored during roughing.
●​ Finishing cycle used after:
 ○​ Used during finishing with ●​ Sign determines application
G70. direction relative to spindle
centerline:
If No Feedrates Exist Between P and Q
External Turning
●​ Program feedrate directly in G70: U+

G70 P.. Q.. F0.007 ●​ Toward spindle centerline.

Application Internal Boring

U-
●​ Used for:
○​ External finishing ●​ Away from spindle centerline.
○​ Internal finishing
○​ Finishing after G71, G72, or Feedrate Between P and Q
G73 roughing cycles.
●​ Feedrates programmed in the
contour definition (between P and
Basic Rules for G70–G73 Cycles Q):
○​ Ignored during roughing.
Tool Nose Radius Offset ○​ Used during G70 finishing.
●​ Always apply tool nose radius
D Address (One-Block G71/G72)
offset before calling the stock
removal cycle. ●​ No decimal point is used.
●​ Always cancel tool nose radius ●​ Uses leading zero suppression.
offset after the cycle is completed.
Example:
Return Motion
D0750 = 0.0750 depth of cut
●​ Return motion to the start point is D750 = 0.0750 depth of cut
automatic.
●​ Do not program the return motion. Note

Type I G71 Rule ●​ Some controls allow a decimal

point for D.
●​ The P block should not contain a ●​ Others do not.
Z-axis value (Z or W).

Type II G71 Rule

●​ Direction change is allowed only in: G74 – Peck Drilling Cycle

○​ Type II cycle
○​ One axis only (W0) Definition

Stock Allowance U ●​ Interrupted cutting cycle along the

Z-axis.
●​ Programmed on the diameter. ●​ Similar to peck drilling on
machining centers.
●​ Used for chip breaking.
Applications First Block
G74 R..
●​ Peck drilling
●​ Interrupted turning R
●​ Interrupted boring
●​ Deep face grooving ●​ Return (relief) amount for each cut.
●​ Part-off operations
●​ Hard materials

Second Block
G74 X..(U..) Z..(W..) P.. Q.. R.. F.. S..
G74 Cycle Format (6T / 10T / 11T / 15T)
X(U)
G74 X..(U..) Z..(W..) I.. K.. D.. F.. S..
●​ Final groove diameter.
Parameters
Z(W)
X(U)
●​ Final depth position.
●​ Final groove diameter.
P
Z(W)
●​ Depth of each cut.
●​ Final depth position.
Q
I
●​ Distance of each peck.
●​ Depth of each cut.
R
K
●​ Relief amount at end of cut.
●​ Distance of each peck.
F
D
●​ Feedrate.
●​ Relief amount at end of cut.
●​ Must be zero for face grooving. S

F ●​ Spindle speed.

●​ Feedrate.

S
G74 Peck Drilling Rule
●​ Spindle speed.
Z-Axis Drilling Only

If X/U and P are omitted:

G74 Cycle Format (0T / 16T / 18T / 20T / G74 Z.. Q.. F..
21T)
 ●​ Cycle performs peck drilling only. ●​ Relief amount at end of cut.
●​ Machining occurs along the Z-axis.
F
Example Values
●​ Feedrate.
Z = Hole depth
Q = Peck distance S
F = Feedrate
●​ Spindle speed.

G75 – Groove Cutting Cycle

Definition G75 Cycle Format (0T / 16T / 18T / 20T /

21T)
●​ Interrupted cutting cycle along the
X-axis. First Block
●​ Used primarily for chip-breaking G75 R..
during grooving operations.
R
Relationship to G74
●​ Return amount for each cut.
●​ Same concept as G74.
●​ X-axis replaces Z-axis as the
primary cutting direction.
Second Block
G75 X..(U..) Z..(W..) P.. Q.. R.. F.. S..

X(U)
G75 Cycle Format (6T / 10T / 11T / 15T)
G75 X..(U..) Z..(W..) I.. K.. D.. F.. S.. ●​ Final groove diameter.

Parameters Z(W)

X(U) ●​ Position of last groove.

●​ Final groove diameter. P

Z(W) ●​ Depth of each cut.

●​ Position of the last groove. Q

I ●​ Distance between grooves.

●​ Depth of each cut. R

K ●​ Relief amount at end of cut.

●​ Distance between grooves. F

D ●​ Feedrate.
S R Address Rule

●​ Spindle speed. If both return amount and relief amount

are programmed:

●​ Presence of X determines
meaning.
G75 Grooving Rule ●​ When X is programmed:
○​ R = Relief amount.
X-Axis Grooving Only

If Z/W and Q (or K) are omitted:

G75 X.. P.. F..

●​ Machining occurs only along the

X-axis.
●​ Performs peck grooving.

Basic Rules for G74 and G75 Cycles

Programming Mode

●​ X and Z values may be

programmed in:
○​ Absolute mode
○​ Incremental mode

Automatic Relief

●​ Both cycles provide automatic

relief motion.

Relief Amount

●​ May be omitted.
●​ If omitted:​
​
Relief = 0​

Return Amount

●​ Programmable only in the

two-block format.
●​ Otherwise controlled by machine
parameter settings.