Background

Building Energy Standards

International Review:
and Codes
• BEC widely adopted international
Ir K K Lam • Mainly on OTTV, Lighting and AC
2 & 16 April 2004 • Prescriptive BEC
• Performance-based BEC

Background Prescriptive BEC

• Stipulate the control thresholds
• Requirements are simple to use & enforce
Hong Kong Situation:
• Products written into the codes at a time
• Energy Efficiency Office set up in1994 when alternatives did not exist
• BEC - one of the first initiatives • Difficult for new, innovative and possibly
• 4 energy consuming areas: more cost-effective products and designs to
-AC (48%), Office equipment (22%), gain wide acceptance in the marketplace
-Lighting (19%), Lifts & others (11%) • Inflexible for trade-offs

Performance-
Performance-based BEC Introduction
• Use the total building energy approach Building Energy Standards & Codes
• Provide an alternative channel to the • OTTV
prescriptive BEC
• Lighting
• Designer have the flexible to use any products
provided the energy consumption of the whole • Air-conditioning
building equal to or less than that of the same • Electrical
building that complies with every aspect of the
prescriptive BEC
• Lifts and escalators
• Difficult to predict the actual energy use • Performance-based BEC

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 OTTV Code OTTV Code

• Launched 1995 (Buildings

Department with support from EMSD) • Mandatory
• Building (Energy Efficiency) • Simple to use as there are computer
Regulation (Cap. 123M) programmes performing the
• Control of building envelope calculations
• Review in 6/2000 • Reflective glass or low emissive glass
-Tower 30 W/m2 (previous 35) have to be used
-Podium 70 W/m2 (previous 80)

Lighting Energy Code Lighting Energy Code

Published in 1998 3. Maximum Allowable LPD

• Requirements: -office 25 W/m2
1. Minimum Lamp Luminous Efficacy -car park 8 W/m2
-6 lm/W for Tungsten -banquet 40 W/m2
-160 lm/W for SOX 4. Lighting Control Points in Office
-40 to 75W for Fluorescent & CFL
-1 control point per 10m2
10m2
2. Maximum Lamp Control Gear Loss
Fluorescent – 7 to 18 W
-Fluorescent
-CFL – 7 to 10 W

Lighting Energy Code Air-

Air-conditioning Energy Code
Published in 1998
• Control parameters are not stringent as they 1. Load design:
design:
code was written many years ago. -Indoor conditions
• The use of fluorescent fittings with low loss -Outdoor conditions
ballast can satisfy the requirement. -Load calculation
• Efficacy & control gear loss stipulated 2. Air side power (fan > 5kW)
• LPD for different areas stipulated. -CAV ≤ 1.6 W / l/s
• Maximum area served by a switch stipulated. -VAV ≤ 2.1 W / l/s ;
• Easy to use and computer programme is -< 55% power at 50% flow
available for calculation -Duct leakage test
-Special zone separate system

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 Air-
Air-conditioning Energy Code Air-
Air-conditioning Energy Code
3. Water side power (pump)
Variable flow to 50%
-Variable 6. Office control points
-Friction loss ≤ 400 Pa/m -System min. 1 auto control
4. Minimum COP (for >10 kW) -Cooling adjustable to 29 C
-2.2 for (air-
(air-cool unitary plant) -Heating adjustable to 16 C

-to 5.2 (water cool centrifugal) -2C cool/heat dead band

5. Insulation -Control of Humidity, Zone, & Off-
Off-hour
Depending on size, T, K
-Depending
-Ductwork, AHU
-Chilled water / refrigerant pipe

Air-
Air-conditioning Energy Code Electrical Energy Code
•Standard forms available for submission Published in 1999
•Variable speed drives to be used to control air
flow and water flow 1. Power Distribution loss
•System load design stipulated -HV > 50-
50-storey/175m
•Air & Water side system design stipulated -TX eff 98% - 99%
•Control requirement stipulated -Main circuit 0.5%
•Insulation requirement stipulated -Feeder circuit 2.5%
•AC equipment efficiency stipulated -Sub-
Sub-main 1.5%
-Final circuit (>32A)
>32A) 1%

Electrical Energy Code Electrical Energy Code

4. Metering and Monitoring
2. Power Utilisation (motor 5kW) -Main circuit 400A:
-Motor eff 84% to 92%
 

 
 

 

Meter or provisions to measure V, A, PF, kWh

-Motor sizing 125% & kVA
-Synchronous belt drive -Sub-
Sub-main circuit & feeder 200A: Meter or
-Power factor 0.85
 

 
 
 

provisions to measure A & kWh

3. Power Quality
-THD current
20% ( 40A)











to 5% (>2000A)
-Unbalanced load 10% (I 100A)











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 Electrical Energy Code Lifts & Escalators Energy Code
Published in 2000
•One of the first of its kind. 1. Max. Power
•The IEEE had obtained permission from HK -Not to exceed kW limit according to
Government to include this code into their new load and speed e.g. 750kg 1m/s not to
revision of Standard 241 “Recommended Practice exceed 7kW, 5000 5000kg at 9 m/s not to
for Electrical Systems in Commercial Buildings” exceed 290kW)
•Standard forms available for submission 2. Energy Management
•Requirements of power distribution, utilization & -1 lift (in lift bank) at standby
power quality stipulated. -standby lift not responsive to call
•Requirements of metering & monitoring stipulated. -Meters for V, A, PF, kWh & kVA
-2 minute idling shut off fan

Lifts & Escalators Energy Code Lifts & Escalators Energy Code
3. Handling capacity
Sky lobby lift bank 20%
-Sky • One of the first of its kind
-Zone lift bank 10% • Standard forms available for submission
4. Lift traffic design • Requirements of traffic analysis
-Zone-
Zone-type building • Maximum power demand of motor drive
(at least 10 storey) > 1.5m/s - stipulated for various combination of loading
-Up Peak Interval: and speed.
30s (office) to 55s (industrial) • Requirement of THD stipulated.
5. Total Harmonic Distortion • Energy management requirements
-Lift:
Lift: 15% (<800A) to 35% (<80A) • Handling capacity requirements
-Escalator: 22.5% (<400A) to 35% (<80A)

Performance-
Performance-based BEC Performance-
Performance-based BEC
Published in 2003
• Total Energy Budget approach • Make reference to ASHRAE 90.1 2001
• Numerical method for building energy • Alternative path for compliance with the
analysis using approved programme prescriptive BECs
• Determination of energy consumption: • Certain basic requirements of the 5
-Building envelope prescriptive BECs must be complied.
-Lighting • Building energy simulation using approved
-HVAC computer programmes, e.g. DOE2.
-Lift & escalator • Comparison of the design energy with the
-Other systems energy budget of the reference building.
• Submission requirements

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 Energy Efficiency Building Energy Efficiency Building
Registration Scheme Registration Scheme
Nature of Scheme A list of registered building and latest information on
The scheme is voluntary self certifying in nature. HKEERSB can be found in the Internet :
RPE is required to certify that installations of the www:[Link]/emsd/english/energy/codes/buil
building comply with the requirements in the BEC denergy/[Link]
A Registration Certificate will be issued to Some Examples:
successful applicant The Center HK International Airport
Participant is allowed to include the Information Nanyang Plaza EMSD HQ
of the registration in public signs, display, Prosperity Centre North Point Govt Offices
advertisement, etc. as a commercial sales point Lippo Sun Plaza Knowles Bldg, HKU
Laguna City Fanling Health Centre

Thank You