Ada Programming/All Operators - Wikibooks [Link]

Ada Programming/All Operators

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Contents
1 Operators
1.1 Standard operators
1.1.1 Logical operators
1.1.2 Relational operators
1.1.3 Binary adding operators
1.1.4 Unary adding operators
1.1.5 Multiplying operator
1.1.6 Highest precedence operator
1.2 Shortcut operators
1.3 Membership tests
1.4 See also
1.4.1 Wikibook Augusta Ada King, Countess
1.4.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual of Lovelace.
1.4.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
1.4.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide
2 Operators: &
2.1 As operator
2.1.1 Concatenating arrays
2.2 Common non-standard operations
2.2.1 Concatenating strings
2.3 See also
2.3.1 Wikibook
2.3.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
2.3.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
3 Operators: **
3.1 Operator
3.1.1 Standard Operations
[Link] Arithmetic Power of
[Link].1 Usage
[Link].2 Working Example
3.2 See also
3.2.1 Wikibook
3.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
3.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
4 Operators: *
4.1 Operator
4.1.1 Standard Operations
[Link] Arithmetic Multiplication
[Link].1 Usage

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[Link].2 Working Example

4.1.2 Common Non-Standard Operations
[Link] Character replication
[Link].1 Usage
[Link].2 Working Example
[Link] String replication
[Link].1 Usage
[Link].2 Working Example
4.2 See also
4.2.1 Wikibook
4.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
4.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
5 Operators: -
5.1 Operator
5.1.1 Standard Operations
[Link] Arithmetic Subtraction
[Link].1 Usage
[Link] Minus sign
[Link].1 Usage
5.2 See also
5.2.1 Wikibook
5.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
5.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
6 Operators: /=
6.1 Operator
6.2 See also
6.2.1 Wikibook
6.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
6.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
7 Operators: /
7.1 Operator
7.1.1 Standard operations
[Link] Arithmetic division
[Link].1 Usage
7.2 See also
7.2.1 Wikibook
7.2.2 Ada Reference Manual
8 Operators: =
8.1 Operator
8.2 See also
8.2.1 Wikibook
8.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
8.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
9 Operators: abs
9.1 See also
9.1.1 Wikibook
9.1.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
9.1.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
9.1.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide
10 Operators: and
10.1 Logical operator
10.1.1 Boolean operator
10.1.2 Boolean shortcut operator
10.1.3 Boolean operator on arrays
10.1.4 Bitwise operator
10.2 Adding interfaces to tagged types
10.3 See also
10.3.1 Wikibook
10.3.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

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[Link] Ada 2005 Reference Manual

10.3.3 Ada Quality and Style Guide
11 Operators: >=
11.1 Operator
11.2 See also
11.2.1 Wikibook
11.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
11.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
12 Operators: >
12.1 Operator
12.2 See also
12.2.1 Wikibook
12.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
12.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
13 Operators: in
13.1 See also
13.1.1 Wikibook
13.1.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
13.1.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
13.1.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide
14 Operators: <=
14.1 Operator
14.2 See also
14.2.1 Wikibook
14.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
14.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
15 Operators: <
15.1 Operator
15.2 See also
15.2.1 Wikibook
15.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
15.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
16 Operators: mod
16.1 See also
16.1.1 Wikibook
16.1.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
16.1.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
16.1.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide
17 Operators: not
17.1 See also
17.1.1 Wikibook
17.1.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
17.1.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
17.1.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide
18 Operators: or
18.1 Logical operator
18.1.1 Boolean operator
18.1.2 Boolean shortcut operator
18.1.3 Boolean operator on arrays
18.1.4 Bitwise operator
18.2 Select statement
18.2.1 alternative
18.2.2 delay
18.3 See also
18.3.1 Wikibook
18.3.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
18.3.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
18.3.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide
19 Operators: +

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19.1 Operator
19.1.1 Standard Operations
[Link] Arithmetic Addition
[Link] Plus sign
[Link].1 Usage
19.1.2 Common Non-Standard Operations
[Link] Type Convertion
19.2 See also
19.2.1 Wikibook
19.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
19.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
20 Operators: rem
20.1 Operator rem
20.2 See also
20.2.1 Wikibook
20.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
20.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
20.2.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide
21 Operators: xor
21.1 Logical operator
21.1.1 Boolean operator
21.1.2 Boolean operator on arrays
21.1.3 Bitwise operator
21.2 See also
21.2.1 Wikibook
21.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual
21.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual
21.2.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide

1 Operators
1.1 Standard operators
Ada allows operator overloading for all standard operators and so the following summaries
can only describe the suggested standard operations for each operator. It is quite possible to
misuse any standard operator to perform something unusual.

Each operator is either a keyword or a delimiter -- hence all operator pages are redirects to
the appropiate keyword or delimiter.

The list is sorted from lowest precedence to highest precedence.

1.1.1 Logical operators

and
and , (also keyword and)
or
or , (also keyword or)
xor
exclusive or , (also keyword xor)

1.1.2 Relational operators

/=
Not Equal x≠y, (also special character /=)
=

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Equal x = y, (also special character =)

<
Less than x < y, (also special character <)
<=
Less than or equal to ( ), (also special character <=)
>
Greater than (x > y), (also special character >)
>=
Greater than or equal to ( ), (also special character >=)

1.1.3 Binary adding operators

+
Add x + y, (also special character +)
-
Subtract x - y, (also special character -)
&
Concatenate , x & y, (also special character &)

1.1.4 Unary adding operators

+
Plus sign + x, (also special character +)
-
Minus sign - x, (also special character -)

1.1.5 Multiplying operator

*
Multiply, x×y, (also special character *)
/
Divide x / y, (also special character /)
mod
modulus (also keyword mod)
rem
remainder (also keyword rem)

1.1.6 Highest precedence operator

**
Power xy, (also special character **)
not
logical not , (also keyword not)
abs
absolute value | x | (also keyword abs)

1.2 Shortcut operators

The shortcut operators cannot be overloaded.

and then
e.g. if Y /= 0 and then X/Y > Limit then ...
or else
e.g. if Ptr = null or else Ptr.I = 0 then ...

1.3 Membership tests

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The Membership Tests also cannot be overloaded.

in
element of, , e.g. if I in Positive then, (also keyword in)
not in
not element of, , e.g. if I not in Positive then, (also keywords not in)

1.4 See also

1.4.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming

1.4.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

4.5 Operators and Expression Evaluation

([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

1.4.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

4.5 Operators and Expression Evaluation

([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

1.4.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide

2.1.3 Alignment of Operators ([Link]

5.7.4 Overloaded Operators ([Link]
5.7.5 Overloading the Equality Operator
([Link]

Ada Operators
and and then > + abs &
or or else >= - mod
xor = < * rem in
not /= <= ** / not in

2 Operators: &
2.1 As operator
2.1.1 Concatenating arrays

function "&" (Left, Right : T) return T;

Any array type (including fixed Strings) can be concatenated using the & operator. You can also
append a single element to an array.

2.2 Common non-standard operations

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2.2.1 Concatenating strings

The & operator is also defined for Bounded_String and Unbounded_String.

2.3 See also

2.3.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming/Delimiters
Ada Programming/Operators

2.3.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.3 Binary Adding Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
A.4.4 Bounded-Length String Handling
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
A.4.5 Unbounded-Length String Handling
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

2.3.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.3 Binary Adding Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
A.4.4 Bounded-Length String Handling
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
A.4.5 Unbounded-Length String Handling
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

3 Operators: **
3.1 Operator
3.1.1 Standard Operations

[Link] Arithmetic Power of

The "**" operator is defined as arithmetic power of for all numeric types.

function "**" (Left : T; Right : Integer) return T;

[Link].1 Usage

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A : constant Float := 5.0 ** 2; -- A is now 25.0

B : constant Integer := 5 ** 2; -- B is also 25

[Link].2 Working Example

File: operator_power.adb (view

([Link]
, plain text
([Link]
, download page ([Link] , browse all
([Link] )

with Ada.Text_IO;

procedure Operator_Power is
A : constant Float := 5.0 ** 2; -- A is now 25.0
B : constant Integer := 5 ** 2; -- B is also 25

package T_IO renames Ada.Text_IO;

package F_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Float_IO (Float);
package I_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Integer_IO (Integer);

begin
T_IO.Put ("A = ");
F_IO.Put (
Item => A,
Fore => 3,
Aft => 1,
Exp => 0);
T_IO.New_Line;
T_IO.Put ("B = ");
I_IO.Put (
Item => B,
Width => 3,
Base => 10);
T_IO.New_Line;
end Operator_Power;

3.2 See also

3.2.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Delimiters
Ada Programming/Operators

3.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.6 Highest Precedence Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

3.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.6 Highest Precedence Operators
([Link] (Annotated

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([Link] )

4 Operators: *
4.1 Operator
4.1.1 Standard Operations

[Link] Arithmetic Multiplication

The "*" operator is defined as arithmetic multiplication for all numeric types.

function "*" (Left, Right : T) return T;

[Link].1 Usage

A : constant Float := 5.0 * 2.0; -- A is now 10.0

B : constant Integer := 5 * 2; -- B is also 10

[Link].2 Working Example

File: operator_multiply.adb (view

([Link]
, plain text
([Link]
, download page ([Link] , browse all
([Link] )

with Ada.Text_IO;

procedure Operator_Multiply is
A : constant Float := 5.0 * 2.0; -- A is now 10.0
B : constant Integer := 5 * 2; -- B is also 10

package T_IO renames Ada.Text_IO;

package F_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Float_IO (Float);
package I_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Integer_IO (Integer);

begin
T_IO.Put ("A = ");
F_IO.Put (
Item => A,
Fore => 3,
Aft => 1,
Exp => 0);
T_IO.New_Line;
T_IO.Put ("B = ");
I_IO.Put (
Item => B,
Width => 3,
Base => 10);
T_IO.New_Line;
end Operator_Multiply;

4.1.2 Common Non-Standard Operations

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[Link] Character replication

A String is created where a single character is replicated n-times.

function "*" (Left : Natural; Right : Character) return String;

In addition to standard Strings this operator is also defined for Bounded_String and
Unbounded_String.

[Link].1 Usage

A : constant String := 10 * 'X'; -- A is filled with 10 X

[Link].2 Working Example

The character replication operator is part of the [Link] package. You need to
with and use the package to make the operator visible.

File: operator_multiply_2.adb (view

([Link]
, plain text
([Link]
, download page ([Link] , browse all
([Link] )

with Ada.Text_IO;
with [Link];

procedure Operator_Multiply_2 is
use [Link];

A : constant String := 10 * 'X'; -- A is filled with 10 X

package T_IO renames Ada.Text_IO;

begin
T_IO.Put_Line ("A = " & A);
end Operator_Multiply_2;

[Link] String replication

A String is created where a source string is replicated n-times.

function "*" (Left : Natural; Right : String) return String;

In addition to standard fixed strings this operator is also defined for Bounded_String and
Unbounded_String.

[Link].1 Usage

A : constant String := 3 * "Hello "; -- A is filled with 3 Hello

[Link].2 Working Example

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The string replication operator is part of the [Link] package. You need to with
and use the package to make the operator visible.

File: operator_multiply_3.adb (view

([Link]
, plain text
([Link]
, download page ([Link] , browse all
([Link] )

with Ada.Text_IO;
with [Link];

procedure Operator_Multiply_3 is
use [Link];

A : constant String := 3 * "Hello "; -- A is filled with 3 Hello.

package T_IO renames Ada.Text_IO;

begin
T_IO.Put_Line ("A = " & A);
end Operator_Multiply_3;

4.2 See also

4.2.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Delimiters
Ada Programming/Operators

4.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.5 Multiplying Operators ([Link]
(Annotated ([Link] )
A.4.3 Fixed-Length String Handling
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
A.4.4 Bounded-Length String Handling
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
A.4.5 Unbounded-Length String Handling
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

4.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.5 Multiplying Operators ([Link]
(Annotated ([Link] )
A.4.3 Fixed-Length String Handling
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
A.4.4 Bounded-Length String Handling
([Link] (Annotated

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([Link] )
A.4.5 Unbounded-Length String Handling
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

5 Operators: -
5.1 Operator
5.1.1 Standard Operations

[Link] Arithmetic Subtraction

The "-" operator is defined as arithmetic subtraction for all numeric types.

function "-" (Left, Right : T) return T;

[Link].1 Usage

A : constant Float := 5.0 - 2.0; -- A is now 3.0

B : constant Integer := 5 - 2; -- B is also 3

[Link] Minus sign

The "-" unary operator is defined as arithmetic negative sign for all numeric types.

function "-" (Left : T) return T;

[Link].1 Usage

A : constant Float := -5.0;

B : constant Integer := -5;
C : constant Integer := -B; -- C is now 5

5.2 See also

5.2.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Delimiters
Ada Programming/Operators
Ada Programming/Mathematical calculations

5.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.3 Binary Adding Operators
([Link] (Annotated

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([Link] )
4.5.4 Unary Adding Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

5.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.3 Binary Adding Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
4.5.4 Unary Adding Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

6 Operators: /=
6.1 Operator
The operator /= compares two values on inequality. It is predefined for all non limited types.
The operator will also be defined if a suitable operator = is available.

Note that in Ada the representation for this operator was chosen for resembling the
mathematical symbol ≠, in the same way than <= resembles , or >= resembles .

6.2 See also

6.2.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Delimiters

6.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

6.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

7 Operators: /

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7.1 Operator
7.1.1 Standard operations

[Link] Arithmetic division

The "/" operator is defined as arithmetic division for all numeric types.

function "/" (Left, Right : T) return T;

[Link].1 Usage

A : constant Float := 5.0 / 2.0; -- A is now 2.5

B : constant Integer := 5 / 2; -- B is also 2

7.2 See also

7.2.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Delimiters
Ada Programming/Operators
Ada Programming/Mathematical calculations

7.2.2 Ada Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.5 Multiplying Operators ([Link]
(Annotated ([Link] )

8 Operators: =
8.1 Operator
The operator = compares two values on equality. It is predefined for all non limited types.

8.2 See also

8.2.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Delimiters

8.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests
([Link] (Annotated

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([Link] )

8.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

9 Operators: abs
This keyword is used for the operator that gets the absolute value of an integer number.

y := abs (x);

9.1 See also

9.1.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Keywords

9.1.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link]

(Annotated ([Link] )
4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
4.5.6 Highest Precedence Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

9.1.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
4.5.6 Highest Precedence Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

9.1.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide

3.1.3 Capitalization ([Link]

5.5.3 Parenthetical Expressions
([Link]

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10 Operators: and
10.1 Logical operator
10.1.1 Boolean operator

X : Boolean := A > 10 and A < 20;

10.1.2 Boolean shortcut operator

Shortcut operators are used to make the evaluation of parts of boolean expressions
conditional: and then, or else. This should never be done to speed up the evaluation (with
modern optimizing compilers, it will possibly not have that effect). The correct use is to
prevent the evaluation of expressions known to raise an exception.

if Dog /= null and then G (Dog) then

Walk (Dog);
end if;

In the example above, G (Dog) is only called when the pointer Dog is not null, i.e. it actually
points to something.

Actually and then and or else are not operators in the sense of the reference manual, they
are called 'Short-circuit Control Forms'. The difference is that (true) operators can be
redefined (i.e. overloaded), whereas these cannot. They are however defined for any boolean
type.

Since Ada allows parallel evaluation of the arguments for an expression, shortcut operators
are not the standard way of evaluating boolean expressions. In case the final result of the
evaluation is guaranteed to be the same, the compiler is allowed to use a shortcut
evaluation.

10.1.3 Boolean operator on arrays

The and operator is applied to each pair of boolean elements from the left and right arrays.
The result has the same bounds than the left operand.

type Day_Of_Month is range 1 .. 31;

type Month_Array is array (Day_Of_Month) of Boolean;

X : Month_Array := Function_1;
Y : Month_Array := Function_2;
Z : Month_Array := X and Y;

10.1.4 Bitwise operator

The operator and could be used with modular types to perform bitwise operations.

10.2 Adding interfaces to tagged types

This language feature will be made available in the forthcoming Ada 2005 standard.

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type Programmer is new Person

and Printable
with
record
Skilled_In : Language_List;
end record;

10.3 See also

10.3.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Keywords
Ada Programming/Operators
Ada Programming/Keywords/interface

10.3.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link]

(Annotated ([Link] )
4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

[Link] Ada 2005 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
3.9.4 Interface Types ([Link]
(Annotated ([Link] )
4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

10.3.3 Ada Quality and Style Guide

3.1.3 Capitalization ([Link]

11 Operators: >=
11.1 Operator
The operator >= compares two values on greater than or equal to. It is predefined for all
discrete types.

11.2 See also

11.2.1 Wikibook

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Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Delimiters

11.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

11.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

12 Operators: >
12.1 Operator
The operator > compares two values on being greater. It is predefined for all discrete types.

12.2 See also

12.2.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Delimiters

12.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

12.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

13 Operators: in
This keyword is used in:

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The in and in out mode of subprograms parameters.

The membership test.

13.1 See also

13.1.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Keywords

13.1.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link]

(Annotated ([Link] )
4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
6.1 Subprogram Declarations ([Link]
(Annotated ([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

13.1.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
6.1 Subprogram Declarations ([Link]
(Annotated ([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

13.1.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide

3.1.3 Capitalization ([Link]

14 Operators: <=
14.1 Operator
The operator <= compares two values on less than or equal to. It is predefined for all
discreed types.

14.2 See also

14.2.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Delimiters

14.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

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4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

14.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

15 Operators: <
15.1 Operator
The operator < compares two values on less than. It is predefined for all discrete types.

15.2 See also

15.2.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Delimiters

15.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

15.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

16 Operators: mod
This keyword is used in the mod operator and in the declaration of modular types.

16.1 See also

16.1.1 Wikibook

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Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Keywords

16.1.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link]

(Annotated ([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

16.1.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

16.1.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide

3.1.3 Capitalization ([Link]

17 Operators: not
This keyword is used in:

Logical negation operator

Negative membership test: not in

17.1 See also

17.1.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Keywords

17.1.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link]

(Annotated ([Link] )
4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
4.5.6 Highest Precedence Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

17.1.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

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([Link] )
4.5.6 Highest Precedence Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

17.1.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide

3.1.3 Capitalization ([Link]

18 Operators: or
18.1 Logical operator
18.1.1 Boolean operator

X : Boolean := A < 10 or A > 20;

18.1.2 Boolean shortcut operator

In the below example the function G is only called when F(X) returns the value False.

if F(X) or else G(Y) then

Walk_The_Dog;

end if;

This shortcut operator is sometimes used to speed up the evaluation of boolean expressions,
but the Ada Style Guide recommends to compare the performance of both forms before
switching one to the other. In general, it is good idea to use or else in sake of performance
only when the second expression involves a function call.

The or else form is also used when the second expression is known to raise an exception
unless the first expression is False.

Unlike C/C++, Ada short-cut operators are not the standard way to evaluate boolean
expressions. This is because Ada is designed to do by default what is generally safer, but lets
the programmer request a different behaviour.

18.1.3 Boolean operator on arrays

The or operator is applied to each pair of boolean elements from the left and right arrays.
The result has the same bounds than the left operand.

type Day_Of_Month is range 1 .. 31;

type Month_Array is array (Day_Of_Month) of Boolean;

X : Month_Array := Function_1;
Y : Month_Array := Function_2;
Z : Month_Array := X or Y;

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18.1.4 Bitwise operator

The operator or could be used with modular types to perform bitwise operations.

18.2 Select statement

18.2.1 alternative

See Ada Programming/Tasking#Selective_waiting.

18.2.2 delay

See Ada Programming/Tasking#Timeout.

18.3 See also

18.3.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Keywords
Ada Programming/Operators

18.3.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link]

(Annotated ([Link] )
4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
4.5.1 Logical Operators and Short-circuit Control Forms
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

18.3.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link]

(Annotated ([Link] )
4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
4.5.1 Logical Operators and Short-circuit Control Forms
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

18.3.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide

3.1.3 Capitalization ([Link]

5.5.5 Short Circuit Forms of the Logical Operators

([Link]
10.5.2 Short-Circuit Operators
([Link]
10.6.3 Bit Operations on Modular Types

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([Link]

19 Operators: +
19.1 Operator
19.1.1 Standard Operations

[Link] Arithmetic Addition

The "+" operator is defined as arithmetic addition for all numeric types.

function "+" (Left, Right : T) return T;

[Link] Plus sign

The "+" operator is defined as arithmetic plus sign for all numeric types.

function "+" (Left : T) return T;

[Link].1 Usage

A : constant Float := +5.0; -- A is now 5.0

B : constant Integer := +5; -- B is also 5

19.1.2 Common Non-Standard Operations

[Link] Type Convertion

The operator plus sign is often used to create a type conversion operator:

function "+" (Left : T1) return T2;

19.2 See also

19.2.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Delimiters
Ada Programming/Operators
Ada Programming/Mathematical calculations

19.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.3 Binary Adding Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

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4.5.4 Unary Adding Operators

([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

19.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.5.3 Binary Adding Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
4.5.4 Unary Adding Operators
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

20 Operators: rem
20.1 Operator rem
The rem keyword is used as the remainder operator, that is, the remainder of the signed
integer division. The following formula applies:

A = (A / B) * B + (A rem B)

20.2 See also

20.2.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Keywords

20.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link]

(Annotated ([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
4.5.5 Multiplying Operators ([Link]
(Annotated ([Link] )

20.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
4.5.5 Multiplying Operators ([Link]
(Annotated ([Link] )

20.2.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide

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3.1.3 Capitalization ([Link]

21 Operators: xor
21.1 Logical operator
21.1.1 Boolean operator

X : Boolean := A = 10 xor B = 10;

21.1.2 Boolean operator on arrays

The xor operation is applied to each boolean inside the array.

type Day_Of_Month is range 1 .. 31;

type Month_Array is array (Day_Of_Month) of Boolean;

X : Month_Array := Function_1;
Y : Month_Array := Function_2;
Z : Month_Array := X xor Y;

21.1.3 Bitwise operator

The operator xor could be used with modular types and also with boolean arrays to perform
bitwise operations.

21.2 See also

21.2.1 Wikibook

Ada Programming
Ada Programming/Keywords
Ada Programming/Operators

21.2.2 Ada 95 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link]

(Annotated ([Link] )
4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
4.5.1 Logical Operators and Short-circuit Control Forms
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

21.2.3 Ada 2005 Reference Manual

2.9 Reserved Words ([Link] (Annotated

([Link] )
4.4 Expressions ([Link] (Annotated

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([Link] )
4.5.1 Logical Operators and Short-circuit Control Forms
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )
Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary
([Link] (Annotated
([Link] )

21.2.4 Ada Quality and Style Guide

3.1.3 Capitalization ([Link]

10.6.3 Bit Operations on Modular Types

([Link]

Von „[Link]

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