SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (50 MARKS)
Time: 1 Hour
1. Which of the following is the correct order of the information processing cycle?
A. Output → Input → Processing → Storage
B. Input → Processing → Output → Storage
C. Storage → Input → Processing → Output
D. Input → Storage → Output → Processing
2. A computer with a 64-bit processor can process how many bytes of data at once?
A. 4 bytes | B. 8 bytes | C. 16 bytes | D. 64 bytes
3. The Hexadecimal equivalent of the binary number $101011_{2}$ is:
A. 2B | B. 2A | C. 3B | D. 1B
4. Which logic gate is represented by the algebraic expression $Y = A \cdot B$?
A. OR | B. NOT | C. AND | D. NAND
5. In computer memory, the smallest unit of data is a:
A. Nibble | B. Byte | C. Bit | D. Word
6. Which of the following is a function of the Control Unit?
A. Performing calculations | B. Storing permanent data
C. Directing the flow of data | D. Generating output
7. Which of these is an example of a high-level programming language?
A. Assembly | B. Machine code | C. Python | D. Binary
8. What is the decimal value of the binary number $111_{2}$?
A. 5 | B. 6 | C. 7 | D. 8
9. Which component of the CPU is responsible for comparison operations ($<, >, =$)?
A. CU | B. Register | C. ALU | D. Cache
10. A computer system that uses a single processor to execute multiple programs seemingly
at the same time is performing:
A. Multiprocessing | B. Multitasking | C. Batch processing | D. Real-time processing
11. Which network device is used to connect different network segments and operates at the
Data Link layer?
A. Hub | B. Repeater | C. Switch | D. Router
12. The protocol used to retrieve emails from a server and delete them from the server after
downloading is:
A. SMTP | B. POP3 | C. IMAP | D. HTTP
13. Which of the following is a valid IP address?
A. 192.168.1 | B. [Link] | C. [Link] | D. [Link].1
14. The process of starting a computer that is already turned on (e.g., after a crash) is:
A. Cold booting | B. Hard booting | C. Warm booting | D. Power cycling
15. Which of these storage media uses "pits and lands" to store data?
A. Hard Disk | B. SSD | C. DVD-ROM | D. Magnetic Tape
16. Which register holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched?
A. Accumulator | B. Program Counter | C. Instruction Register | D. Memory Buffer
Register
17. A set of rules that governs data communication is called a:
A. Topology | B. Protocol | C. Standard | D. Algorithm
18. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for end-to-end error recovery?
A. Physical | B. Network | C. Transport | D. Session
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19. In HTML, which tag is used to create a hyperlink?
A. <link> | B. <a> | C. <href> | D. <url>
20. Which of the following is a DBMS (Database Management System)?
A. MS Word | B. MySQL | C. Windows 11 | D. Norton Antivirus
21. A "Primary Key" in a database table must be:
A. Numeric | B. Unique | C. Encrypted | D. Long
22. Which of these is a "Lossy" file compression format?
A. ZIP | B. PNG | C. JPEG | D. GIF
23. The "Brain" of the computer is the:
A. Hard drive | B. Motherboard | C. Microprocessor | D. RAM
24. $1,024$ Terabytes is equal to 1:
A. Gigabyte | B. Petabyte | C. Exabyte | D. Zettabyte
25. Which software is used to translate high-level code line-by-line?
A. Compiler | B. Assembler | C. Interpreter | D. Linker
26. Which type of network covers a city-wide area?
A. PAN | B. LAN | C. MAN | D. WAN
27. The most secure way to protect a wireless network is:
A. Hiding the SSID | B. MAC Filtering | C. WPA3 Encryption | D. Disabling DHCP
28. Which of the following is a cybercrime involving the "hijacking" of files for money?
A. Phishing | B. Ransomware | C. Spoofing | D. Adware
29. Which language does the computer understand directly?
A. C++ | B. Machine Language | C. BASIC | D. Java
30. In Excel, the formula =SUM(A1:A3) is an example of a:
A. Function | B. Operator | C. Label | D. Cell Address
31. Which of these is a characteristic of 5th Generation computers?
A. Vacuum tubes | B. Transistors | C. Artificial Intelligence | D. Integrated Circuits
32. What is the full meaning of BIOS?
A. Binary Input Output System | B. Basic Input Output System
C. Basic Internal Operating System | D. Binary Integrated Output Symbol
33. Which logic gate produces a 0 only when both inputs are 1?
A. AND | B. OR | C. NAND | D. NOR
34. A program that appears useful but carries a malicious payload is a:
A. Virus | B. Trojan Horse | C. Spyware | D. Firewall
35. Which of the following is NOT a type of Cloud Computing?
A. Public | B. Private | C. Hybrid | D. Local
36. Data that has been processed and is meaningful is called:
A. Knowledge | B. Information | C. Metadata | D. Record
37. Which HTML tag is used for the largest heading?
A. <h6> | B. <head> | C. <h1> | D. <big>
38. The topology where every node is connected to a single cable (backbone) is:
A. Star | B. Ring | C. Bus | D. Tree
39. Which of these is a "First-In-First-Out" (FIFO) data structure?
A. Stack | B. Queue | C. Array | D. Tree
40. Which technology allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical server?
A. Clouding | B. Virtualization | C. Simulation | D. Emulation
41. What does SQL stand for?
A. Standard Query Logic | B. Structured Query Language
C. Simple Queue List | D. Systematic Query Language
42. Which of the following is a non-impact printer?
A. Dot Matrix | B. Daisy Wheel | C. Laser | D. Line Printer
43. A person who uses their skills to gain unauthorized access to data for malicious reasons is
a:
A. White hat hacker | B. Black hat hacker | C. Grey hat hacker | D. Script kiddie
44. Which of these is used to uniquely identify a computer on the Internet?
A. MAC Address | B. IP Address | C. URL | D. Home Address
45. The physical parts of the computer that can be seen and touched are:
A. Software | B. Firmware | C. Hardware | D. Malware
46. Which part of the CPU stores intermediate results of calculations?
A. Cache | B. Accumulator | C. ROM | D. Hard drive
47. The practice of using a network of remote servers to store and process data is:
A. Grid Computing | B. Cloud Computing | C. Edge Computing | D. Local Computing
48. Which gate is known as an "Inverter"?
A. AND | B. OR | C. NOT | D. XOR
49. An example of a volatile memory is:
A. Hard Disk | B. Flash Drive | C. RAM | D. ROM
50. Which of these is a digital entrepreneurship platform?
A. Instagram | B. Shopify | C. LinkedIn | D. All of the above
SECTION B: THEORY
Instructions: Answer any FOUR questions.
Question 1:
a) With the aid of a diagram, explain the Von Neumann Architecture and the flow of
data between the ALU, Control Unit, and Memory.
b) Compare SRAM and DRAM in terms of speed, cost, and usage.
c) A graphic designer needs a computer for high-end video rendering. Recommend two
specific internal hardware upgrades they should prioritize and justify your choice.
Question 2:
a) Differentiate between the OSI Model and the TCP/IP Model. State the number of
layers in each.
b) Explain the following network topologies and provide one advantage and one
disadvantage for each:
1. Star Topology
2. Mesh Topology
c) Briefly explain how a Gateway differs from a Bridge in a network environment.
Question 3:
a) Write a pseudocode or draw a flowchart to find the average of five numbers entered by
a user.
b) Explain the concept of Variable Scope (Global vs. Local) and why it is important in
modular programming.
c) Identify the errors in the following snippet (logic or syntax) and correct them: IF x =
10 THEN PRINT "X is ten" ELSE LOOP 5 TIMES
Question 4:
a) Describe the Data Life Cycle from collection to disposal.
b) Discuss how Big Data Analytics can be used by a national health agency to predict an
outbreak of a disease. Mention at least two "Vs" of Big Data in your answer.
c) Define Expert Systems and list two components that make up an expert system (e.g.,
Knowledge Base).
Question 5:
a) Distinguish between Symmetric Encryption and Asymmetric Encryption. Which is
more secure for internet transactions?
b) Explain the concept of Digital Footprint. State two ways a student can maintain a
positive digital reputation.
c) Define Intellectual Property Rights and explain how Creative Commons licenses
help digital entrepreneurs.