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System Analysis and Design

Overview SDLC
and
Object Orientation
Dr. Mohammed Shobail
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Introduction
Information Systems Analysis and Design
Complex organizational process
Used to develop and maintain computer-based
information systems
Used by a team of business and systems professionals

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Introduction (Cont.)

FIGURE 1-1: An organizational approach to systems analysis and design is driven

by methodologies, techniques, and tools 3

Introduction (Cont.)

Application Software
 Computer software designed to support organizational
functions or processes
Systems Analyst
Organizational role most responsible for analysis and design of
information systems

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Developing Information Systems

System Development Methodology is a standard process

followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to
analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems.

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

 Traditionalmethodology used to develop, maintain, and replace
information systems
 Phases in SDLC:
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance

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Standard and Evolutionary Views of SDLC

FIGURE 1-2: Systems development life cycle FIGURE 1-3: Evolutionary model
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Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

Planning – an organization’s total information system needs are identified, analyzed,

prioritized, and arranged
Analysis – system requirements are studied and structured
Design – a description of the recommended solution is converted into logical and
then physical system specifications
Implementation – the information system is coded, tested, installed and supported in
the organization
Maintenance – an information system is systematically repaired and improved

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Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

Table 1-1 Products of SDLC Phases
Phase Products, Outputs, or Deliverables
Planning Priorities for systems and projects; an architecture for
data, networks, and selection hardware, and
information systems management are the result of
associated systems Detailed steps, or work plan, for
project Specification of system scope and planning and
high-level system requirements or features Assignment
of team members and other resources System
justification or business case

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

Table 1-1 Products of SDLC Phases
Phase Products, Outputs, or Deliverables
Analysis Description of current system and where problems or
opportunities exist, with a general recommendation on
how to fix, enhance, or replace current system
Explanation of alternative systems and justification for
chosen alternative

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Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

Table 1-1 Products of SDLC Phases
Phase Products, Outputs, or Deliverables
Design Design Functional, detailed specifications of all system
elements (data, processes, inputs, and outputs)
Technical, detailed specifications of all system
elements (programs, files, network, system software,
etc.) Acquisition plan for new technology

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Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

Table 1-1 Products of SDLC Phases
Phase Products, Outputs, or Deliverables
Implemation Code, documentation, training procedures, and
support capabilities

Maintenance New versions or releases of software with

associated updates to documentation, training,
and support

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The Heart of the Systems Development Process

FIGURE 1-4: Analysis–design–code–test loop FIGURE 1-5: The heart of systems development

Current practice combines analysis, design, and implementation into a single iterative and parallel process of activities.
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Traditional Waterfall SDLC

One phase begins when another completes,

with little backtracking and looping.

FIGURE 1-6: Traditional waterfall SDLC 14

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Problems with Waterfall Approach

Feedback ignored, milestones lock in design specs even when

conditions change
Limited user involvement (only in requirements phase)
Too much focus on milestone deadlines of SDLC phases to the
detriment of sound development practices

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Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD)

Based on objects rather than data or processes

Object: a structure encapsulating attributes and behaviors of a real-world entity
Object class: a logical grouping of objects sharing the same attributes and
behaviors
Inheritance: hierarchical arrangement of classes enable subclasses to inherit
properties of superclasses

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Rational Unified Process (RUP)

An object-oriented systems development methodology
Establishes four phase of development: inception, elaboration, construction, and transition
 Each phase is organized into a number of separate iterations.

FIGURE 1-7: Phases of OOSAD-based development 17

Assignment

‫أذكر مراحل دورة حياة تطويراألنظمة واشرحها بإختصار؟‬

Phases of Systems Development Life Cycle

(SDLC)
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