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CHEMISTRY - COMPLETE GUIDE
EASY-SCORING TOPICS (Attempt These First)
- Atomic Structure - Bohr model, Quantum numbers
- Periodic Table - Trends and periodicity
- Chemical Bonding - Ionic, Covalent, Metallic
- States of Matter - Gas laws, Kinetic theory
- Acid-Base Chemistry - pH, pOH, Buffers
- Redox Reactions - Oxidation numbers, Balancing
- General Organic Chemistry - Naming, Isomerism
- Thermodynamics - Laws, Gibbs energy
- Electrochemistry - Cells, Electrode potential
- Coordination Compounds - Structure, Isomerism
IMPORTANT CHEMISTRY FORMULAS AND CONSTANTS
Concept Formula/Value:
. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT (R = 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)
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2. Dalton's Law P_total = P1 + P2 + P3 ...
3. Boyle's Law P1*V1 = P2*V2
4. Charles's Law V1/T1 = V2/T2
5. Gay-Lussac's Law P1/T1 = P2/T2
6. Combined Gas Law (P1*V1)/T1 = (P2*V2)/T2
7. Graham's Law Rate proportional to 1/sqrt(M)
8. Heat Capacity Q = mc*dT
9. Enthalpy Change dH = Sum dHf(products) - Sum dHf(reactants)
10.Gibbs Free Energy dG = dH - T*dS
11.Spontaneity dG < 0 (Spontaneous)
12.Entropy dS = q_rev/T
13.pH Definition pH = -log[H+]
14.pOH Definition pOH = -log[OH-]
15.pH + pOH = 14 (at 25 degrees C)
16.Kw at 25 degrees C = 1.0 x 10^-14
17.Ka Expression Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]
18.Kb Expression Kb = [OH-][HB+]/[B]
19.Ka x Kb = Kw
20.Henderson-Hasselbalch pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
1.Equilibrium Constant Kc = [Products]/[Reactants]
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22.Kp Relationship Kp = Kc(RT)^(dn)
23.Solubility Product Ksp = [A+]^m [B-]^n
24.Nernst Equation E = E0 - (0.059/n) log Q
25.Electrode Potential E0_cell = E0_cathode - E0_anode
26.Faraday Constant F = 96500 C/mol
27.Faraday's Law W = (M x Q)/(n x F)
28.Molarity M = n/V (mol/L)
29.Molality m = n/w (mol/kg)
30.Normality N = M x n (equivalents/L)
31.Mole Fraction chi = n1/(n1+n2)
32.Percent Composition = (mass of element/molar mass) x 100
33.Molecular Formula Empirical formula x n
PHYSICS - COMPLETE GUIDE
EASY-SCORING TOPICS (Attempt These First)
Chapter Topics Importance
Mechanics Motion, Force, Energy, Work, Power, MomentumVery High
Gravitation Newton's law, Orbital motion, Kepler's laws High
Heat and Thermodynamics Laws, Heat capacity, Entropy, Internal energyHigh
Oscillations and WavesSHM, Wave motion, Sound, Doppler effect High
Electrostatics Electric field, Potential, Capacitance, Gauss's law High
Current Electricity Ohm's law, EMF, Circuits, Resistance Very High
Magnetism Magnetic field, Force, Induction, Faraday's lawHigh
Optics Reflection, Refraction, Lens, Mirrors, Interference High
Modern Physics Photoelectric, Atomic, Nuclear, SemiconductorsMedium
ESSENTIAL PHYSICS FORMULAS
Concept Formula:
1. Newton's 2nd Law F = ma
2. Velocity (kinematics) v = u + at
3. Displacement s = ut + (1/2)at^2
4. Velocity-Displacement v^2 = u^2 + 2as
. Work W = Fs cos(t)
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6. Power P = W/t
7. Kinetic Energy KE = (1/2)mv^2
8. Potential Energy PE = mgh
9. Momentum p = mv
10.Impulse J = F*dt = dp
11.Centripetal Force F = mv^2/r
12.Gravitational Force F = Gm1*m2/r^2
13.Gravitational Field g = GM/r^2
14.Torque t = r x F
15.Angular Momentum L = mvr
16.Heat Capacity Q = mc*dT
17.Latent Heat Q = mL
18.Thermal Expansion dL = a*L0*dT
19.First Law of Thermo dU = Q - W
20.Efficiency (Heat) n = W/Q = 1 - Q2/Q1
21.SHM Displacement y = A sin(wt + f)
22.Period (Spring) T = 2pi*sqrt(m/k)
23.Period (Pendulum) T = 2pi*sqrt(L/g)
24.Wave Equation v = f*lambda
25.Intensity I = P/A
26.Coulomb's Law F = kq1*q2/r^2
27.Electric Field E = F/q = kQ/r^2
28.Electric Potential V = W/q = kQ/r
29.Capacitance C = Q/V
30.Ohm's Law V = IR
31.Resistivity R = rho*L/A
32.Power (Electrical) P = I^2*R = V^2/R = VI
33.Magnetic Force (Charge) F = qvB sin(t)
34.Magnetic Force (Current) F = BIL sin(t)
35.Magnetic Field (Wire) B = mu0*I/(2pi*r)
36.Magnetic Flux Phi = BA cos(t)
37.Faraday's Law EMF = -dPhi/dt
38.Refractive Index n = c/v
39.Snell's Law n1 sin(t1) = n2 sin(t2)
40.Lens Formula 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
41.Magnification m = -v/u
42.Photoelectric Energy KE_max = hf - Phi
43.Photon Energy E = hf
44.De Broglie Wavelength lambda = h/p
45.Bohr Energy E = -13.6 Z^2/n^2 eV
46.Mass-Energy E = mc^2
MATHEMATICS - KEY CONCEPTS
● iscriminant (D = b^2 - 4ac) determines nature of quadratic roots
D
● Sum and Product of roots: S = -b/a, P = c/a
● Distance from point to line: d = |ax0+by0+c|/sqrt(a^2+b^2)
● Slope of parallel lines are equal; perpendicular lines have m1 x m2 = -1
● Circle: Center = (-g, -f), Radius = sqrt(g^2+f^2-c)
● In AP: Any term is average of equidistant terms
● In GP: Any term is geometric mean of equidistant terms
● Derivative represents instantaneous rate of change
● Integral represents area under the curve
● Chain rule: d/dx[f(g(x))] = f'(g(x)) * g'(x)