AIIT
Amity Institute of Information
Technology (AIIT)
BCA (C), I Semester number
CSIT 143 : Problem Solving using Computers &
Python Programming
Dr. Akash Shah
ashah@[Link]
Room No. I1 - 304 1
AIIT
Module 1
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Computer AIIT
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Data Processing AIIT
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Characteristics of AIIT
Computers
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Characteristics of AIIT
Computers
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Characteristics of AIIT
Computers
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Uses of Computers AIIT
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Uses of Computers AIIT
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Uses of Computers AIIT
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Types of Computers AIIT
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Types of Computers AIIT
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Types of Computers AIIT
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Types of Computers AIIT
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Evolution of Computers AIIT
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Evolution of Computers AIIT
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Computer Generations AIIT
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Computer Generations AIIT
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Computer Generations AIIT
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Computer Generations AIIT
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Computer Generations AIIT
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Components of Computer
AIIT
Hardware
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Components of Computer AIIT
Hardware
Input/Output Unit: The user interacts with the computer via
the I/O unit. The Input unit accepts data from the user and the
Output unit provides the processed data i.e. the information to
the user. The Input unit converts the data that it accepts from the
user, into a form that is understandable by the computer.
Similarly, the Output unit provides the output in a form that is
understandable by the user. The input is provided to the
computer using input devices like keyboard, trackball and
mouse. Some of the commonly used output devices are monitor
and printer.
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Components of Computer AIIT
Hardware
Central Processing Unit: CPU controls, coordinates and
supervises the operations of the computer. It is responsible for
processing of the input data. CPU consists of Arithmetic Logic
Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU).
o ALU performs all the arithmetic and logic operations on the input data.
o CU controls the overall operations of the computer i.e. it checks the
sequence of execution of instructions, and, controls and coordinates the
overall functioning of the units of computer.
Additionally, CPU also has a set of registers for temporary storage of data,
instructions, addresses and intermediate results of calculation.]
Registers are small, ultra-fast temporary memory units located inside a computer's
Central Processing Unit (CPU) that store data and instructions for immediate use.
They are the fastest type of memory, providing the CPU with quick access to
information it needs to perform calculations and execute instructions, thus
significantly boosting the computer's overall speed and performance.
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Components of Computer AIIT
Hardware
Memory Unit: Memory unit stores the data, instructions,
intermediate results and output, temporarily, during the
processing of data. This memory is also called the main memory
or primary memory of the computer. The input data that is to be
processed is brought into the main memory before processing.
The instructions required for processing of data and any
intermediate results are also stored in the main memory. The
output is stored in memory before being transferred to the output
device. CPU can work with the information stored in the main
memory. Another kind of storage unit is also referred to as the
secondary memory of the computer. The data, the programs and
the output are stored permanently in the storage unit of the
computer. Magnetic disks, optical disks and magnetic tapes are
examples of secondary memory.
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Components of Computer
AIIT
Hardware
Memory Unit
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Input Device AIIT
The input unit gets the data and programs from various input
devices and makes them available for processing to other units
of the computer.
Example: Keyboard, Mouse, Digitizing Tablet, Track Ball, Joystick,
TouchScreen, Light Pen, Speech Recognition System, Digital camera,
Scanner, Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR), Optical
Character Recognition (OCR), Optical Mark Recognition (OMR),
Barcode Reader
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Output Device AIIT
The output unit gets the processed data from the computer and
sends it to output devices to make them available to the user of
computer.
Example: Monitor, Visual Display Terminal, Printer, Plotter, Video
Output System, Audio Response System
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Concepts of Problem AIIT
Solving
Problem solving is the process of identifying a problem and
developing a step-by-step procedure (algorithm) to find its
solution.
In computing, problem solving involves:
• Understanding the problem.
• Breaking it into smaller parts.
• Designing an algorithm or flowchart.
• Writing a program.
• Testing and debugging.
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Problem Definition AIIT
The first step of problem solving.
Clearly state what the problem is and what the program should
achieve.
Input, output, and constraints must be identified.
Example: Problem – Find the sum of two numbers. Input: two
numbers. Output: their sum.
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Program Design AIIT
Process of planning how the solution will be implemented.
Common tools:
• Algorithms – Step-by-step instructions.
• Flowcharts – Diagrammatic representation of logic.
• Pseudocode – Structured English to describe steps.
Good design reduces errors and makes coding easier.
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Debugging AIIT
Debugging is the process of finding and removing errors (bugs)
from a program.
Steps in debugging:
• Detect the error.
• Identify its cause.
• Correct the code.
• Retest the program.
Tools: Debuggers, print statements, testing frameworks.
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Types of Errors AIIT
• Syntax Errors: Mistakes in grammar of the programming
language (e.g., missing semicolon).
• Logical Errors: Incorrect logic or formula, program runs but
gives wrong output.
• Runtime Errors: Errors during execution (e.g., division by
zero, file not found).
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Documentation AIIT
Documentation is the process of writing detailed explanations
about the program.
Types:
• Internal Documentation: Comments in the source code.
• External Documentation: User manuals, design documents.
Helps in program maintenance, debugging, and future
improvements.
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