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Solution by Inversion Method

Solution of system of linear equations by Matrix Inversion method

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it.khan1973
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views7 pages

Solution by Inversion Method

Solution of system of linear equations by Matrix Inversion method

Uploaded by

it.khan1973
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Solution of 3 × 3 system of linear equations by inversion

method
3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1
3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 7
Matrix form
3 1 1 𝑥 4
[2 2 3 ] [𝑦] = [1]
3 −1 −2 𝑧 7
𝐴 𝑋 =𝐵
𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵 − −→ (1)
To find 𝐴−1

−1
1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 − −→ (2)
|𝐴 |
3 1 1
𝐴 = [2 2 3]
3 −1 −2
3 1 1
|𝐴| = |2 2 3|
3 −1 −2
Expand by 𝑅1
|𝐴| = +3 | 2 3 2 3 2 2
| − 1| | + 1| |
−1 −2 3 −2 3 −1
|𝐴| = +3(−4 + 3) − 1(−4 − 9) + 1(−2 − 6)
|𝐴| = +3(−1) − 1(−13) + 1(−8)
|𝐴| = −3 + 13 − 8
|𝐴| = 10 − 8 = 2 ≠ 0
Therefore solution exists.
For 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
3 1 1
𝐴 = [2 2 3]
3 −1 −2
2 3 2 3 2 2
+| | −| | +| |
−1 −2 3 −2 3 −1
1 1 3 1 3 1
𝐶 = −| | +| | −| |
−1 −2 3 −2 3 −1
1 1 3 1 3 1
[ + | | −| | +| |
2 3 2 3 2 2 ]
+(−4 − 3) −(−4 − 9) +(−2 − 6)
𝐶 = [−(−2 + 1) +(−6 − 3) −(−3 − 3)]
+(3 − 2) −(9 − 2) +(6 − 2)
−7 13 −8
𝐶 = [ 1 −9 6 ]
1 −7 4
Therefore
−7 1 1
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 𝐶 𝑡 = [ 13 −9 −7]
−8 6 4
Put in Eqn. (2)

−1
1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
|𝐴 |

−1
1 −7 1 1
𝐴 = [ 13 −9 −7]
2
−8 6 4
Put the values of 𝐴−1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 in Eqn. (1)
𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵

1 −7 1 1 4
𝑋 = [ 13 −9 −7] [1]
2
−8 6 4 7
(−7 × 4) + (1 × 1) + (1 × 7)
1
𝑋 = [(13 × 4) + (−9 × 1) + (−7 × 7)]
2
(−8 × 4) + (6 × 1) + (4 × 7)

1 −28 + 1 + 7
𝑋 = [ 52 − 9 − 49 ]
2
−32 + 6 + 28
20

2
1 −20 6 −10
𝑋 = [ −6 ] = − = [ −3 ]
2 2
2 1
2
[ 2 ]
𝑥 −10
[𝑦] = [ −3 ]
𝑧 1
Therefore
𝑥 = −10, 𝑦 = −3, 𝑧 = 1
(h)
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 8
−𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 11
Matrix form
1 2 1 𝑥 8
[−1 1 1] [𝑦] = [ 4 ]
2 3 1 𝑧 11
𝐴 𝑋 =𝐵
𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵 − −→ (1)
To find 𝐴−1
1
𝐴−1 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 − −→ (2)
|𝐴 |
1 2 1
𝐴 = [−1 1 1]
2 3 1
1 2 1
|𝐴| = |−1 1 1|
2 3 1
Expand by 𝑅1

|𝐴| = +1 |1 1| − 2 |−1 1| + 1 |−1 1|


3 1 2 1 2 3
|𝐴| = +1(1 − 3) − 2(−1 − 2) + 1(−3 − 2)
|𝐴| = +1(−2) − 2(−3) + 1(−5)
|𝐴| = −2 + 6 − 5
|𝐴 | = 4 − 5 = 2 − 1 ≠ 0
Therefore solution exists.
For 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
1 2 1
𝐴 = [−1 1 1]
2 3 1
1 1 −1 1 −1 1
+| | −| | +| |
3 1 2 1 2 3
2 1 1 1 1 2
𝐶 = −| | +| | −| |
3 1 2 1 2 3
2 1 1 1 1 2
+
[ 1| | −| | +| |
1 −1 1 −1 1 ]
+(1 − 3) −(−1 − 2) +(−3 − 2)
𝐶 = [−(2 − 3) +(1 − 2) −(3 − 4) ]
+(2 − 1) −(1 + 1) +(1 + 2)
−2 3 −5
𝐶 = [ 1 −1 1 ]
1 −2 3
Therefore
−2 1 1
𝑡
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 𝐶 = [ 3 −1 −2]
−5 1 3
Put in Eqn. (2)

−1
1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
|𝐴 |

1 −2 1 1
𝐴−1 = [ 3 −1 −2]
−1
−5 1 3
Put the values of 𝐴−1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 in Eqn. (1)
𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵

1 −2 1 1 8
𝑋= [ 3 −1 −2] [ 4 ]
−1
−5 1 3 11
(−2 × 8) + (1 × 4) + (1 × 11)
1
𝑋= [(3 × 8) + (−1 × 4) + (−2 × 11)]
−1
(−5 × 8) + (1 × 4) + (3 × 11)

1 −16 + 4 + 11
𝑋= [ 24 − 4 − 22 ]
−1
−40 + 4 + 33
1

−1
1 −1 2 1
𝑋= [−2] = − = [2]
−1 −1
−3 1
3
[− −1]
𝑥 1
[𝑦] = [2]
𝑧 3
Therefore
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 = 3

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