GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Diploma Engineering - Semester 1 (NEW) - Winter 2025

Subject: Engineering Graphics (DI01000111)
COMPLETE SOLUTION GUIDE - ALL QUESTIONS
BVPIT - Mechanical Engineering Department, Umrakh

QUESTION 1 - Drawing Instruments, Title Block & Plane Figures

Q.1 (A) - Drawing Instruments Used in Engineering Drawing [3 Marks]

List of Drawing Instruments:
1. Drawing Board - Flat wooden board to fix drawing sheet
2. Mini Drafter / T-Square - For drawing horizontal and parallel lines
3. Set Squares (30-60 and 45-45) - For drawing angles and vertical lines
4. Compass - For drawing circles and arcs
5. Divider - For dividing lines and transferring measurements
6. Drawing Pencils (H, HB, 2H) - H for construction, HB for outlines
7. Scale Rule (30 cm) - For measuring and drawing straight lines
8. French Curves - For drawing irregular curves
9. Protractor - For measuring and drawing angles
10. Eraser and Erasing Shield - For correcting mistakes
11. Drawing Sheet (A1, A2, A3, A4) - Paper for drawing
12. Clips/Tape - To fix drawing sheet on board

Q.1 (B) - Title Block: Information & Specimen [4 Marks]

Information Written in Title Block:
1. Name of Institution / Organization
2. Name of Student / Draughtsman
3. Title / Name of Drawing
4. Drawing Number
5. Scale Used (e.g., 1:1, 1:2, 2:1)
6. Date of Drawing
7. Sheet Number and Total Sheets
8. Projection Symbol (1st or 3rd angle)
9. Checked By / Approved By
10. Units (mm/cm)

Specimen Title Block Layout (draw as bordered table on answer sheet):

Institution Name BVPIT, Umrakh Drawing No. 01

Title of Drawing Engineering Graphics Scale 1:1

Drawn By Student Name Date 22/12/2025

Q.1 (C) - Regular Pentagon of Side 45 mm (Universal Method) [7 Marks]

Construction Steps - Regular Pentagon (Universal / General Method):
Step 1: Draw a line AB = 45 mm (this is one side of the pentagon).
Step 2: Bisect AB perpendicularly. The bisector is the vertical axis of symmetry.
Step 3: Mark point P on AB such that AP = AB = 45 mm (extend AB to the left if needed). With P as
center and PB as radius, draw a semicircle above AB.
Step 4: Divide the semicircle into (n) equal parts where n = 5 (number of sides). So divide into 5 equal
parts of 36 degrees each. Label divisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 from left.
Step 5: Join P to point 2 (always use the 2nd division point from left for any polygon). This gives the
direction of the next side.
Step 6: With A as center and AB=45mm as radius, mark point E on the perpendicular bisector.
Step 7: Using the method: From A, draw a line through division point 2; mark point F = 45 mm from A.
Step 8: With compass set to 45 mm, step off the remaining vertices around from both ends (B and A),
marking C, D, E in sequence.
Step 9: Join all five vertices: A-B-C-D-E-A to complete the regular pentagon.
NOTE: All five sides must equal 45 mm. All interior angles = 108 degrees.

Q.1 (OR-A) - Aligned vs Unidirectional Dimensioning System [3 Marks]

ALIGNED SYSTEM UNIDIRECTIONAL SYSTEM
Dimensions are aligned with dimension lines All dimensions are written horizontally, regardless of
(horizontal dims read from bottom, vertical dims read the direction of the dimension line. Read from bottom
from right side) of sheet only.

Reading direction changes based on line orientation Always read from one direction - preferred in modern
drawing practice

Q.1 (OR-B) - Types of Lines [4 Marks]

1. Continuous Thick/Visible Line - Outlines, edges of visible surfaces
2. Continuous Thin Line - Dimension lines, extension lines, hatching
3. Dashed Thin Line (Hidden Line) - Hidden edges not visible in the view
4. Chain Thin Line (Center Line) - Axes of symmetry, center of circles
5. Chain Thick Line - Cutting plane line
6. Chain Thin with Thick at ends - Section plane lines
7. Continuous Thin Irregular - Limits of partial views
8. Double Dash Chain Thin - Outlines of adjacent parts, alternate positions

Q.1 (OR-C) - Regular Hexagon of Side 35 mm (Universal Method) [7 Marks]

Step 1: Draw a line AB = 35 mm as base.
Step 2: Bisect AB to find midpoint P. Draw a semicircle on AB above P.
Step 3: Divide the semicircle into 6 equal parts (60 degrees each). Label 1 to 6.
Step 4: Join P to division point 2 - this gives the second side direction.
Step 5: With radius = 35 mm, step off remaining 4 vertices from B (going around): C, D, E, F.
Step 6: Join A-B-C-D-E-F-A to complete the regular hexagon.
NOTE: All 6 sides = 35 mm. All interior angles = 120 degrees.
QUESTION 2 - Engineering Curves

Q.2 (A) - Involute of Pentagon with Side 35 mm [3 Marks]

Construction Steps:
Step 1: Draw a regular pentagon ABCDE with side = 35 mm.
Step 2: Start at vertex A. With A as center and AB as radius (35 mm), draw an arc from B away from the
pentagon. This arc spans the exterior angle (exterior angle of pentagon = 72 degrees, so arc spans 72
degrees).
Step 3: With B as center and BC + (arc length from step 2) as radius... More precisely: With B as center
and 2 x 35 = 70 mm radius, draw next arc ending at point 2.
Step 4: With C as center and 3 x 35 = 105 mm radius, draw next arc.
Step 5: With D as center and 4 x 35 = 140 mm radius, draw next arc.
Step 6: With E as center and 5 x 35 = 175 mm radius, draw the final arc back towards the start.
Step 7: The resulting spiral curve is the Involute of the Pentagon.
NOTE: Each arc uses the next vertex as center with radius = n x side length, where n is the arc number.

Q.2 (B) - Ellipse: Major Axis 120 mm, Minor Axis 70 mm [4 Marks]
Method: Concentric Circle Method (Arc of Circles):
Step 1: Draw two concentric circles with diameters 120 mm (major) and 70 mm (minor). Center O.
Step 2: Draw any number of radii (12 recommended) from center O cutting both circles.
Step 3: From where each radius cuts the OUTER circle, draw a vertical line downward.
Step 4: From where the SAME radius cuts the INNER circle, draw a horizontal line.
Step 5: The intersection of these two lines gives a point on the ellipse.
Step 6: Repeat for all radii. Join all points with a smooth curve using French curve.
NOTE: Semi-major axis a = 60 mm, Semi-minor axis b = 35 mm. Mark foci at distance sqrt(a^2-b^2) = sqrt(3600-
1225) = approx 48.7 mm from center.

Q.2 (C) - Conic Curve: Distance from Directrix to Focus = 60mm, Vertex =
30mm [7 Marks]
Eccentricity = VF/VA = 30/(60-30) = 30/30 = 1 => PARABOLA
Step 1: Draw directrix DD'. Mark focus F at 60 mm from directrix.
Step 2: The vertex V is at 30 mm from directrix (midpoint of VF distance). So VF = 30 mm.
Step 3: Draw axis through F perpendicular to directrix.
Step 4: Mark points 1, 2, 3, 4... on the axis at equal intervals (10 mm apart) from V.
Step 5: For each point n on axis: radius = distance from n to directrix. Draw arc with this radius from F to
find points P and P' symmetric about the axis.
Step 6: For point 1 (at 10mm from V): distance to directrix = 40 mm. With F as center, radius = 40 mm,
cut horizontal line through point 1 to get two points.
Step 7: Repeat for all points and join with smooth curve.
NAME OF CURVE: PARABOLA (eccentricity e = 1)
NOTE: If e < 1 it is Ellipse; e = 1 it is Parabola; e > 1 it is Hyperbola.

Q.2 (OR-A) - Parabola: Base 100 mm, Axis 70 mm [3 Marks]

Method: Rectangle Method
Step 1: Draw base AB = 100 mm horizontally.
Step 2: Draw axis VO = 70 mm perpendicular bisector of AB from midpoint O upward. V is the vertex at
the top.
 Step 3: Complete rectangle ABCD where D and C are at the height of V.
Step 4: Divide AB into equal parts (say 4 parts each side from O): mark 1,2,3,4 on each side.
Step 5: Divide VC into same number of equal parts going upward from V.
Step 6: From points on AB, draw vertical lines upward. From points on VC, draw horizontal lines.
Step 7: Mark intersections and join with smooth curve to get the parabola.

Q.2 (OR-B) - Archimedean Spiral: Max radius 80 mm, Min radius 20 mm, 1
revolution [4 Marks]
Step 1: Draw a circle with radius 80 mm and another with radius 20 mm, both concentric.
Step 2: The difference in radii = 80 - 20 = 60 mm. This 60 mm is gained in one revolution.
Step 3: Divide the outer circle into 12 equal parts (30 degrees each). Mark 0, 1, 2,...12 starting from
rightmost point.
Step 4: Divide the radius difference (60 mm) into 12 equal parts: each = 5 mm.
Step 5: At division 1 (30 degrees), radius = 20 + 5 = 25 mm. Mark point P1 at 25 mm from center along
this radius.
Step 6: At division 2 (60 degrees), radius = 20 + 10 = 30 mm. Mark P2.
Step 7: Continue: P3=35mm, P4=40mm, P5=45mm, P6=50mm, P7=55mm, P8=60mm, P9=65mm,
P10=70mm, P11=75mm, P12=80mm.
Step 8: Join P0 through P12 with a smooth curve. This is the Archimedean Spiral.

Q.2 (OR-C) - Cycloid: Circle Diameter 40 mm, 1 Revolution [7 Marks]

Step 1: Draw the rolling circle with diameter 40 mm, radius = 20 mm. Mark lowest point P0.
Step 2: Draw the directing line (base line) equal to circumference = pi x 40 = 125.6 mm (approx 126 mm).
Step 3: Divide the rolling circle into 12 equal parts. Label 1 through 12 starting from P0.
Step 4: Divide the base line into 12 equal parts and erect vertical lines at each division.
Step 5: Draw a line at height = 20 mm (radius) parallel to base - this is the path of the center C.
Step 6: Mark centers C1, C2,...C12 on this center path line at each vertical division.
Step 7: With each Cn as center and 20 mm radius, draw arcs. Where these arcs cut the vertical through
respective division, mark points P1, P2,...P12.
Step 8: More precisely: For Pn, with Cn as center R=20mm arc intersects the vertical line at division n -
take the point whose chord distance from C0 corresponds to n/12 of the circle.
Step 9: Join P0, P1, P2...P12, back to P0 with smooth curve. This is the Cycloid.
NOTE: Initial position of tracing point P is at the bottom of vertical center line of rolling circle.
QUESTION 3 - Projection of Points, Lines & Planes

Q.3 (A) - Projection of Points [3 Marks]

Setup: XY line represents intersection of HP and VP. Above XY = front view (in VP), Below XY
= top view (in HP).
(i) Point A is in VP and 25 mm BELOW HP:
Front View (FV): Point a' on XY line (in VP, so on XY)
Top View (TV): Point a at 25 mm below XY line (below HP)

(ii) Point B is in BOTH HP and VP:

Front View: b' on XY line
Top View: b on XY line
(Both views coincide on the XY line)

(iii) Point C is 30 mm ABOVE HP and 15 mm BEHIND VP:

Front View: c' at 30 mm ABOVE XY (above HP = above XY in FV)
Top View: c at 15 mm ABOVE XY (behind VP = above XY in TV)

Q.3 (B) - Projection of Line AB - True Length [4 Marks]

Given: End projectors distance = 65 mm, A is 15 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP, B is
40 mm above HP and 50 mm in front of VP
Step 1: Draw XY reference line.
Step 2: Draw two vertical projectors 65 mm apart (end projectors of AB).
Step 3: Mark a' at 15 mm above XY on left projector (A is 15 mm above HP).
Step 4: Mark b' at 40 mm above XY on right projector (B is 40 mm above HP).
Step 5: Join a'b' - this is the Front View (Elevation) of AB.
Step 6: Mark a at 25 mm below XY on left projector (A is 25 mm in front of VP).
Step 7: Mark b at 50 mm below XY on right projector (B is 50 mm in front of VP).
Step 8: Join ab - this is the Top View (Plan) of AB.
Step 9: To find TRUE LENGTH: From b', draw horizontal to get b1'. With a' as center and a'b1' as radius,
rotate to get true length a'b1'.
Step 10: Alternatively use: TL = sqrt((horizontal distance)^2 + (difference in heights)^2 + (difference in VP
distances)^2)
TL = sqrt(65^2 + (40-15)^2 + (50-25)^2) = sqrt(4225 + 625 + 625) = sqrt(5475) = approx 73.99 mm
NOTE: True Length can also be found graphically by rotating either front view or top view to make it parallel to XY.

Q.3 (C) - Pentagonal Plane of 40 mm, Inclined 45 deg to HP, Side inclined 30
deg to VP [7 Marks]
Solution - Two Stage Method:
Stage 1: Plane in initial position (perpendicular to both HP and VP)
Step 1: Draw the pentagon ABCDE in true shape with one side (say AB) on HP.
Step 2: Front view: a straight line (edge view) perpendicular to XY.
Step 3: Top view: True shape of pentagon.
Stage 2: Tilt plane at 45 degrees to HP
Step 4: Tilt the front view (edge view) at 45 degrees to XY. The edge AB remains on HP.
Step 5: Project all points down to get new top view. Top view will be foreshortened.
 Stage 3: Tilt the side AB at 30 degrees to VP
Step 6: Rotate the top view so that side AB makes 30 degrees with XY.
Step 7: Project all points up to get final front view.
Step 8: The final two views (Front View and Top View) are the projections of the pentagonal plane.
NOTE: The two-stage approach: first satisfy the HP condition, then satisfy the VP condition.

Q.3 (OR-A) - Line AB: Plan=80mm, Elevation=70mm, End A 10mm above HP

and 15mm in front VP [3 Marks]
Step 1: Draw XY line. Mark a' at 10mm above XY (A is 10mm above HP in FV).
Step 2: Mark a at 15mm below XY (A is 15mm in front of VP in TV).
Step 3: The front view (elevation) length a'b' = 70mm. Draw b' at 70mm from a' at some angle above XY.
Step 4: The top view (plan) length ab = 80mm. Draw b at 80mm from a.
Step 5: The two projectors from b' and b must be on the same vertical line.
Step 6: By trial: set b' tentatively, ensure b' and b vertically align, then measure inclinations with HP and
VP.
True inclination with HP (theta): sin(theta) = (height diff)/(True Length)
True inclination with VP (phi): sin(phi) = (VP distance diff)/(True Length)

Q.3 (OR-B) - Line PQ: 60mm long, P is 20mm above HP and 15mm in front VP,
inclined 30 to VP, FV inclined 45 to XY [4 Marks]
Step 1: Draw XY. Mark p' at 20mm above XY and p at 15mm below XY.
Step 2: Front view p'q' is inclined at 45 degrees to XY and length of FV = ?
Step 3: True length PQ = 60mm, inclined at 30 degrees to VP. So Top View length pq = PQ x cos(30) =
60 x 0.866 = 51.96 mm.
Step 4: Draw p'q' at 45 degrees to XY from p'.
Step 5: From q' draw projector downward. From p in TV draw arc with pq = 51.96 mm to intersect
projector from q'. This gives q.
Step 6: Join pq (top view).
Step 7: TRUE INCLINATION WITH HP: Rotate front view to make it parallel to XY. The angle of rotation
gives true inclination with HP.
sin(inclination with HP) = (vertical rise)/(TL) where TL = 60mm

Q.3 (OR-C) - Hexagon 25mm side, one side in HP, inclined 60 to VP, surface 45
to HP [7 Marks]
Step 1: Stage 1: Draw hexagon with one side AB on HP, plane perpendicular to VP. Top view = true
hexagon shape. Front view = straight line on XY.
Step 2: Stage 2: Tilt plane surface at 45 degrees to HP (edge view in FV tilts to 45 deg). Redraw top view
accordingly.
Step 3: Stage 3: Rotate top view so that side AB (in HP) is inclined at 60 degrees to VP (XY line). Redraw
front view.
QUESTION 4 - Orthographic Views

Q.4 (A) - Front View of Figure 1 [3 Marks]

Figure 1 Description: Inclined block with cylindrical hole (phi 18), dimensions approx 50 x 60
x 50 mm with 16mm wide inclined top
Step 1: Draw the front outline rectangle: width 50mm, height 60mm approximately.
Step 2: The top surface is inclined - show the slant line at top going from one corner to the other.
Step 3: Show the circular hole phi 18 as a circle (visible) in front view, positioned at center.
Step 4: Mark all visible edges as continuous thick lines.
Step 5: Mark hidden edges (back edges, hidden hole outline) as dashed lines.
NOTE: Refer to Figure 1 in the question paper for exact dimensions: 20mm top width, 16mm, 60mm height, 50mm
base, 14mm side.

Q.4 (B) - Top View of Figure 1 [4 Marks]

Step 1: The top view shows the object as seen from above.
Step 2: The base rectangle is visible: 50mm x 50mm approximately.
Step 3: The inclined surface appears as a rectangle in true shape (or foreshortened depending on angle).
Step 4: The cylindrical hole appears as two concentric circles: outer = phi18 (visible circle) and center
lines.
Step 5: Hidden lines show the bottom edges not visible from top.

Q.4 (C) - Top View and Front View of Figure 2 [7 Marks]

Figure 2 Description: L-shaped/stepped block with R10 radius corner, dimensions 70mm
base, 40mm height sections
Step 1: FRONT VIEW: Draw the L-shape profile. Bottom rectangle 70mm wide, then step up. Show R10
curved corner as an arc. Show hidden lines for internal features.
Step 2: TOP VIEW: The top view shows the plan shape. Draw outer boundary. The steps appear as lines
(visible or hidden). Show all center lines for curved features.
Step 3: Mark all dimensions: 50mm, 30mm (top widths), 35mm, 15mm heights as per Figure 2.
Step 4: Hidden lines: edges not visible in each view drawn as dashed.
Step 5: Apply first angle projection convention: Top view below front view, side view to the left.

Q.4 (OR) - Alternative Question (Figures 3 & 4)

Figure 3: Block with arch (R15), hole (phi10), 50mm base, 25mm height
Step 1: FRONT VIEW of Fig 3: Draw the rectangular block 50mm wide. Show the arch R15 on top. Show
hole phi10 as hidden circle (dashed) since it goes through the block.
Step 2: TOP VIEW of Fig 3: Rectangle 50mm x 35mm. The arch top appears as a rectangle outline. Hole
phi10 shows as circle with center lines.
Figure 4: Complex casting with holes phi20, two holes phi10
Step 3: FRONT VIEW of Fig 4: Draw front profile. Show phi20 hole as circle. Show two phi10 holes as
dashed circles (hidden). Include all steps and ribs.
Step 4: TOP VIEW of Fig 4: Draw plan view. Show all holes and features. Mark 100mm base, 44mm and
12mm subdivisions.
QUESTION 5 - Isometric Views

Q.5 (A) - Isometric View of Circle: Diameter 30 mm (Four Center Method) [3

Marks]
Four Center Method to Draw Isometric Ellipse:
Step 1: Draw the isometric square (rhombus) for the face on which the circle lies. Side = 30mm
(diameter).
Step 2: Find the four centers for the four arcs that approximate the ellipse.
Step 3: Centers 1 and 2: The two obtuse-angle corners of the rhombus (the blunt corners).
Step 4: Centers 3 and 4: Found by drawing perpendiculars from each side of the rhombus meeting at
intersection points.
Step 5: From center 1: draw arc connecting the midpoints of the two adjacent sides (small arc). From
center 2: similarly draw opposite small arc.
Step 6: From centers 3 and 4: draw the two large arcs connecting the remaining midpoints.
Step 7: Together these four arcs form the isometric ellipse representing the circle.
NOTE: In isometric, circles appear as ellipses. The four-center method gives an approximate ellipse.

Q.5 (B) - Isometric View of Figure 5 [4 Marks]

Figure 5 Shows: Front View (F.V.) and Top View (T.V.) - dimensions: R20, widths 10mm,
height 40mm, depth 35mm
Step 1: Start the isometric box: Draw isometric axes at 30 degrees from horizontal (left and right) and one
vertical axis.
Step 2: Set up box dimensions from the orthographic views: width (from FV), height (from FV), depth
(from TV).
Step 3: Draw the outer isometric box first as a rectangular block.
Step 4: Carve out features: The curved R20 top is drawn as an isometric arc using four center method on
the top face.
Step 5: Show all visible edges with thick lines. Remove hidden construction lines.
Step 6: The slanted top surface (if any) is drawn by locating corner points isometrically.

Q.5 (C) - Isometric View of Figure 6 [7 Marks]

Figure 6 Shows: Front View and Side view with R15, phi10 hole, complex shape with 100mm
base
Step 1: Analyze both views (front and side) to understand the 3D shape.
Step 2: Start with overall isometric box: 100mm (L) x width x height.
Step 3: Add the curved portion: Draw the R15 curve on appropriate isometric face using four-center
method.
Step 4: Add the phi10 hole: On the isometric face, draw the hole as an isometric ellipse (four-center
method, size = 10mm).
Step 5: Carve out the wedge/angled surface as seen in the front view.
Step 6: Show the ribs and steps from the side view on the isometric drawing.
Step 7: Final drawing: all visible edges thick, center lines for holes, remove hidden lines (isometric views
typically don't show hidden lines).

Q.5 (OR-A) - Isometric Projection of Square Plate 40 x 40 mm [3 Marks]

Step 1: A square plate 40x40mm in isometric projection appears as a rhombus.
Step 2: Draw isometric axes. The top face of the plate is drawn along the two 30-degree axes.
 Step 3: Draw a rhombus with sides 40mm along isometric left-axis and 40mm along isometric right-axis.
Step 4: Show the thickness of the plate as vertical lines at each corner.
Step 5: Complete the bottom face if visible.
NOTE: In isometric PROJECTION, use isometric scale (multiply by 0.816). In isometric VIEW, use true lengths.

Q.5 (OR-B) - Isometric View of Figure 7 [4 Marks]

Figure 7 Shows: F.V. (20mm width) and T.V. with ellipse (phi10), height 50mm, depth 30mm,
width 410mm
Step 1: Identify the shape: It appears to be a cylinder or cylindrical object based on the ellipse in TV.
Step 2: In isometric, draw the base ellipse (four center method) for the circular base.
Step 3: Draw vertical lines of height 50mm from the ellipse perimeter.
Step 4: Draw top ellipse parallel to bottom ellipse at height 50mm.
Step 5: The final shape is a cylinder in isometric view.

Q.5 (OR-C) - Isometric View of Figure 8 [7 Marks] (Win-2026 paper)

Step 1: Analyze Figure 8: plan view (30mm circle with phi30 cut, rectangular body with steps) and
elevation showing steps.
Step 2: Draw overall isometric box for the largest dimensions.
Step 3: Step 1 of solid: draw the bottom rectangular section 50mm wide.
Step 4: Step 2: add the raised middle section with step dimensions.
Step 5: On top face: draw the circular cut (phi30) as isometric ellipse.
Step 6: Add all steps and ledges as per both views.
MARKS SUMMARY - QUICK REFERENCE
Question Topic Marks CO
Q1(A) Drawing Instruments 3 CO-1
Q1(B) Title Block 4 CO-1
Q1(C) Regular Pentagon 45mm 7 CO-1
Q2(A) Involute of Pentagon 35mm 3 CO-2
Q2(B) Ellipse 120x70mm 4 CO-2
Q2(C) Conic Curve (Parabola) 7 CO-2
Q3(A) Projection of Points 3 CO-3
Q3(B) Line AB True Length 4 CO-3
Q3(C) Pentagonal Plane 7 CO-3
Q4(A) Front View Fig.1 3 CO-4
Q4(B) Top View Fig.1 4 CO-4
Q4(C) Views of Fig.2 7 CO-4
Q5(A) Isometric Circle 30mm 3 CO-5
Q5(B) Isometric Fig.5 4 CO-5
Q5(C) Isometric Fig.6 7 CO-5

Total Marks: 70 | All the Best!