WEB ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

UNIT – I

TWO MARKS

1. What is Web? a subset of the Internet consisting of the pages that can be accessed by a Web browser.

It has number of Applications that works on network platform for information sharing,
interoperability, user-centered design and collaboration etc.

2. Define the Conversation.

The interaction between the User and the Web Application is called as Conversation.

3. What are the types of Conversation?

Active: The information displayed can be customized according to the inputs given by the
User.

Passive: The User can select the information to be presented, but he has no direct control
over its volume, type or structure.

4. What is a Web Application? A Web application (Web app) is an application program that is stored on a
remote server and delivered over the Internet through a browser interface.
It is a vehicle that acquires information, structures it, builds a packaged presentation and
delivers it to the Users of Web.

5. What is a Web-based System?

When a WebApp is combined with client-server hardware, Operating Systems, network

software and browsers it is called as Web-based System.

6. What are Computer-based Systems?

 They are a collection of executable instructions and data that provide both information and
functionality for end users.

7. List the attributes of WebApps.

· Network intensive
· Concurrency
· Unpredictable Load
· Performance
· Availability
· Data driven
· Content sensitive
· Continuous evolution
· Immediacy
· Security
· Aesthetics

8. What categories are evolved as a WebApp evolves?

· Information about CPI
· Specification for all the components
· E-commerce capability
· Customer monitoring
· Customer Account access capability
· Customer Service access capability
· Technical service staff access capability

9. What are the categories of WebApp?

· Informational
· Download
· Customizable
· Interaction
· User Input
· Transaction Oriented
· Service Oriented
· Portals
· Database Access
· Data Warehousing

10. Define Web Engineering.

Web Engineering proposes an agile, yet disciplined framework for building industry-quality
WebApps.

Web Engineering is the application of systematic, disciplined and quantifiable approaches to

development, operation, and maintenance of Web-based applications
11. What is meant by Agile?

It is a lightweight process that has been created to tackle the challenges that have been
identified in Web engineering such as : short development life-cycle times; multidisciplinary
development teams; delivery of bespoke solutions comprising software and data.

12. What is a WebApp Increment?

A WebApp Increment delivers selected content and functionality to the end user. Later
increments expand on the content and functionality delivered until the completed WebApp
is deployed.
A web framework (WF) or web application framework (WAF) is a
13. What is a WebE Framework? software framework that is designed to support the development of web
applications including web services, web resources, and web APIs
A framework establishes the foundation for a complete web engineering process by
identifying a small number of framework activities that are applicable to all WebApp projects,
regardless of their size and complexity.

14. Define Framework Activity.

It is populated by a set of WebE actions that is a collection of tasks that produces a work
product.

15. List out the WebE activities that are part of a generic framework.
· Communication
· Planning
· Modeling
· Construction
· Deployment

16. Define the meaning of software engineering.

It is a philosophy, incorporating a process, a collection of methods and a tool set that has
been adopted wherever software is built.

17. What are the layers of software engineering?

· Quality Focus
· Process
· Methods
· Tools

18. Mention the components of Web Engineering.

 The best practices and process flow of software engineering that adapts and distills to the
special attributes of WebApps.

19. What are the WebE methods within the process Framework?

· Communication Methods

· Requirement Analysis

· Design Methods

· Construction Methods

· Testing Methods

20. Write any four best practices of Web Engineering.

· Understand business needs and product objectives
· Develop Usage Scenario
· Develop a project plan
· Develop modeling
· Review the consistency and quality of the models
· Tools and technology that supports reusability
· Reuse instead of reinvent
· Design comprehensive tests and execute

21. What is the purpose of using WebE process framework?

It provides the ability to gain an understanding of what the problem is both in terms of context
and technology. So that the work can be refined or adapted the basic process to meet the
specific needs of the actual problem.

22. Who are called as Stakeholders and define their role.

A Stakeholder is any person who has a vested interest in the WebApp. They may be actively
participating in defining requirements, managing the business aspects of a project using the
WebApp or developing the WebApp itself.

23. List the WebE actions that characterize the WebE process- Communication.
· Formulation
· Elicitation
· Negotiation

24. Define Formulation

 It is used to define the business and organizational context of the WebApp.

25. Define Elicitation.

It is a requirements gathering activity that involves all stakeholders.

26. Define Negotiation.

It is reconciling the differences between various stakeholders for the project.

27. How the framework can be refined?

In some cases, the framework activity is conducted informally. In others a distinct set of
actions will be defined and conducted by team members. When an action is complex, it may
be further refined into a set of WebE tasks.

28. How should the communication activity be refined?

· Identify business stakeholders
· Identify user categories
· Formulate the business context
· Define key business goals & objectives
· Identify the problem
· Define Informational and applicative goals
· Gather requirements
· Develop Usage Scenarios

29. Differentiate Agile and Adaptive Planning.

Agile: A single, team-oriented meeting in which all WebE team members assist in planning.

Adaptive: Things happen, and as a consequence, the plan may have to be modified as the
WebApp Increment is engineered.

30. What is modeling?

Modeling is an activity that creates one or more conceptual representations of some aspect
of the WebApp to be built that encompasses one or more : written documents, sketches,
schematic diagrams, graphical models, written scenarios, paper or executable prototypes or
code.

31. What are the two main WebE actions of Modeling?

· Analysis
· Design.
32. Define Analysis.

It examines stakeholder requirements using information gathered during the communication

activity as a starting point. And also, it focuses on WebApp content, modes of interaction,
functionality and the technical configuration.

33. Define Design.

Design is a WebE activity that produces a model or representation that exhibits firmness,
commodity and delight.

34. How the quality of an Increment is is ensured?

The focus of Quality Assurance is to ensure firmness, commodity and delight will be the
outcome, when an increment is deployed.

35. What do you meant by firmness, commodity and delight?

Firmness: A WebApp should not have any bugs that inhibit its function.

Commodity: A WebApp should be suitable for the purposes for which it was intended.

Delight: The experience of using the WebApp should be a pleasurable one.

36. List out the all of the aspects of Design.

· Interface Design
· Aesthetic Design
· Content Design
· Navigation Design
· Architecture Design
· Component Design

37. What are all the activities called as Umbrella Activities?

· Change Management
· Quality Assurance
· Risk Management
· Project Management

38. How should a WebE team manage changes?

Change requests can be queued for assessment and action after the increment is deployed.

39. How is Risk managed?

 Risk identification is done throughout the WebE process. Whenever any stakeholder
identifies something that might go wrong, it is recorded for discussion and action.

40. What are the two ways to manage the High-Impact risks?
· Reactive management
· Proactive management

41. What is Reactive management?

The does nothing about risks until something goes wrong.

42. What is Proactive management?

Potential risks are identified, their probability and impact is assessed, and they are ranked by
importance.

UNIT – II

TWO MARKS

1. What are the two things used to understand the models to be built?
· The process being followed
· The product to be developed

2. What is an Application State? Give an example.

An application state is an externally observable characterization of the condition of the

application.

For example, the state of an airline reservation application might have a user logged in, with
a completely selected flight, but no confirmation or payment.

3. Define Business Model?

Business model defines both strategic and tactical mechanisms that enable a business to
attract customers, produce and sell products and generate revenue.

4. What is meant by abstract level?

 An abstraction level refers to the level of product or technical detail that is represented for a
WebApp.

5. What are modeling frameworks?

6. They provide clarification of the set of models that might be used in web engineering. It
suggests about the model types, the frameworks often aim to establish terms and concepts
that are relevant.

7. What does the Zachman Framework contain?

It has framework models represented in 2-dimension table.

First dimension describes the perspectives of stakeholders of the application.

Second dimension presents six questions like: What (data), How (function), Where (location),
Who (people), When (time) and Why (motivation).

8. What are the things that to be accommodated by the modeling frameworks for web?

Open and modularized architecture for web

Increased emphasis on the quality of user interface

Reusable information and components

9. Name the modeling framework for web and who developed this?

Web Application Architecture Framework (WAAF) developed by David Lowe, Xiayong

Kong and Li Liu.

10. What is WAAF framework?

The WAAF framework provides an indication of which models or work products are
appropriate for which purpose and audience.

11. What are the tasks for Analysis modeling?

· Decide whether a requirement model is needed
· Represent WebApp content
· Identify content relationships
· Refine and extend user scenarios
· Review user scenarios
· Create an interaction model for complex scenarios
 · Identify functions
· Define constraints and performance requirements
· Identify database requirements

12. What are the tasks for Design modeling?

· Design the aesthetic for WebApp
· Design the Interface
· Design Navigation scheme
· Design WebApp architecture
· Design content structure that supports it
· Design functional components
· Design security and privacy mechanisms
· Review the design

13. Define Modeling Language.

Modeling language incorporates a set of notations, terms, and/or symbols as well as the rules
for establishing associations between them. It has a formally structured representation and
graphical elements.

14. What are the two types of modeling languages?

· A very rich language capable of a diversity of modeling
· A range of different languages , each specialized for a particular purpose

15. What capabilities should exist to model functionality?

· Integration and connectivity
· Pattern modeling
· Concepts in a technology-neutral fashion
· Sophisticated system functionality

16. What capabilities should exist to model Information content?

· Presentation level concepts
· Navigational structure and behavior
· User interactions with the information
· User roles and user groups
· Content

17. What generic capabilities should exist in a modeling language?

· Business domain concepts
· Business models with the technical architecture
· Link information with functionality
· System integrity
· Understanding and communication
 · Web system life cycle management

18. What is Modeling Language Gap Analysis?

It is a checklist which has requirements for a modeling language and different modeling
approaches along with the result that the requirements are met or partially met.

19. What are the size – related factors that emphasizes the degree of analysis modeling?
· Size and complexity of WebApp
· Number of Stakeholders
· Size of WebE team
· Degree to which members worked together before
· Degree to which organization’s success directly depends on success of
WebApp

20. What is a Prototype?

A prototype is a stripped down version of one or more aspects of the WebApp increment.

21. Differentiate analysis and design.

Analysis used to find out the requirements of a WebApp

Design used to understand the costs of construction that is cost of implementing a

requirement.

22. How do we analyze requirements? Or how analysis modeling can be performed?

By identifying solutions for following issues:

· Inputs
· Outputs
· Analysis Tasks to be carried out
· Tools to be used

23. What are the inputs to analysis modeling?

· Stakeholders and User categories
· Business context
· Defined informational & applicative goals
· General WebApp requirements
· Usage scenarios

24. What are the outputs from analysis modeling?

· Content model
 · Interaction model
· Functional model
· Configuration model

25. Define Content model.

It identifies the full spectrum of content to be provided by the WebApp. It includes text,
graphics and images, video and audio data.

(OR)

A representation that provides a clear indication of the content that is required to support a
usage scenario.

26. Define Interaction Model.

It describes the manner in which users interact with the WebApp.

27. Define Functional Model.

It defines the operations that will be applied to WebApp content and describes other
processing functions that are independent of content but necessary to the end user.

28. Define Configuration model.

It describes the environment and infrastructure in which the WebApp resides.

29. What tools are used to develop models?

· UML tools
· Prototyping tools
· Issue Tracking tools
· Content Management tools

30. What are the structural elements of content model?

· External Entities: Produce / consume information to be used by the WebApp
· Things:
· Occurrences / Events
· Roles
· Organizational Units
· Places
· Structures

31. Define an analysis class.

 An analysis class encompasses attributes that describes it, operations that effect behavior
required of the class, collaborations that allow class to communicate with other classes.

32. What are Attributes of an Analysis Class?

Attributes define an analysis class. They clarify what the class means in the context of the
problem space.

33. What are operations of analysis class?

Operations define the behavior of the analysis class.

34. What are collaborations of analysis class?

Collaborations identify relationships between classes. A class can fulfill a responsibility by

collaborating with other classes.

35. List the four broad categories of operations.

· Manipulating content
· Performs computation
· Inquire state of an object
· Occurrence of a controlling event

36. What is a subsystem / an architectural element?

Collaborated classes to achieve some requirement are organized into an architectural element
or subsystem during design.

37. What is the purpose of Usecases?

It describes the ways in which users will interact with the WedApp and they implicitly
captures the exchange value between different users.

Part-3:
1) Explain what are the key responsibilities of a Web Developer?
 • Program test and debug all web applications
• Design, develop, test and deploy web applications
• Uploading sites onto server and registering it with different search engines
• Coordinate with other designers and programmers to develop web projects
• Fix bugs, troubleshoot and resolve problems
• In case of system failure initiate periodic testing and implement contingency plans
• Develop appropriate code structures to solve specific tasks
• Support and assist in the upkeep and maintenance of websites
• Assume ownership of code throughout staging, development, testing and production

2) What web developer should know?

A good web developer should know

• HTML
• CSS
• SQL
• PHP/Ruby/Python
• JQuery
• JavaScript

3) Explain what is CORS? How does it work?

(CORS) Cross-Origin Resource Sharing is a mechanism that enables many resources (e.g.,
JavaScript, fonts etc.) on a web page to be requested from another domain outside the
domain from which the resource originated. It is a mechanism supported in HTML5 that
manages XMLHttpRequest access to a domain different.

4) List out the advantage of HTTP/2 as compared with HTTP 1.1?

The advantage of HTTP/2 compared to HTTP/1.1 is

• HTTP headers data compression

• Server push technologies
• Over a single TCP connection parallel loading of page elements
• Prioritization of request

5) Explain what is an ETag and how does it work?

An ETag is an opaque identifier allocated by a web server to a specific version of a
resource found at a URL. The ETag is a part of HTTP, the protocol for the world wide web
and when the server reads the ETag from client request, the server can then tell whether to
send the file (HTTP 200) or tell the client just to use their local copy (HTTP 304).

6) Explain what is long polling?

Long polling is a web application development pattern used to emulate pushing data from
the server to the client. When the long polling is used, the client sends a request to the
server, and the connection remains intact until the server is ready to send data to the client.
The connection will be closed only after the data is sent back to the client or connection
timeout occurs.

7) Explain what is DTD (Document Type Declaration)? Mention what is the

difference between CDATA and PCDATA in DTD?

A DTD means Document Type Definition (DTD) which defines the structure, legal
elements and attributes of an XML document.

• PCDATA: A PCDATA is a Parsed Character Data. XML parsers usually parse all
the text in an XML document.
• CDATA: While CDATA is an Unparsed Character Data, the term CDATA is used
about text data that should not be parsed by the XML parser.

8) Mention some tips you can use to reduce the load time of a web
application that you have written?

To decrease the load time of a web application you have to follow the following tips

• Optimize images to no longer than screen resolution and save it as a compressed file
• Eliminate all JavaScript files to reduce the amount of transferable data
• Combine & Mininify all CSS and JS and call them in footer
• Defer or Asynch JS Files

9) Mention what is the correct way to include JavaScript into your HTML?

The correct way to include JavaScript into your HTML is by using inline event handlers or
inline code.
10) Explain in CSS, how can you make a form element’s background color
change when the user is entering text? Does this work in all browsers?

Yes, you can change the default look of form elements by styling their HTML tags: input,
select and text area but it won’t work for all browsers.

11) Explain what is the difference between cookies and local storage?

Cookies Local Storage

Data accessible both at client side Only at the local browser side data is
Client Side/ and server side. The data is sent to accessible. Server cannot use local storage
Server Side the serverside with every cookie until deliberately sent a request to the
request. server via POST or GET

Storage capacity of cookies is 4095 Storage capacity of local storage is 5MB

Size
bytes/cookie per domain

Cookies have expiration and cookie There is no expiration and has to remove
Expiration
data gets deleted after some time manually

12) In HTML what tag can be used for a multi-line text input control?

For multi-line text input control, you can use the “textarea tag”.

13) Explain how can you refer to CSS file in the web page?

You can refer to the .CSS file in the webpage by using the <link> tag. It should be kept
between <head></head>tag. For example <linkhref=”/css/[Link]” type=”text/css”
rel=”stylesheet”/>

14) List out few ways you can reduce page load time?

You can do following things to reduce the page load time

• Reduce image size

• Remove unnecessary widgets
 • HTTP compression
• Placing CSS at the top and script reference at the bottom or in external files
• Reduce lookups
• Minimize redirects
• Caching,

15) In HTML mention the difference between <div> and <frame>?

The difference between <div> and <frame> is that a <div>

Frame Div
With frames, you can show more than one
The <div> tag defines a division or a section
HTML document in the same browser
in an HTML document
window
The frame tag declares one particular The <div> is used to group block-elements
window within a frameset to format them with styles
On the other hand page, divisions can serve
Frames can load other resources using local content in the manner of the frames,
HTML but that content is not independent of the
page though

16) How XHTML is different from HTML?

• XHTML requires that all tags should be in lowercase

• XHTML requires that all tags should be closed properly
• XHTML requires that all attributes are enclosed in double quotes
• XHTML forbids inline elements from containing block level elements

17) List out the new APIs provided by HTML 5 standard?

• HTML 5 comes with number of new APIs

• Media API
• Text track API
• Application Cache API
• Data transfer API
• User Interaction
• Command API
• Constraint Validation API
• History API

Part-4
Q1. What is a pseudo-class?

Ans. It is a CSS technique that sets the style when an element changes its state. E.g. style
changes when mouse hover, different styles for visited or unvisited links, etc.

There are four different types of pseudo-classes:

• Links: These pseudo-classes are used to style the link both in its normal state by default
and when it has already been visited
• Dynamic: Dynamic pseudo-classes can be applied to any element to define how they are
shown when the cursor is located on them, or by clicking on them or when they are selected
• Structural: Structural pseudo-classes allow to style elements based on an exact numerical
position of the element
• Others: Some elements can be styled differently based on the language or what type of
label they are not.

Format Name Elements are styled if Compatibility

Link and Dynamic Pseudo-classes

the value of the href attribute is not in the

: link Link IE4, FF1, O3.5, S1, CSS1
history

the value of the href attribute is in the

: visited Link Visited IE4, FF1, O3.5, S1, CSS1
history

: target Target Link a targeted link FF1.3, O9.5, S1.3, CSS3

: active Active the element has been clicked IE7, FF1, O3.5, S1, CSS1

IE4 *, FF1, O3.5, S1,

: hover On the cursor is over the element
CSS2

the element captures the focus of the

: focus Focus
document

Q2. What is Namespacing in JavaScript?

Ans. It is usually not a good practice to use global variables in programming languages
including JavaScript. However, you may have to use global variables sometimes. So,
JavaScript introduces the concept of namespacing which ties down a part of the code and
registers it with a unique name.
The namespace is nothing more than a container name where we hold classes, functions,
and variables that can be repeated with the same name in other namespaces or namespace
without involving an error.

Q3. How can you reduce page loading time?

Ans. These are the following ways you can reduce web page loading time –

• Reduce the image size

• Use the latest generation formats for images
• Minify HTML, CSS, and Javascript
• Postpone uploading off-screen images
• Create Accelerated Mobile Pages ( AMPs)
• Remove unnecessary widgets
• Avoid multiple redirects
• Place CSS at the top and script referencing at the bottom or external files
• Reduce lookups
• Minimize redirects and caching
• Check the current speed of the website
• Finding a good hosting to host your website
• Clean the web code

Q4. What is CORS? Why is it important?

Ans. This is an important web development interview question.

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is a browser mechanism that allows controlled

access to resources located outside of a given domain. It enables a web page from one
domain to access a resource with a different domain (a cross-domain request). It is a
relaxation of the same-origin policy implemented in modern browsers.

Due to the same-origin policy followed by XMLHttpRequest and fetch, JavaScript can only
make calls to URLs that live on the same origin as the location where the script is running.
Without features like CORS, websites are restricted to accessing resources from the same
origin through the same-origin policy.

Q5. What are the advantages of HTTP 2.0 over HTTP 1.1?

Ans. The major advantages of HTTP 2.0 over HTTP 1.1 include –

• Higher loading speed

• Improvement of web positioning
• Automatic prioritization
• Less broadband consumption
 • Immediate presentation

Q6. How do you take into account SEO, maintainability, UX, performance, and
security when you’re building a web application?

Ans. Explain how you prioritize your actions as per the requirements of the organization. If
your organization handles vital data, then security will be your top priority. If it is a
medium-sized online business, SEO and UX might be your top priority, and so on.

Q7. What are the new form elements introduced in HTML5?

Ans. The new form elements introduced in HTML5 are:

• <datalist> – specifies a list of options for input controls

• <keygen> – generates an encryption key
• <output> – defines the result of an expression
• <progress> – heads only in the direction of 100% of the max value
• <meter> – provides for a gauge, displaying a general value within a range

Q8. What’s the best way to integrate 5 different stylesheets into a website?

Ans. It usually depends on how the site is laid out. However, the most efficient way would
be using just one file called [Link] (or similar). If you want to change the style, you just
open up [Link], scroll to find the relevant section, and modify the CSS. You can link the
sheet in your HTML as –

<link rel=”stylesheet” href=”[Link]”>

Q9. Explain the use of Canvas in HTML.

Ans. The HTML <canvas> element is used to draw graphics using JavaScript. We can use
it to draw graphs, combine photos, or create basic animations.

Q10. What’s the difference between Canvas and SVG?

Ans. Canvas is an HTML5 element that can draw graphics on the fly with the help of
JavaScript. SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) is used to display vector-based graphics on the
web. The major differences are –
Canvas SVG

Pixel-based (dynamic .png) Based form

Single HTML element. (Inspect the element in

Multiple graphic elements, which
the Developer Tool. You can see only the
become part of the DOM
canvas tag)

Modified via script only Modified via script and CSS

The interaction between the event model and the The interaction between the event model
user is granular (x, y) and the user is summarized (rect, path)

Performance is better with a smaller

Performance is better with a smaller footprint, a
number of objects (<10k), a larger
larger number of objects (> 10k), or both
surface, or both

Q11. What is the default border size of a Canvas?

Ans. There is no default border size of a Canvas. You can adjust using CSS.

To learn more about web development, read our blog – what is Web Development?

Q12. What is the difference between IDs and Classes?

Ans. The differences between IDs and Classes are:

ID’s Class

They are unique They are not unique

You can use the same class on

Each element can have only one ID
multiple elements.

Each page can have only one element with You can use multiple classes on the
that ID same element

Find and modify the style to any single Find and modify the style to any
element number of elements

Q13. What is your preferred development environment?

Ans. This question is not about checking if you are perfect for the same environment as the
organization works but to measure if you are flexible to work in any environment. So, give
them a hint that you are able to adapt to any environment with the core skills that you have.
Q14. Which are the new APIs provided by HTML5?

Ans. The new APIs are –

• Media API
• Text track API
• Application cache API
• Data transfer API
• User interaction API
• Command API
• Constraint validation API
• History API

Q15. What are your key responsibilities in your current organization?

Ans. This is one of the frequently asked web developer interview questions.

You can talk about your current job role in a reply to this question. usually, the most
common job responsibilities of a web developer include –

• Writing well designed, testable, efficient code by using best software development practices
• Creating website layout/user interface by using standard HTML/CSS practices
• Integrating data from various back-end services and databases
• Gathering and refine specifications and requirements based on the client’s requirements
• Creating and maintain software documentation
• Maintaining, expand, and scale the websites
• Staying plugged into emerging technologies/industry trends, and apply them to operations
and activities
• Meeting with clients or management to discuss the needs and design of a website
• Cooperating with web designers to match visual design intent
• Creating and test applications for a website
• Writing code for the website, using programming languages such as HTML or XML
• Integrating graphics, audio, and video into the website

Q16. What is the difference between null value and undefined value in JavaScript?

Ans. In JavaScript, undefined means a variable has been declared but has not yet been
assigned a value. On the other hand, null is an assignment value. Undefined is a type
whereas null is an object.

Q17. What are the web technologies that you are proficient in?

Ans. As already mentioned, you must have expert skills in three technologies: HTML5,
CSS3, and JavaScript. Apart from that, you should be able to have at least some working
knowledge of some of the other technologies like popular frameworks, APIs, and database
management.

Q18. What are the different types of pop-up boxes available in JavaScript? Explain
them.

Ans. There are three types of pop-up boxes:

• Alert – it just displays a message with an OK button.

• Confirm – it pops up a confirmation message window with the OK and Cancel button.
• Prompt – it pops up a dialog box asking the user input followed confirmation buttons.

Q19. What is Scope in JavaScript? Name the different types of Scopes.

Ans. The scope defines the accessibility of the functions and variables in an application.
There are two types of scopes:

• Local – variables defined inside a function are in the local scope.

• Global – variables defined outside of a function are in the global scope.

Q20. What is the difference between ‘==’ and ‘===’ operators in JavaScript?

Ans. Though both of them belong to the comparison operator category, the ‘==’ operator
checks the value whereas, the ‘===’ operator checks both the value and the type. The ‘===’
operator will test for strict equality and will not perform the type conversion. If the two
values are not of the same type, the ‘===’ operator will return false.

Q21. By which mechanism in JavaScript can you detect the operating system on a
client machine?

Ans. The operating system on a client system can be known by using the JavaScript
property [Link].

Check out the Top Web Development Courses to Start a Career as a Web Developer

Q22. Which one do you use the most, CSS Animations or JavaScript Animations?

Ans. Both. CSS animation and JavaScript animation are the two primary ways of creating
web animations. As per the project requirement and the kind of the desired effect, I have
used both of them.

Cases when CSS animations work well:

 • When the transitions are simple. For example, toggling within the element states.
• When the UI elements are self-contained. Like in showing a tooltip.

Cases when JavaScript animations work well:

• When advanced animation effects are expected in the project, like bouncing, stop pause,
etc.
• When a superior level of control is required, JS animation works well.
• Helpful when drawing in HTML canvas.

Q23. Have you used Git for pushing live changes on the website?

Ans. Yes, Git is a great help to streamline live updates on the website. For this, I made use
of a post-receive hook. Through this, I was able to copy updates from the remote server
repo and update them onto the live site.

Q24. Which web development tools do you use?

Ans. There are several web development tools available and being into the role of a web
developer, I have used multiple of them like:

• GitHub to work together with a team on a particular project.

• CodeKit to minify, combine, and syntax-check in JavaScript.
• JS to structure the web application and even develop a one-page application.
• CodePen to deploy a website and build test cases.
• Grunt for automating repetitive tasks.

Q25. As a web developer, how do you optimize your site’s loading time?

Ans. As a developer, I will optimize the site by –

• Implementing caching
• Minifying CSS, HTML, and JavaScript codes

Q26. How is HTML different from XHTML?

Ans. HTML and XHTML are both known for writing web pages. But, HTML is extended
from SGML tagging whereas XHTML is an application of Extensible Markup Language
(XML).

HTML has three components – element tag pair (start tag and end tag), attributes of the
element within the tag, and content in the form of both text and graphics. Whereas XHTML
includes only a single root element which includes lower case elements and the value that is
assigned should be closed, nested, and must be surrounded by quotation marks. Looking at
the difference, XHTML is more expressive when compared to HTML.

It is an important web development interview question for freshers.

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Q27. Have you gone through our website? Please mention what you didn’t like
about the site?

Ans. Now, this is a tricky question and here the interviewer is checking your skills to
identify what is good as per you and as a developer how in-depth knowledge do you have
about the site’s functionality. So, the first thing is that you must visit their website before
appearing for the interview as this will show your interviewer that you are serious about the
role and at the same time you are well-prepared.

Next, you need to do is observe some good points about the site from a developer’s point of
view and also make a checklist of pitfalls. Note, please mention only genuine points where
your expertise can be of help.

Q28. How do you handle a client who is unhappy with your team’s web delivery?

Ans. For every company, the client is the king and no one wants to lose his or her clients at
any cost. Therefore, when appearing for a web developer interview round, you must be well
prepared as the recruiter can shoot this question.

You can start by narrating any previous incident that is related to client handling. Define
the issues the client was facing, and later narrate the solutions, which you or your team had
performed to help the client. This will let the recruiter know that you have the capability to
handle and nurture clients.

Q29. What do you know about HTTP/3?

Ans. HTTP/3 is the new third-generation HTTP standard that was recently made available
in late 2019. It is known for its new standards, fast, reliable, and secure connection.
HTTP/3 promises a faster web experience as it uses QUIC. This new internet transport
protocol introduces first-class citizens. Brands like Google and Facebook are now using
QUIC because of its swift ability to speed up the web.

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Q30. What will you do when an image or a hyperlink is not displaying correctly?

Ans. Many times it happens that some images are not properly displayed on the page and
that severely affects the SEO and if happens multiple times, it hampers the overall rankings.
So, I keep on checking things like missing href and alt tags.

Q31. Do you have any experience in developing multilingual websites?

Ans. It is not necessary that you hold experience in developing multilingual sites but you
must know the basics of how it is done. You can tell the recruiter the process that involves
Unicode encoding and usage of the ‘lang’ attribute.

Part-5 (Sample Questions without solution)

1 University is planning to provide web space for each student, where student can create his/her
own web page, access necessary information, email and other applications. Consider the student's
requirements related to this project, specify web engineering team, requirement specification,
necessary architecture, user interface (please do not specify/write any code).(20 marks)
2(a) What are problems and restrictions in integrated web design?(10 marks)
2(b) What is the role of tester in web application? Specify conventional approach for the same. (10
marks)
3(a) What are the components of generic web application? Explain with example(10 marks)
3(b) How servlets are important in developing web application? Explain with example(10 marks)
4(a) What are the different characteristics of web application? Explain
5(a) What do you mean by user interface organization? Explain(10 marks)
5(b) Write a brief note on Evolution of web engineering(10 marks)
6(a) Explain product related characteristics of web engineering(10 marks)
6(b) How SMIL can be effective in web application development?(10 marks)

7. Write short notes on any two of the following:

7(a) Client side technology(10 marks) 7(b) ActiveX controls(10 marks) 7(c) Multimedia
data architecture(10 marks) 7(d) Middleware technologies (10 marks)