Operating Web-based Applications

Applications that can be accessed over a computer network or internet using web
browser is called web based applications.

Examples:

 Online reservation systems

 Online shopping and bill payment
 Online tutorials
 E governance

Online Reservation Systems

A web-based reservation system enables online ticket purchase and cancellation.
Online reservation systems examples are –

 Airline ticket
 Railway ticket
 Bus ticket
 Movie ticket
 Hotel booking
 Car rental
 Tour and travel booking
Advantages of Online Reservation System

The advantages of the online reservation system are :

Advantages for consumers online reservation

1. Convenient – The user/consumer can book tickets anytime anywhere –

from home, office, while travelling, etc.
2. Price Comparison – Online booking allows the customer to check the
prices, compare them and get the best deal.
3. Security – Most online reservation sites require the user to create their
profile and provide them with a username and password. The information
thus remains secure until their password is secure.
4. Confirmation of Reservation – When a booking is done, the confirmation
of the booking just takes a few seconds. It is fast and secure.
 5. Making Choices – In online booking, the user can see the arrangement of
seats, select a particular seat, etc. In railway booking, selection of lower
berth/upper berth, type of food required and booking for beddings is
possible.
6. Time Saving – Online reservation consumes very less time in contrast to
long queues at the counter.
7. Discount Scheme – The users can avail the special discount schemes
provided by the service provider like, season discount, advance booking
discount and frequent user discount.
Advantages for Providers

1. Requires Less Staffing – Less man-power is required as every task is done

through computers.
2. No Spatial Restrictions – The physical location of the office does not really
matter to a customer who
is reserving tickets online. So, the organization, big or small, can choose
their office space depending on their needs.
3. Global Access – The scope of access to the online reservation becomes
large as anyone who has access to the Internet can search for the
reservation site and book the tickets.
Web Apps & Online Tools
Precautions while Performing Online Transactions

Some actions that can be taken to make the passwords safer are as follows –

 Make a password complex, like mix case, use numbers and special
characters. This decreases ability of automated attacks by trying different
character combinations.
 Be cautious not to leave passwords around and do not share them with
friends.
 Never use names of near and dear ones as passwords.
Online shopping:

Online Shopping is an e-commerce application where customers can purchase

goods over the Internet.

Benefits of online shopping:

 It is beneficial for the customer does not have enough time to visit the store
and purchase goods the store where you will get what you want maybe very
far off.
  The money spent in traveling to the store is much more overhead if any in
online shopping the product you may require is not available at your market.
 You save your time and energy for delivery of the product to someone at
somewhere else.

bill payments:

Online bill payment can be done by debit credit net banking via transfer UPA
apps online courses online courses and tutorials help the user in learning and
like using software video game or lesson in online tutorial, the students and the
teachers are at physically different locations connected to each other via
Internet benefits of online courses. Learn learner has the freedom to learn at
their convenient location learner as a freedom to learn at the convenient time
learner as a freedom to learn their own piece of learning there is no
discrimination of age, cars, gender background, or qualification of the learner.
The tutorials may be enriched with audio and video information which makes
learning more enjoyable and attractive, tutorials, and are available for almost
all topics sometimes in regional languages also online educational websites
Khan [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]

E-Governance
The government’s ability to give citizens access to information is made easier by
the usage of ICT. The government has established ICT-enabled services, such as
the registration of birth and death certificates, the purchase of train tickets, the
submission of RTI requests, etc.

.E-Governance Initiatives

Some of the Central initiatives for e-governance include:

 National e-Governance Plan (NeGP)

 National e-Governance Division (NeGD)
 e-Governance Infrastructure
 Mission Mode Projects
 Citizens Services
 Business Services
 Government Services
 Projects and Initiatives
  R&D in e-Governance
E-Governance Sites

[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

Online Shopping and Bill payments

An online shopping application allows customers to make purchases of goods over
the Internet. The customer can go to a number of websites to conduct online
purchasing.

Benefits of Online Shopping

Online shopping is useful in many situations. Here, we discuss some of the

situations :

 The customer does not have enough time to visit a store and purchase
goods.
 The store where you will get what you need may be very far off.
 The money spent in travelling to the store, parking the car, etc., is much
more than overhead if any in online shopping.
 The product you may require is not available at your market.
 You want to send a product to your friend; you can do online shopping and
provide the receiver’s address. You save your time and energy for delivery
of the product to your friend’s house located in a different city.
 You do not have time during the shopping hours. You can do online
shopping from your office, home, a friend’s place, anywhere, any time. Thus
there are no fixed shopping hours
 Online shopping also has bargain offers for the customer delight.
 Some online stores allow customers to rate their services and the items.
Educational Resources
Project Management – Web Based Application Development
The process of generating web apps is included in web based application
development.A software that is kept on a distant server is known as a web
application. It is accessible online and supplied via a web browser interface. A web
application could be of various types, such as a game, quiz, or calculator for bills.

A project is a task that is carried out to produce an original good, service, or

outcome. The following are some of a project’s essential qualities –

 A project has a beginning and an end. The extent of the project is defined.
It has boundaries.
 A project requires finite resources that are required to complete the project.
 A project has a specific time frame. It has a definite beginning and end dates.
 A project is complete when its end objectives are achieved. The objective is
specific and identifiable.
Project Essentials and Tips

Phases in a Web Application Project

Web-based application development can be broadly divided into four phases. In

the development

1) Requirements Definition Phase

2) Design Phase
3) Implementation Phase
4) Testing Phase

Requirement Definition Phase

In this phase we identify the problem statement for which the web application is to
be developed.

Feasibility : Is the project feasible?

(i) Check whether the project is technically feasible (is it possible to do it?).
(ii) Check whether the project is economically feasible (is it profitable?).
(iii) If feasible, proceed further, otherwise there is no need to proceed with the
project.

Scope : The focus is on “what” the application must do. To define the scope of
the application,
(i) Compile a detailed list with a clear description of application features.
(ii) Establish the goals that the solution must achieve.
(iii) Recognizing the limitations that are placed on the project.
Design Phase

The focus is on “how” the application is to be designed. This consists of design of

–

A Map of Web Application site – A site map for a web application comprises
crucial details about the site’s structure, including the pages and the connections
between them.

Database – Design the application database.

(i) Identify the database tables that will be required in the application.
(ii) Decide the table structures: For each table we need to identity the attributes of
the tables, their data types, the size of the columns in the tables, the relationship
between tables.

Page Structure – Design the structure of page. Identify the main sections of the
page like header, main content and sidebar.

Implementation Phase

Create backend database, frontend and the connectivity between them.

Backend Database – Create the database and write SQL code defining tables,
attributes and relationships, as per the requirement of the application.

Frontend – Identify the inputs that are required to be taken from the user in the
Front-End of the application. Decide the kind of buttons you will provide to the user,
to minimize the user’s typing effort, like, Radio buttons, checkbox, list and combo
box.

Data Connectivity – Establish the data connectivity between the Front-End

interface and Back-End Database.

Testing Phase

Test the front end and back end of the entire programme using various example
data sets. Find and fix any application bug you can.