(2 )\y) Essential

©, Vy Question
Why are algebraic
rules useful?

cs) Common Core

/ State Standards
Content Standards
WINSPs TANS XG, HABE, Heer
Mathematical Practices
Wj 2) 3)45 5; 7/

Math in the
Real World
Adventure Trips Travel
agencies book adventure trips
to exotic and exciting places all
over the world. The destination
might be snorkeling in Australia,
white-water rafting in Idaho, or
hiking to Machu Picchu. Algebraic
expressions can help agents plan
the details of these trips—costs,
number of people, length of trip,
and even unforeseen expenses.
Javier Pierini/Digital Vision/Getty Images
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

(Se) Interactive Study Guide

~Y See pages 145-148 for:
+ Chapter Preview
- Are You Ready?
+ Foldable Study Organizer

291
 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

Lesson 7-1

The\Distributive Property
ISG)) Interactive What You'll Learn
, ey Study Guide + Use the Distributive Property to write
|
See pages 149-150 for: equivalent numerical expressions.
* Getting Started + Use the Distributive Property to write
« Real-World Link equivalent algebraic expressions.
- Notes |
Real-World Link |
Entertainment The Newport Aquarium in
=, Essential Kentucky has acrylic tunnels that allow visitors
“25; Question
to walk underneath aquatic life. The cost of
Why are algebraic
admission is $23 per person. The aquarium also
rules useful?
offers Behind-the-Scenes Tours for $15 per person
and Penguin Encounters for $25 per person.
cess CommonCore —
“=~ State Standards
Content Standards
[Link].2, [Link].2c, [Link].1,
[Link].2
Numerical Expressions
Mathematical
Expressions are @quivalent expressions when they have the same value. Example 1
Practices
shows how the Distributive Property relates to equivalent expressions.
1,:374)5

[Vocab
i
| *

gs Vocabulary LCEa 2m Distributive Property

equivalent expressions —
Words To multiply a sum or difference by a number, multiply each term inside
Distributive Property
the parentheses by the number outside the parentheses.

Symbols a(b+c)=ab+ac a(b —c) =ab—ac

AA \A_A
Examples 5(6+7)=5-64+5-+7 (9—3)8=9-8—3-8
ah

Gare oe as aC
Use the Distributive Property to write each expression as an equivalent numeric
expression. Then evaluate the expression.
a. 5(12 + 4) b. (20 — 3)8.2

5(12+4)=5-12+5-4 (20 — 3)8.2 = 20: 8.2—3-+8.2

<4
sabeww| ANag/uoisia [eywGig/oo7 jei161q

= 60 + 20 Multiply. = 164 — 24.6 Multiply.

= 80 Add. = 139.4 Subtract.

Got [{? Do these problems to find out.

la. (6 + 3)4

292 Chapter7
 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

The Distributive Property allows you to find some products mentally. For example,
you can find 7 « 34 mentally by evaluating 7 « (30 + 4).
7-(30+4)=7+30+7-4

= 210 + 28 Think: 7 +30= 210

= 238 Think: 210 + 28 = 238

W.

( eS
Financial Literacy Ona school visit to Washington, D.C., Dichali and his class
visited the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Tickets to the
IMAX movie cost $8.99. Find the total cost for 20 students to see the IMAX movie.
You can use the Distributive Property and mental math to find the total cost for the
movie. To find the total cost mentally, find 20($9.00 — $0.01).
20($9.00 — $0.01) = 20($9.00) — 20($0.01) Distributive Property

= $180 — $0.20 Multiply.

= $179.80 Subtract.
So, the total cost is $179.80.
You can check your result by multiplying 20 « $9 to get $180. Since $180 is close to
$179.80, the answer is reasonable.

( Got It? Do these problems to find out.

2a. A spaghetti dinner at the Italian Village restaurant costs $10.25. Use the
Distributive Property and mental math to find the total cost of the dinner for
Sherita, her brother, and her parents.
2b. After dinner, they each order gelato for $1.50. What is the new total?

Algebraic Expressions
You can model the Distributive Property by using algebra tiles and variables.
Vocabulary Link
Distribute
E .

gta ees mee The model shows 2(x + 4). Separate the tiles into 2 groups
group ae There are 2 groups (x + 4). of x and 2 groups of 4.
Math Use a property
that allows you to
multiply each member
of asum by a number

The expressions 2(x + 4) and 2x + 8 are equivalent expressions because no matter

what the value of x is, these expressions have the same value.

Lesson 7-1 The Distributive Property 293

 Use the Distributive Property to write each expression as an equivalent
algebraic expression.
A Watch Out! a. 4(x
+ 5) b. (y + 10)6
Distributive Property A(x +5) =4x+4-5 (y+ 10)6=y-6+10-6
~ In Example 3a, remember
to distribute the 4 to = 4x + 20 Simplify. = 6y+ 60 Simplify.
both values inside the
parentheses.
( Got [#? Do these problems to find out.

3a. 2.4(a + 5) b. (b + 6)3

Tools | Tutor

cll had
iy i@)

Use the Distributive Property to write each expression as an equivalent

algebraic expression.
a. 3(m—4)
3(m — 4) = 3[m + (—4)] Rewritem — 4asm-+ (—4).

Sat =3+m+3-(—A4) Distributive Property

=3m-+(-12) Simplify.

=3m—12 Definition of subtraction

b. —9.5(n
— 7)
—9.5(n — 7) = —9.5[n + (—7)] Rewrite n — 7asn + (—/7).

= —9.5 -n+ (—9.5)(—7) Distributive Property

= —9.5n + 66.5 Simplify.

( Got It? Do these problems to find out.

2
4a. 3(d _ 3) 4b. —7(e — 4)

Guided |Practice
Use the Distributive Property to write each expression as an equivalent numeric
expression. Then evaluate the expression. (Example |)
1. 7(9 + 3) 2. 203 +5)
3. (7 + 8)2.2 4. (5 +6)8
5. You purchase 3 blue notebooks and 2 red notebooks. Each notebook costs $1.30. Use
mental math to find the total cost of the notebooks. Justify your answer by using the
Distributive Property. (Example2)

Use the Distributive Property to write each expression as an equivalent algebraic

expression. (Examples 3 and 4)
3
7. (p+4)5
8. —6(b — 5) 9. 9.5(a — 10)

294 Chapter7 Algebraic Expressions

 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

IndependentiPractice
Use the Distributive Property to write each expression as an equivalent numeric
expression. Then evaluate the expression. (ample 1)
10. —4(8 — 5) 11. 4.5(16 + 8) 12. (23 — 7)6

13. 12.3(9 + 4) 14. (6+ 18)4 15. 2 (20 — 4)

16. Martine bought two pairs of jeans that are on sale for $32.85 each. Use mental
math to find the total cost of the jeans. Justify your answer by using the
Distributive Property. (Example 2)
17. Financial Literacy Sarah charges $6.50 per hour to babysit. She babysat for
3 hours on Friday and 5 hours on Saturday. Write two equivalent expressions for
her total wages. Then find her total wages. (Example 2)

Use the Distributive Property to write each expression as an equivalent algebraic

expression. (Examples 3 and 4)
18. —7.4(10 +a) 519) S(t — 15) 20. 3.7(r—1)
21. (b+ 4)12 22. 5(x — 9) 23. s(n +4)
TE,
24. CESS Multiple Representations The volume of seed ina
bird feeder is represented by the equation V = 12(24 — h).
a. Symbols Use the Distributive Property to write 12(24 — h) ;
as an equivalent algebraic expression.
b. Table Make a table of ordered pairs (h, V).
c. Graph Graph the ordered pairs on the
coordinate plane.
d. Words Explain what happens to the volume
as the height increases.

=~
CESS Use Math Tools Find each product mentally. Justify your answer.
25. 8+ 22 26. 13 +39 / 27. 19-41

28. 29-13 29. 75-40 30. 95 - 38

Use the Distributive Property to write each expression as an equivalent numeric

expression. Then evaluate the expression. (Hint: 3 ; can be written as the sum 3 + +)

1 1
31. 455 32. 10 +55

2 2
33. 6-45 34. 25°14

35) Aiko uses 24 yards of fabric to make costumes for a play. Use the Distributive
Property to find how much fabric she will need if she makes 9 costumes.
36. Admission to Hersheypark Theme Park in Hershey, Pennsylvania, is $52.95 for
an adult and $31.95 for children. The Diego family has a coupon for $10 off each
admission ticket. Write an expression to find the cost for x adults and y children.

Lesson 7-1 The Distributive Property 295

eS wox Problems Higher Order Thinking )
y~
37. CESS Find the Error Julia is using the Distributive Property to simplify 3(x + 2).
Find her mistake and correct it.

} 3% +2) =3x +a

y~
38, CESS Persevere with Problems |s 3 + (x- y) = (3 + x) - (3 + y) a true statement?
If so, explain your reasoning. If not, give a counterexample.
39. Building on the Essential Question Explain how you can use the Distributive
Property and mental math to simplify 24 . at.

Standardized Test Practice )

40. Admission to a science museum is d dollars and 42. Which expression can be written as 7(c + d)?
a ticket for the 3-D movie is t dollars. Which
expression represents the total cost of admission A 7c+7d
and a movie forp people? B (7+0:(7+4d)

C p(d+t) C 7c +7d
A dtp
D dp+t) D (7+0+(7+4+d)
B p+ (dt)
43. Short Response A car rental company charges
41. Which expression represents the total area of the
$45 per day to rent a car. If you rent the car for
rectangles?
more than seven days, the cost will be reduced
x / by $10 per day.
2 Write an equation to show the total cost c of
7 renting a car for d days if you rent the car for
F24+x+74+24x+7 more than seven days.
G 2x+ 14
H 2x+7
J 14x

39) Common Core Review )

Find each sum or difference. Write in simplest form. [Link].1

44,—F 3.3.3
+5 45, gl—25-3
_2 241
46.242 47. 5
-55 +5fp

48. Jessica needs 53 yards of fabric to make a skirt and 14d yards to make a coat. How
much fabric does she need in all? [Link].3
49. Tate's flower garden has a perimeter of 25 feet. He plans to add 2 feet 9 inches to the
width and 3 feet 9 inches to the length. What is the new perimeter in feet? [Link].3

Evaluate each expression. [Link].2

50. —6h, if h = —20 51. —Ast, ifs = —9andt=3
X wo 108 . _
52. 5! ifx = —85 53. —™! ifm = —9

296 Need more practice? Download Extra Practice at [Link].

 Inquiry Lab
@

Simplifying Algebraic Expressions

quit) WHAT properties can you use to help simplify algebraic cs) Sendra
expressions? 7,EE.1
Mathematical
Practices
Online Shopping Mr. Adams is ordering art supplies from an online store. Paint 1,3
brushes cost $2 per brush plus $4 for shipping. Canvas panels cost $4 per panel plus $1
for shipping. Write and simplify an expression that represents the total cost to buy paint
brushes and canvas panels for a class with x students.
An algebraic expression is in simplest form when there are no like terms and no parentheses.

Investigation1
The expression 2x + 4 + 4x + 1 represents the situation above. Use algebra tiles to
simplify the expression.

Model the expression.

Group like tiles together.

So, the expression 6x + 5 represents the total cost to buy art supplies.

| GRA Collaborate
Work with a partner. Model and simplify each expression using algebra tiles.
1. 3x+4+x+3 2. 2x+3+2x+3
3. x+9+5x 4. 4x+1+2x+2+x

5. Annais training to run a marathon. She ran x miles on Monday and Tuesday, x + 3
miles on Wednesday, and twice as far on Thursday as she did on Wednesday. Write
an expression that represents the total distance Anna ran. Then model and simplify
the expression using algebra tiles.

[Link]-hill.:om Inquiry Lab Simplifying Algebraic Expressions 297

 Investigation2
Use algebra tiles to simplify x + 6 + 3x — 3.

Model the expression.

a cage ut
‘gag
” i

Group like tiles together. Then remove zero pairs.

af +
Ga
Ei]
UY SY
aan
3

So,x+6+3x-3=4x+3.

Ore Sens)
Work with a partner. Model and simplify each expression using algebra tiles.
6. 4x -—-14+2x+5 7. 3x+2x—-—4

8. 2x+2+2x-—2 9. x-—4+4+2x+3

10. 7x+4+3x+19 11. 9x + 9x — 12

fay Snelyze)
12. Arectangle has side lengths x + 2 and 3x — 1. Write an expression that represents
the perimeter of the rectangle. Then model and simplify the expression using
algebra tiles.
“ar
13. CESS Reason Inductively When you simplify an expression using algebra tiles,
what mathematical properties allow you to sort the algebra tiles by shape? Explain
your reasoning.

Re
14. CESS Justify Conclusions Explain the role of zero pairs when simplifying an
algebraic expression using algebra tiles. Use a mathematical property to justify
your answer.

fay Reflect
15. quit) WHAT properties can you use to help simplify algebraic expressions?

298 Chapter7 Algebraic Expressions

 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

Lesson 7-2

Simplifying/Algebraic\Expressions
(Se) Interactive What You’ll Learn
>» Study Guide
A
- Identify parts ofan algebraic expression.
See pages 151-152 for: - Use the Distributive Property to simplify algebraic expressions.
+» Getting Started
+ Vocabulary Start-Up
» Notes =
) Real-World Link
Recycling Two middle school classes are having a
competitive week-long recycling drive. At the end of the
Essontial week, whichever class collects more recyclables wins and }
(2d ; : j :
‘Z\ Question is treated to a pizza party! Algebraic expressions can be
Why ate algebraic rules used to represent the results of the drive.
useful?

¢GSg Common Core Parts of Algebraic Expressions

— State Standards
Content Standards When addition or subtraction signs separate an algebraic expression into parts, each
[Link].1, [Link].2 part is a term. The numerical part of a term that contains a variable is called the
Mathematical coefficient of the variable.
Practices
1,3,4,5,7 yeeeees prone wee{ This expression has four terms. ]

Vv yy Y
voce rr} +7 + ou 2
(23) Vocabulary
term [ the coefficient of x is 3. [ the coefficient of x is 1, because x = 1x. ]
coefficient
like torts In this chapter, we will work only with terms with an exponent of 1. In this case, like
ee neare terms are terms that contain the same variables, such as 2n and 5n or 6xy and 4xy. A
; term without a variable is called a constant.
simplest form
simplifying the [ Like terms } ~~ sitenaicaaastbns :
expression vy v
5y+3+2y
A

Example 1
Identify the like terms in the following expressions.
a. 3x + 4y + 4x
3x and 4x are like terms since the variables are the same.
b. 5x+3+7x+4
Nicole Hill/Rubberball/Getty Images

5x and 7x are like terms since the variables are the same. Constant terms 3 and 4
are also like terms.

Got If? Do this problem to find out.

1. Identify the like terms in the expression —4x + 2y + 3y + 2x.

[Link] Lesson 7-2 Simplifying Algebraic Expressions 299

 Rewriting a subtraction expression using addition will help you identify the terms of
an expression.
Tutor

Identify the terms, like terms, coefficients, and constants in the expression
6x —2y+x-—5.
6x — 2y+x—5=6x + (—2y) +x + (-5) Definition of subtraction
= 6x + (—2y) + 1x + (5) Identity Property

The terms are 6x, —2y, x, and —5. The like terms are 6x and x. The coefficients are
6, —2, and [Link] constant is —5.

( Got [{? Do this problem to find out.

2. Identify the terms, like terms, coefficients, and constants in the expression
3n+5m—6m + 2.

Simplify Algebraic Expressions

An algebraic expression is in simplest form if it has no like terms and no parentheses.
When you use the Distributive Property to combine like terms, you are simplifying

Tutor

Simplify each expression.

a. 4x+6+ 2x
4Ax+6+2x=4x+2x+6 Commutative Property
=(44+2)x+6 Distributive Property
=6x+6 Simplify.
b. 5n+2—n—-6
5n+2—n—6=5n+2+(-n) + (6) Definition of Subtraction
=5n+2+(-1n) + (-6) Identity Property
=5n+ (-In) + 2 + (-6) Commutative Property
= [5+ (-1)]|n +2 + (6) Distributive Property
= 4n + (-4) or 4n — 4 Simplify.

LN Watch Out! c. 6y — 3(x — 2y)

Distributive Property In 6y — 3(x — 2y) = 6y + (3)[k + 2y)] Definition of Subtraction

if dae aha eyttantey Sin

Example 3c, remember = 6y + 3x) + 63 +-2)y Distributive Property

parentheses. = 6y + 6y + (3x) Commutative Property

= (6 + 6)y + (3x) Distributive Property
= 12y + (3x) or 12y — 3x Simplify.

(Got [f? Do these problems to find out.

3a. 4x + 6 — 3x 3b. 2M +3—7m—4 3c. 4(q + 8p)+p

300 Chapter7 Algebraic Expressions

 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

ol Wo,

© iar

Financial Literacy You have some money in a savings account. Your sister has
$25 more than you have in her account. Write an expression in simplest form
that represents the total amount of money in both accounts.

Word amount of your money plus amount of your sister's money

Variable Let x = amount of your money.

. Letx + 25 = amount of your sister's money.

Expression xX + (x + 25)

X+(x+25) = (x +x) +25 Associative Property

= (1x + 1x) + 25 Identity Property

=(1+1)x+ 25 Distributive Property

=2x+25 Simplify.

The expression 2x + 25 represents the total amount of money you and your sister
have in your accounts.

( Got If? Do these problems to find out.

4a. Mato and Lola both collect stamps. Lola has 16 more stamps in her collection
than Mato. Write an expression in simplest form that represents the total number
of stamps in both collections.
Ab. Derek has as many stamps as Mato. Write an expression to represent the total of
all 3 collections.

Guided|Practice
Identify the terms, like terms, coefficients, and constants in each expression.
(Examples 1 and 2)

1. —2a+ 3a+5b 2. 2x+3x+4+4x

3. mn+4m+6n+2mn 4. 3a+5b+4+6a

5. 3x + 4x + 5y 6. —4p—6q-—5

Simplify each expression. (Example 3)

7. 6X + 2x + 3 8. —2a+3a+6

9. 7x +4—5x-—8 10. 5d—2-—3a+7

11. —3(m—1)+4m+2 12. 4a — 6 — 2(a — 1)

13. Marena is using a certain number of blue beads in a bracelet design. She will
use 7 more red beads than blue beads. Write an expression in simplest form that
represents the total number of beads in her bracelet design. (Example 4)
14. Kyung bought 3 CDs that cost x dollars each, 2 DVDs that cost $10 each; and a book
that cost $15. Write an expression in simplest form that represents the total amount
that Kyung spent. (Example 4)

Lesson 7-2 Simplifying Algebraic Expressions 301

Independent)Practice
Identify the terms, like terms, coefficients, and constants in each expression. (Examples | and 2)
15. 3a+2+3a+7 16. 4m+3+m+1
17. 3c+4d+5c+8 18. 77+ 11jk+k+9
19. 4x + 4y+4z+4 20. 3m +3n+2p+4r

Simplify each expression. (Example3)

21. 4a
+ 3a 22. 9x
+ 2x

23. —5m+m+5 24. 6x—x+3

25.7p+3+4p+5 26. 2a+4+2a+9

27. 4q— 3b — 7a—3b 28. —x — 2y — 8x — 2y

29. x + 5(6
+ x) 30. 2a + 3(2 + a)
31. —3(6
— 2r) — 3r 32. —2(2x — 5) — 4x

For each situation, write an expression in simplest form that represents the
total amount. (Example 4)
33) Mateo has y pairs of shoes. His brother has 5 fewer pairs.
34. You used p minutes one month on your cell phone. The next month you used
75 fewer minutes.
35. Nathan scored x points in his first basketball game. He scored three times as many
points in his second game. In his third game, he scored 6 more than the second game.
36. On Monday, Rebekah spent d dollars on lunch. She spent $0.50 more on Tuesday than
she did on Monday. On Wednesday, she spent twice as much as she did on Tuesday.

Simplify each expression.

37. 2(x — y) + 3x 38. —3(a — 2b) — 4b

39. —4(3m + 2n) —5m+y 40. 2(6a + 3b) — 4(a — 2b)

41. Hm + 2n)— +(3m — 3n) 42. 2(x — y) — (x+y)

43. 2(2a — b) + 2(a + 26) 44, —3(3x + 2y) - 3x —3y)

ae
45. CESS Use Math Tools Write an expression to represent each model. Then simplify the
expression using algebra tiles.

- oe Tb
Gl Gi a HEY |

epee ||
EB] El)
c. Use algebra tiles to write and simplify your own expression.

302 Chapter7 Algebraic Expressions

 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

a, . . . 2
46. CESS Multiple Representations In this problem, you will x
investigate the perimeter of a rectangle. Consider a rectangle
that has a length that is twice its width.
a. Table Make a table that shows the width of a rectangle and
its perimeter for widths of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 units.
b. Graph Graph the ordered pairs (width, perimeter).
c. Symbols Write an expression in simplest form for the perimeter of the
rectangle.
d. Words If you double the value of x, what happens to the perimeter? Justify
your reasoning.

Write an expression in simplest form for the perimeter of each rectangle.

47. u 48. i=
3m+2
2c
4m —1

c—4

Simplify. Identify the properties you used in each step of your calculation.
YF 16 - (-31) + 16-32 50. 72(38) + (—72)(18)
51. 24+ (—15) + 36°15 52. 22(—18) — 22(24)

53. This year Ana’s mother is 2 years more than 3 times Ana’s age. Write an expression in
simplest form for the total of their ages.

eb H.O.T. Problems Higher Order Thinking )

PAA
54. CESS Identify Structure Write an expression containing at least 2 unlike terms.
Then simplify the expression.

55. (Ess Persevere with Problems Simplify (2 + x)(y +5).

a~
56. GOSS Justify Conclusions Classify the following statement as sometimes, always,
or never true. Explain your reasoning to a classmate.
When using the Distributive Property, if the term outside the parentheses is negative,
then the sign of each term inside the parentheses will change.
y_-
57. CESS Which One Doesn't Belong? Identify the algebraic expression that does not
belong with the other three. Explain your reasoning.

[ —6(x — Af ] | x + 12 — 7x | [ —x — 5x + 1d | [ —bx — 1k ]

58. (ess Persevere with Problems Ina three-digit number, the second and third
digits are the same. The first digit is 4 more than the sum of the second and third
digits. Write an expression in simplest form for the total sum of all three digits.

59. ©) Building on the Essential Question Suppose your friend simplifies 4x — 2(x + 5)
as 2x + 10. Identify the error and correct it.

Lesson 7-2 Simplifying Algebraic Expressions 303

 Standardized Test Practice )
60. The perimeter of A DEF is 4x + 3y. What is the | 62. Adriana spent m minutes on her homework on
measure of the third side of the triangle? Monday. She spent 45 more minutes doing her
D homework on Tuesday than on Monday. Which
expression represents the total amount of time
5x—3y xt 4y she spent on her homework on Monday and
Tuesday?
F E
Am+45
A —2x
+ 2y C x-y
Bm-—45
B 2x + 2y D —x+2y C 2m+45

61. Which of the following expressions is equivalent D 2m—45

to 4x + 4y?
63. Short Response Simplify the following
F Axy H 4x+y expression.
G A(x + y) Jx+4y
7(3a — 2b) + 5b — 3(4a + 2)

Common Core Review

Use the Distributive Property to write each expression as an equivalent expression. [Link].1
64 . 8(z — 3) 65. (a — 6)(—5) 66. 15(s + 2)

67 . The table shows the cost of different items at a movie

theater. Write two equivalent expressions for the total
cost of four movie tickets and four boxes of popcorn. ticket
Then find the total cost. [Link].1
small popcorn 3.00
68. Simon has 1— a4 cups of margarine. He needs 4 cup for small drink 2.50
a cake and another + cup for the icing. How much
candy bar 1.75
margarine will he have left? [Link].3

Write two inequalities using the number pairs. Use the symbols < or >. [Link].7
69 . —6and —2 70. —10 and —13
71 . Oand —9 72. |—11|and|—7|
73 . 115 ;and|18] 74. |—12|and|14|

Find the value of each expression if a= 6 and b= 7. 7.££.3

4b + 3a 6a — 2ab 3(4a — 3b)
= ar 7.

Find each sum or difference. [Link].1

78. —21-—6 79. 62 — (—12) 80. —32 + 26
Aweyy/1SiNH ‘G

Find each product or quotient. [Link].2

81. —4-18 82. —98 + (—7) 83. 7+ (—8)

304 Need more practice? Download Extra Practice at [Link].

 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

Lesson 7-3

AddingiLinearJExpressions
(se) Interactive What You'll Learn
=D study Gide « Add linear expressions.
See pages 153-154 for: « Find perimeter by adding linear expressions.
+ Getting Started Ks
+ Real-World Link ®&) }
+ Notes “Y/ Real-World Link
Engineering A trebuchet is a medieval
_ Catapult that was used to hurl large stones
y Essential _ and other projectiles at castle walls. Building
24| Question - amodel trebuchet requires knowledge of
Why are algebraic _ science, math, and engineering. If done
rules useful? successfully, a model can launch a clay ball
thirty feet or farther!

ESS) Common Core

27 State Standards
Seca Add Linear Expressions
Mathematical | A linear expression is an algebraic expression in which the variable is raised to the
oe ee _ first power. You can use models to add linear expressions.

Tools | Tutor
vt Example 1 co
“23| Vocabulary '
linear expression _ Add. Use models if needed.
a. (3x + 4) + (2x + 1)

Model each linear expression.

Combine the tiles that have the same shape.

3x

(3x + 4) + (2x+1)=5x4+5

b. (—4x + 2) + (—2x + 2)
—4x + 2
+ —2x+2 Arrange like terms in columns.
—6x+ 4 Add.
So, (—4x + 2) + (—2x + 2) = —6x + 4.
Ingram Publishing/Alamy

| Got [{? Do these problems to find out.

Ta. (x — 3) + (x — 4) 1b. (—x + 1) + (—3x)

[Link] Lesson 7-3 Adding Linear Expressions 305

 CO
Tools } Tutor

Add (3x + 2) + (—x + 4).

Zero Pairs Model the linear expressions.

Remember that a zero
fa] ai] fal
pair is one positive and
one negative tile of
the same unit. Since zal i
3x +2 +(-xy+ 4
1 + (—1) = 0, you can
remove zero pairs Group tiles with the same shape. Then remove any zero pairs.
without affecting the
value of the expression.

3x + (—x) + 2+ 4

So, (3x + 2) + (—x + 4)=2x+6.

( Got It? Do these problems to find out.

Add. Use models if needed.

2a. (—2x + 4) + (8x — 4) 2b. (—4x — 1) + (5x— 3)

Linear expressions can be used to find perimeter.

Tutor

The lengths of the sides of golden rectangles are in the

ratio 1:1.62. So, the length of a golden rectangle is
approximately 1.62 times greater than its width. x
a. Write and simplify a linear expression for
the perimeter of a golden rectangle. Loge
P=2€+ 2w Formula for the perimeter of a rectangle
P = 2(1.62x) + 2x Replace 2 with 1.62x and w with x.
P = 3.24x + 2x or 5.24x Simplify.
The formula is P = 5.24x, where x is the measure of the width.

b. Find the perimeter of a golden rectangle if its width is 8.3 centimeters.

P= 5,24x Perimeter of a golden rectangle
= 5.24(8.3) or 43.492 Replace x with 8.3 and simplify.
The perimeter of the golden rectangle is 43.492 centimeters.

( Got If? Do these problems to find out.

3. Arectangle has side lengths of (5x — 1) units and (2x + 1) units.

a. Write and simplify a linear expression for the perimeter of the rectangle.
b. Find the perimeter of the rectangle if the value of x is 5.4 units.

306 Chapter7 Algebraic Expressions

 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

Guided|Practice
Add. Use models if needed. (Examples 1 and 2)
1. (x +5) + (2x + 3) 2. (—4x + 3) + (—5x + 2)
3. (x + 6) + (—2x + 4) 4. (—7x + 2) + (x +4)
5. Use the figure at the right. (Example3) x+5
a. Write and simplify a linear expression for the perimeter of the figure. a x22
b. Find the perimeter of the figure if x = 4. x

eHelp
IndependentiPractice
Add. Use models if needed. (Examples 1 and 2)
6. (7x +5) + (x +2) 1h (=x + 3) + (—5x +6)
8. (—7x +1) + (—x+2) 9. (5x + 4) + (—9x + 5)
10. (—2x + 1) + (2x + 10) 11. (x— 1) +(x +1)

For each of the figures, write and simplify a linear expression for the perimeter
of the figure. Then find the perimeter of each figure if x = 0.8. (Example 3)
12. 13. (5x
+ 1) in
J
(9x — 4) cm (2X+ 3) cm (4x — 1) in

C1 Bl
(9x — 4) cm
14. The angle measures of a triangle are (x + 15)°, (2x — 20)°, and 2x°. What are the
actual angle measures of the triangle?
Le
S155 CESS Reason Abstractly Anna and Cole each earn x cents per newspaper that
they deliver, plus tips. Anna delivered 55 newspapers and earned $12 in tips.
Cole delivered 68 newspapers and earned $15 in tips.

a. Write a linear expression to represent Anna’s total earnings.

b. Write a linear expression to represent Cole's total earnings.
c. Write a linear expression to represent their total earnings.

Add. ~~
16. (sty —2)2 + (—px+
1
15) + (-19x
3
+2)5 + 40
17. (2a—b+4)+(—-a
+ 3b — 6)

es H.O.T. Problems Higher Order Thinking J

Py
18. CESS Identify Structure Write two linear expressions that have a sum of 3x — 8

19. (ess Persevere with Problems What linear expression would you add to
—Ay + 2 to havea sum of y?

20. = Justify Conclusions Explain how algebra tiles represent like terms and zero pairs.

21. re) Building on the Essential Question Explain how to add linear expressions
without using numbers in your explanation.

Lesson 7-3 Adding Linear Expressions 307

 ' Standardized Test Practice )

| 24. Short Response Write and simplify a linear

expression for the perimeter of the triangle.

C -—5x+5 || ' x41

D —5x+11

|
23. Keisha makes and sells x baskets at her shop. The 4x — 3
expression 9x — 2 represents the profit she 25. Jin and Henry earn x dollars plus tips for each
made on Monday, and the expression 6x + 5 lawn they mow. The expression 4x + 15
represents the profit she made on Tuesday. represents Jin’s earnings, and 3x + 10 represents
Which expression represents the total profit Henry’s earnings. How much did they earn in all
Keisha made on Monday and Tuesday? if x = $20?
F 15x+3 H 3x+3 A $140 C $155
G 15x—-3 J 3x-3 B $150 D $165

(Gs) Common Core Review eS

Express each ratio as a fraction in simplest form. [Link].1

26. 12 cheetahs to 18 lions 27. 15 apples to 30 oranges

28. 14 out of 30 whales 29. 5 lilies to 25 daffodils

30. 9 sheep to 15 goats 31. 4 boats to 16 cars

Find each square root or cube root. 8.£E.2

32. V121 33. +49
34, \/216 35. 64
36. —V225 37, V—512

38. Tara is making salt dough for a craft project. She uses 3 cups of salt to 4 cups of
flour to make the dough. If she uses 9 cups of flour, how many cups of salt should
she use? [Link].3
39. Joaquin bought a $120 jacket for a discount of 15%. If tax is 7%, what is the total
cost of the jacket? [Link].3

Simplify each expression. [Link].1

40. —3a+4b+
9a — 6b 41. 2x + 5(3 — x)

42. 23y +8 —3y—10 43. 2,—12(4)-%

2 1 4
7
2 2 9 3 (se) Interactive
44, 2 + 0.7z — 2(-5) + 0.3z 45. 2m+14-1im-32 &3» Study Guide
See page 155 for:
46. 4y + 5(5 — y) —20 + dy 47. 5(3 — x) — (6x + 11) : Mid. Chapter Check

308 Need more practice? Download Extra Practice at [Link].

 : hb. ae 2 eS 8 an WE

esign
S Engineering
© eG

Roller Coaster Designer

If you have a passion for amusement parks, a great
imagination, and enjoy building things, you might want
to consider a career in roller coaster design. Roller coaster
designers combine creativity, engineering, mathematics,
and physics to develop rides that are both exciting and
safe. In order to analyze data and make precise
calculations, a roller coaster designer must have a solid
background in high school math and science.

—
See
qaue® PEPEERI ECE,

College
»» & Career
READINESS
L

ccrmcgraw-ni

Is This the Career

(b)imac/Alamy

for You?
Are you interested in a career as
».

a roller coaster designer? Take

some of the following courses in
high school to get you started in
the right direction.
¢ Algebra ¢ Calculus
¢ Geometry ¢ Physics
¢ Trigonometry
Find out how math relates to a
career in Design Engineering.

aN Interactive Study Guide

—V See page 156 for:
+ Problem Solving
- Career Project

309
 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

Lesson 7-4

Subtracting /LinearJExpressions
sh

ISG) interactive What You'll Learn

& > Study Guide
* Subtract linear expressions.
See pages 157-158 for: | - Solve real-world problems by
+ Getting Started subtracting linear expressions.
¢ Real-World Link ae i F
« Notes }
Real-World Link >
Lacrosse Middle school girls
play a modified version of women’s lacrosse to
(2 Essential
help them acquire good ball-handling skills as
“25; Question
they are learning the sport. Some of the
Why are algebraic
statistics that are tracked in lacrosse include
rules useful?
number of goals and number of assists.

«ess Common Core

“s2/ State Standards
Content Standards | Subtract Linear/Expressions
ZEA

Mathematical When subtracting linear expressions, subtract like terms. As with adding linear
Practices expressions, you can use models and zero pairs if needed.
1, 3,47

(Crampet ee lee
Tools | Tutor

Subtract. Use models if needed.

a. (5x + 4) — (3x+ 2)

/ Model the linear expression 5x + 4.

To subtract 3x + 2, remove three x-tiles and two 1-tiles.
Then write the linear expression for the remaining tiles.

So, (5x + 4) — (3x + 2) = 2x + 2.

b. —4x — 6 — (—x — 3)

Arrange like terms in columns.

Each term is subtracted.
—4x — 6 —4x— 6
— -x-3 — + ets
sabe) ANay/equaqqny/Aajieg uely

—3x—3
So, (—4x — 6 )— (—x — 3) = —3x — 3.

( Got If? Do these problems to find out.

la. (7x — 5) — (2x — 1) 1b. (6x — 4) — (2x — 4)

310 Chapter7
 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

CG
Watch] Tools | Tutor

Find (3x + 2) — (—2x + 1).

Model the linear expression 3x + 2.

Ea)
3x + 2

Since there are no negative

x-tiles to remove, add 2 zero
Gee -
© pairs of x-tiles.

teeta
zero pairs

” ¥ mi a i Remove 2 negative x-tiles and

ileal |bedied! pal bal ba one 1-tile.

So, (3x
+ 2) — (—2x + 1) =5x+ 1.

( Got [{? Do these problems to find out.

2a. Find (x — 5) — (2x — 1). 2b. Find (6m + 3) — (—4m — 1).

Solve Problems with Linear, Expressions

You can solve real-world problems by subtracting linear expressions.

oh Wo,

(a ere

The expression 8x + 48.75 represents the total amount of money the soccer
aN Watch Out! team earned from selling x T-shirts.
_ When subtracting a. If the team had to pay (2x + 24) dollars in expenses, write an expression to
(2x + 24), subtract both represent their profit.
2x and 24, which is
Total — Expenses = (8x + 48.75) — (2x + 24) — Subtract.
written as —2x — 24.
= 8x + 48.75 — 2x — 24 Distributive Property
= 6x + 24.75 Simplify.
b. If the soccer team sold 54 T-shirts, what was their profit?

6x + 24.75 = 6(54) + 24.75 Replace x with 54.

= 324 + 24.75 or 348.75 Simplify.
So, the soccer team made $348.75 profit.

{ Got If? Do this problem to find out.

3. After working x hours on Monday, Kay earns 9x dollars. On Tuesday, she earns
(7x + 3) dollars.
a. Write an expression to represent how much more she earned on Monday.
b. If she worked for 5 hours each day, how much more did she earn on Monday?

Lesson 7-4 Subtracting Linear Expressions 311

 Check
Guided/Practice
Subtract. Use models if needed. (Examples 1 and 2)
1. (6x +5) — (3x + 1) 2. (—4x + 2) — (—2x+1)

3. (9x — 4) — (—2x + 1) 4. (2x + 7) — (x + 1)

5. The cost of shipping an item that weighs x pounds from Charlotte to Chicago is
shown in the table. (Example3)

Mid-Atlantic Service 3x + 1.25

a. Write an expression to represent how much more Atlas charges than Mid-Atlantic
for shipping an item.
b. If an item weighs 2 pounds, how much more does Atlas charge for shipping it?

Independent)Practice
Subtract. Use models if needed. (Examples 1 and 2)
6. (3x +7) — (x +5) 7. (—4x + 3) — (—x—4)
8. (8x — 9) — (3x — 1) OF 3x +7) —-2)
10. (5x +6) — (2x +5) 11. (x +5) — (2x +3)
~~
12. CESS Model with Mathematics The expression 5.5x + 2 represents the number
of miles Celeste rode her bike, and 10x represents the number of miles that Kimiko
rode her bike, in x hours. (Example 3)

a. Write an expression to show how many more miles Kimiko rode than Celeste.
b. If they each rode for 2 hours, how many more miles did Kimiko ride?

1135 Evan plans to download x songs from a music site on the Internet. The expression
1.29x represents the cost at Web site A, and 0.25x + 25 represents the cost at
Web site B. How much more will Evan pay at Web site A than Web site B if he
downloads an average of 30 songs per month?

14. The expression Sax + 6 represents the perimeter of the rectangle shown.
Write an expression that represents the length of the rectangle. qx 2

eb H.O.T. Problems Higher Order Thinking J

~
15. CESS Identify Structure Write two linear expressions that have a difference
of 4x + 1.
PAY
Awuejy/sabetuy 301s W0>

16. GOSS Persevere with Problems Suppose A and B represent linear expressions.
IfA + B= 2x —2andA — B= 4x — 8, find A and B.

17. Building on the Essential Question Explain how you can use a rule for
subtracting integers to help subtract linear expressions.

312 Chapter7 Algebraic Expressions

 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

ff Sandordizea Test Practice i

18. Subtract. | 20. The length of a rectangle is 7x — 4. The width

| of the rectangle is 5x + 1. Which expression
(384) — 7x 6) represents the difference between the length
A —10x —2 and the width of the rectangle?
B —10x
+ 10 | A 2x —3
|
C 4x—2 | B 2x+3
D 4x +10 C2x—5

19. Jorge bought x tickets to attend a football D2x+>5

game and a baseball game. The expression }
/ 21. The i 2
8x + 62 represents the total cost of the football | snarl Reapanes expression 3x + .
\ represents the number of miles Emma walked in
game, and 9x + 34 represents the total cost of
tHe baseball game, Howmuch moredid the x hours. Lea walked 4x — 1 miles in x hours. Write
football game cost if Jorge bought 7 tickets | an expression that represents how much farther
Lea walked than Emma.
for each game?
F $35 H $11 |
G $21 J $7

() Common Core Review 3)

Solve each problem. [Link].2 Y

22. What is 15% of 80? 23. 46 is what percent of 115?
24. 5 is 4% of what number? 25. Find 15% of 325.
26. 17 is what percent of 20? 27. 14 is 20% of what number?

Use the Distributive Property to write each expression as an equivalent expression. [Link].1
28. 6(n — 3)
29. (w + 9)8

30. —7(a + 5)

31. —4(—b — 2)

32. There are 21 birds at a bird sanctuary, 9 of which are parrots. Write the ratio of parrots to
total birds as a fraction in simplest form. [Link].1
33. In a survey about favorite movies, 54 out of 120 people preferred comedies. What percent
of the people in the survey preferred comedies? [Link].3
34, The temperature in Bismarck, North Dakota, is 13°F at 9 a.m. It is —3°F at 1 p.m. What is the
difference in temperature between 9 A.m. and 1 P.M.? [Link].3

Evaluate each expression if a= 8, b = —4, andc = —15. [Link].2a

35.a+c 36. bc 37. 2a+5b

38. abc 39. 3ac—b 40. b(a+c)

41. ab+c 42. 4(a — b) 43. 3b—5c

Need more practice? Download Extra Practice at [Link]. 313

 Inquiry Lab
e

Factoring Linear Expressions

Cinquit) WHAT is an advantage of using algebra tiles to factor ctss) Sandan

A
linear expressions? [Link].1
Mathematical
Practices
Design Joaquin is designing a rectangular banner with an area of (2x + 8) feet. What are 1,3
possible dimensions of the banner?
You can factor the expression to find possible dimensions of the banner. To factor an
expression means to write it as a product of its factors.

Investigation1
Use algebra tiles to factor 2x + 8.

Model the expression 2x + 8.

eg
aaa
Arrange the tiles into a rectangle.

The total area of the tiles represents the product,

2x + 8. The length and width of the rectangle
represent the factors, 2 and x + 4.

So, 2X + 8 = 2(x
+ 4).

The possible dimensions of the banner are 2 feet by (x + 4) feet.

Wo SD
Work with a partner. Factor each expression using algebra tiles.
1. 3x+6 2. 5x+15
3. 4x
+ 10 4. 6x
+ 14

QO
DS
5. Nabuko says 4(x + 5) and 4x + 5 are equivalent expressions. Explain whether
Nabuko is correct.
6. The total cost to play miniature golf can be represented by the expression (9x + 15)
dollars. If Elliot and two friends split the cost equally, what is the cost for each friend?
Explain how you can use algebra tiles to show that your answer is correct.
ya
7. CESS Justify Conclusions A painting has an area of (4x + 12) inches. Possible
dimensions are 4 inches by (x + 3) inches. Are there other possible dimensions?
Justify your answer using algebra tiles.

314 Chapter 7 Algebraic Expressions

 Investigation 2
Use algebra tiles to factor 3x — 9.

Model the expression 3x — 9.

The rectangle has a width of 3 and a length of x — 3.

So, 3X — 9 = 3(x — 3)

LY
Work with a partner. Factor each expression using algebra tiles.
8. 2x —4 9. 5x— 10
10. 4x
— 14 11. 6x—15

2 See
Factor each expression.
12. 9x
— 27 13. 10x
— 35

14. Jacqui and three friends went to the [Link] total cost of their admission and
snacks can be represented by the expression (8y + 52). If they split the cost equally,
what does each one pay?
15. Explain how you can use the Distributive Property to check that 3(x — 3) is the
factored form of 3x — 9.
ym
16. CESS Justify Conclusions Can the linear expression 2x — 3 be factored? Support
your answer using algebra tiles.
Ce

17. CESS Reason Inductively Explain why algebra tiles can be used to determine
whether an expression can be factored. Give examples.

a
18. dénquit WHAT is an advantage of using algebra tiles to factor linear expressions?

Inquiry Lab Factoring Linear Expressions 315

 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

Lesson 7-5

FactoringiLinear, Expressions
(Se) Interactive What You'll Learn
> Study Guide
- Find the greatest common factor
See pages 159-160 for: of two monomiials.
* Getting Started - Use properties to factor linear
+ Real-World Link
expressions.
+ Notes

Real-World Link
72> Essential Marching Band Band directors create
‘24, Question geometrical formations that are eye-catching
Why are algebraic
and exciting but still follow the rhythm
rules useful? and feel of the music. Graph paper is used
to draw formations, with different colored ink
representing different sections of the band.
es . Common Core
L°? State Standards.
Content Standards
[Link].1

Mathematical
Practices
I Peay Ze7/
Find ‘the GCF /of, Monomials
To factor a number means to write it as a product of its factors. A monomial can be
m=
[2se} Vocabulary factored using the same method you would use to factor a number. The greatest
common factor (GCF) of two monomials is the greatest monomial that is a factor
factor
of both.
factored form

Example 1
—— —— = fel

Find the GCF of each pair of monomials.

a. 4x, 12x

SHES Write the prime factorization of4x and 12x.

Circle the common factors.

The GCF of 4x and 12x is2°2°xorAx.

b. 18a, 20ab

18d =/2\*3+3-> Write the prime factorization of 18a and 20ab.

20ab =\2)* 25 ela}: b Circle the common factors.

sabew| AYa9/IsIpoyoyg/soipnys parenbs >

The GCF of 18a and 20ab is 2 * aor 2a.

Got If? Do these problems to find out.

Find the GCF of each pair of monomials.

Ta. 12, 28c 1b. 25x, 15xy 1c. 42mn, 14mn

316 Chapter7
 Factor Linear Expressions
You can use the Distributive Property and the work backward strategy to express
an algebraic expression as a product of its factors. An algebraic expression is in
factored form when it is expressed as the product of its factors.
8x + 4 = 4(2x) + 4(1) The GCF of 8x and 4 is 4.
= 4(2x + 1) Distributive Property

Tutor

Factor each expression.

a. 3x+9

Use a model.

Bugess
al Bal be | fai] fa] fa] Model 3x
+ 9.

aw
xX+3
|____——_~

Arrange the tiles into equal rows and columns.

The rectangle has a width of three 1-tiles, or 3, and
a length of one x-tile and three 1-tiles, or x + 3.

So, 3x + 9 = 3(x+ 3).

Use the GCF.

3x ty x Write the prime factorization of 3x and 9.

9 =\3)- 3 Circle the common factors.

The GCF of 3x and 9 is 3. Write each term as a product of the GCF and its
remaining factors.
3x + 9 = 3(x) + 3(3)

F = 3(x + 3) Distributive Property

Factoring
Expressions So, 3x + 9 = 3(x + 3).
Use algebra tiles to
model the expression in b. 12x+7
JAnnGb [Link]
Example Since Ihe
you :
Find the GCF of 12x and 7.
tiles to makea rectangle, 12x =2+2+3+x
the expression cannot _
be factored. rate?
There are no common factors, so 12x + 7 cannot be factored.

( Got It? Do these problems to find out.

Factor each expression. If the expression cannot be factored, write cannot be

factored. Use algebra tiles if needed.
2a. 4x + 28 2b. 3 + 33x 2c. 4x + 35

Lesson 7-5 Factoring Linear Expressions 317

 \ WV,

(ia
ag
The garden at the right has a total area of (15x + 18)
7
square feet. Find possible dimensions of the garden. Ales Ean,
Bee

an
we S
Factor 15x + 18.

15x A3\ 5 +x Write the prime factorization of 15x and 18.

° 3 Circle the common factors.

The GCF of 15x and 18 is 3. Write each term as a product of the GCF and its
remaining factors.
15x + 18 = 3(5x) + 3(6)
= 3(5x + 6) Distributive Property

So, the dimensions of the garden are 3 feet and (5x + 6) feet.
Check Find the product of 3 and 5x + 6. 3(5x + 6) = 15x + 18 Vv

‘Got [f? Do these problems to find out.

3a. Financial Literacy The Reyes family has saved $480 as a down payment for a new
television. If x is the monthly payment for one year, the expression $12x + $480
represents the total cost of the television. Factor $12x + $480.
3b. Jesse wants to put down $100 toward a new computer and will pay it off in
six months. If y is the monthly payment, what expression represents the
total price?

Guided|Practice
Find the GCF of each pair of monomials. (Example1)
1. 32x, 18 2. 15y, 25 3. 45a, 20a

4. 16b, 12b 5. 42s, 285 6. 56g, 84gh

7. 275, 54st 8. 18cd, 30cd 9. 22mn, 11kmn

Factor each expression. If the expression cannot be factored, write cannot be

factored. Use algebra tiles if needed. (Example 2)
10. 36x
+ 24 11. 6+ 3x 12. 4x+9
13. 13x +21 14. 2x—4 15. 14x
— 16
16. 12
+ 18x 17. 24
+ 32x 18. 15x+8

19. Mr. Phen’s monthly income can be represented by the expression 25x + 120, where
x is the number of hours worked. Factor the expression 25x + 120. (Example3)

20. The area of a high school basketball court is (50x — 300) square feet.
Factor 50x — 300 to find possible dimensions of the basketball court. (Example3)

318 Chapter 7 Algebraic Expressions

 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

independent Practice Gamewrse oscar ff

eHelp

Find the GCF of each pair of monomials. (Example 1)

21. 24,48m 22. 63p, 84 23. 40x, 60x

24. 32a, 48b 25. 30rs, 42rs 26. 54gh, 72g

27. 36k, 144km 28. 60jk, 45jkm 29. 100xy, 75xyz

Factor each expression. If the expression cannot be factored, write cannot be factored.
Use algebra tiles if needed. (Example2)
30. 3x +9 4 5x45 32. 10x
— 35
33. 2x —15 34, 4x—7 35. 32+ 24x
36. 12+ 30x 37. 18x +6 38. 30x— 40

39. The area of a rectangle is (4x — 8) square units. Factor 4x — 8 to find possible dimensions
of the rectangle. (Example3)
40. James has $120 in his savings account and plans to save $x each month for 6 months.
The expression $6x + $120 represents the total amount in the account after 6 months.
Factor the expression 6x + 120. (Example 3)

Write an expression in factored form to represent the total area of each rectangle.
41. 42. 43.

44, A square scrapbooking page has a perimeter of (8x + 20) inches. What is the length
of one side of the page?
45) Six friends visited a museum to see the new holograms exhibit. The group paid for
admission to the museum and $12 for parking. The total cost of the visit can be
represented by the expression $6x + $12. What was the cost of the visit for one
person?
en,
46. SS Reason Abstractly The diagram represents
a flower border that is 3 feet wide surrounding a
rectangular sitting area. Write an expression in
factored form that represents the area of the
flower border.

is

Write an expression in factored form that is equivalent to the given expression.

1 2
47. ax +4 48. 3x +6

49. =xBy — 24 50. ag

2x — 30

Lesson 7-5 Factoring Linear Expressions 319

es H.O.T. Problems Higher Order Thinking
La
51. CESS) identify Structure Write two monomials whose greatest common factor is 4m.
a
52. CCSs Find the Error Enrique is factoring 90x — 15. Find his mistake and correct it.

90x -15 = 15(6x)

= 70x

53. Building on the Essential Question Explain how the GCF is used to factor an
expression. Use the term Distributive Property in your response.

Standardized Test Practice

54. Short Response Factor the expression 56. The Venn diagram shows the factors of
40x + 15. 12 and 18x.

55. Which of the following expressions cannot be 12 18x

factored?
A 6+ 3x
B 7x+3
C 15x +10
D 30x + 40

What is the greatest common factor of the

two monomials?
F 2 H 6
G 3 J 36

(39) Common Core Review

Find each product or quotient. 8.££.1
4.46 a
57. 24.2 58, 7. 59, 4x26 22,9
3x
a
5 12 8
60. & 61, (—4)s~8
« (—4)s ——
6y
Cc

63. Tionne can ride 6 miles on her bike in one hour. If she rode for 1.5 hours on Saturday
and 2 hours on Sunday, use mental math to find the total distance she rode that
weekend. Justify your answer by using the Distributive Property. [Link].2c
64. A commission is a fee paid to a salesperson based on a percent of sales. Suppose a real
estate agent earns a 3% commission. What commission would be earned for selling a
house for $230,000? [Link].3

Add or subtract. 7.£.1

65. (—4x + 7) + (5x — 9) 66. (4.3x — 2) — (2.2x —4)
67. (-2x +3) + (3x—-8) 68. (6x
— 4) — (6x + 1)

320 Need more practice? Download Extra Practice at [Link].

 Proportionality and Linear Relationships

ChapterjJReview
Sy Interactive Study Guide
V~ See pages 161-164 for:
« Vocabulary Check
+ Key Concept Check
* Problem Solving
+ Reflect
Lesson-by-Lesson Review
Lesson 7-1 The Distributive Property (pp.292-296)
Use the Distributive Property to write each expression Example 1
as an equivalent numeric expression. Then evaluate
Use the Distributive Property to write 6(3 + 9) as
the expression.
an equivalent numberic expression. Then evaluate
7
1. gibt 5) the expression.

2. (—10 + 9)3 6(3 + 9)=6-3+6-9

Use the Distributive Property to write each expression = 18+ 54 Multiply.

as an equivalent algebraic expression. =72 Add.
3. (y+ 3)7 4, —2(a—7)
Example x
5. —2(b-9) 6. (8m — 4)(—5.5)
Use the Distributive Property to write 3(x — 6) as an
7. The Stuart family has 5 members. They each equivalent algebraic expression.
purchase a soda at $2.50 each and a hot dog at
$3.50 each. Use mental math to find the total cost 3(x —6) =3x—3°6
of the food. Justify your answer by using the = 3x— 18 Simplify.
Distributive Property.

8. Admission to the state fair is $8 for adults and $7 for

students. Write two equivalent expressions if two
adults and two students go to the fair. Then find the
total admission cost.

Lesson 7-2 Simplifying Algebraic Expressions (pp. 299-304) Hy

Simplify each expression. Exa mple 5

9. 6a+5a 10. 3x + 6x Simplify —6x + 5 +x.

11. 7m — 2m + 3 12. 6x—3+2x+5 —6x+5+4+x

13. a+ 6(a + 3) 14, 2(b + 3) + 3b =—6x+x4+5 Commutative Property

15. Karen made 5 less than 4 times the number of free = [(—6) + Ix +5 Distributive Property
throws that Kimi made. Write an expression in _ a
simplest form that represents the total number of =a sinnplity
free throws made by both players.
16. Taylor jogged x miles after school. Seth jogged
twice the distance that Taylor jogged. Rashida
jogged 4 miles. Write an expression in simplest form
to represent the total number of miles that the
three students jogged.

Chapter Review 321

 Lesson 7-3 Adding Linear Expressions (pp. 305-308)
Add. Use models if needed. Example 4
17. (3x — 5) + (—5x+ 12) Add (4x+ 2) + (—5x+ 3).
18. (—3x — 8) + (2x + 9) _ Arrange the linear expressions vertically, lining up like
19. (8x — 6) + (5x — 3) ~ terms in columns. Then add.
4x +2
20. The angle measures of a triangle are (x — 9)°, x°, 4 5, 43
and (2x — 5)°. Find the measures of the angles. —_—.
—xX+5

Lesson 7-4 Subtracting Linear Expressions (pp. 310-313)

Subtract. Use models if needed. €xa mple 5

21. (3x + 2) — (5x + 6) Subtract (3x — 5) — (—8x + 1).

22. (—3x + 4) — (8x + 4) (3x — 5) — (—8x + 1) Write the linear expression.
23. (5x — 7) — (—x — 9) =3x—-—5+8x—-1 Definition of subtraction.

24. One week, Ty made (3x + 4) dollars. The following =3x+8v—-5-—1 Group like terms.
week he made (x + 8) dollars. How much more did _ a
he make the first week? =lMx—6 SDS

Lesson 7-5 Factoring Linear Expressions (pp. 316-320)

Factor each expression. If the expression cannot Exa mple 6
be factored, write cannot be factored. Use algebra tiles
if needed. Factor 2x + 6.

25. 4x +12 26. 9x — 54 Use a Model.

27. 3x—15 28. 5x
+ 12 Ga] a) a] thesetel 4-6.

29. 14x
+ 10 30. 28x
— 42 | , fi] a) al
31. 35
+ 18x 32. 45
+ 60x
x +3
33. Dekentra made a collage on a square sheet of | arrange the tiles into
poster board. The perimeter of the collage is 24 equal rows and columns.
(20x + 12) centimeters. What is the length of
one side of the collage?
34. April has saved $144 to buy a new car. If m is the
monthly payment for one year, the expression Use the GCF.
212m + $144 represents the total cost of the car. 2x =/2\+* X Write the prime factorization of 2x and 6.
Factor $12m + $144.
35. The area of aname card is (8x — 2) square inches. Goer 3 NSE earenataeie.
Factor 8x — 2 to find possible dimensions of the Write each term as a product of the GCF and its
name card. remaining factors.
2x + 6 = 2(x) + 2(3)
= 2(x + 3) Distributive Property

322 Chapter7 Algebraic Expressions