Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru – 572 103

(An Autonomous Institution affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Question Bank
Sub: Introduction to Electronics & Communication Engg (ESCO7)Class: I Sem 
Unit-I
[Link] Questions
1)
Draw the block diagram of a regulated power supply and explain the function of each
block
2)
A mains transformer having a turns ratio of 44:1 is connected to a 220 V r.m.s. mains
supply. If the secondary output is applied to a half-wave rectifier, determine the peak
voltage that will appear across a load. Assume Vγ = 0.6 V.
3)
With the help of neat circuit diagram and wave forms explain the working of Half
wave / Bi-Phase / Bride rectifier.
4)
With the help of neat circuit diagram and wave forms explain the working of Bride
rectifier with C filter.
5)
Design a Bridge rectifier with C filter to have a ripple factor 5%. (Assume RL = 1KΩ
and f= 50Hz). If the Capacitor value obtained is now doubled what will be the new
value of ripple factor.
6)
A 5V zener diode has a maximum rated power dissipation of 500 mW. If the diode is
to be used in a simple regulator circuit to supply a regulated 5 V to a load having a
resistance of 400 Ω, determine a suitable value of series resistor for operation in
conjunction with a supply of 9 V.
7)
The following data was obtained during a test carried out on a d.c. power supply:
(i) Load test
Output voltage (no-load) = 12 V
Output voltage (2 A load current) = 11.5 V
(ii) Regulation test
Output voltage (mains input, 220 V) = 12 V
Output voltage (mains input, 200 V) = 11.9 V
Determine (a) the equivalent output resistance of the power supply and (b) the
regulation of the power supply.
8)
A 220 V AC supply feeds a 20:1 step-down transformer, the secondary of which is
connected to a bridge rectifier and reservoir capacitor. Determine the approximate d.c.
voltage that will appear across the reservoir capacitor under ‘no-load’ conditions.
9)
The following data were obtained during a load test carried out on a d.c. power supply:
Output voltage (no-load) = 8.5 V
Output voltage (800 mA load) = 8.1V
Determine the output resistance of the power supply and estimate the output voltage
at a load current of 400 mA.
10)
The following data were obtained during a regulation test on a d.c. power supply:
Output voltage (a.c. input: 230 V) = 15 V
Output voltage (a.c. input: 190 V) = 14.6 V
Determine the regulation of the power supply and estimate the output voltage when
the input voltage is 245 V.
11)
Draw the circuit of Voltage Doubler using diodes and explain its operation.
12)
With the help of circuit diagram and relevant waveforms explain the principle of
operation of SMPS. 
13)
Describe different types of Amplifiers.
14)
Draw input and output characteristics of transistor in CE configuration and mark
different regions of operation on output characteristics. 
15)
Draw circuit diagram and frequency response of RC coupled CE Amplifier.
16)
Explain How transistor can be used as a switch.
17)
Draw the frequency response of an amplifier and define the following terms
i) Mid-band gain , ii) Cut-off frequencies, iii) Bandwidth
18)
Draw the equivalent circuit of an amplifier and define the following terms
i) input resistance , ii) output resistance, iii) voltage gain, iv) current gain and v)
power gain
19)
An amplifier produces an output voltage of 2 V for an input of 50 mV. If the input and
output currents in this condition are, respectively, 4 mA and 200 mA, determine: (a)
the voltage gain; (b) the current gain; (c) the power gain.
20)
Draw the block diagram of amplifier with negative feedback and obtain the
expression for overall gain.
21)
An amplifier with negative feedback applied has an open-loop voltage gain of 50 and
one-tenth of its output is fed back to the input (i.e. β = 0.1). Determine the overall
voltage gain with negative feedback applied. If the amplifier’s open-loop voltage gain
increases by 20%, determine the percentage increase in overall voltage gain.
22)
An integrated circuit that produces an open-loop gain of 100 is to be used as the
basis of an amplifier stage having a precise voltage gain of 20. Determine the
amount of feedback required.
23)
A transistor has hfe = 150 and hie = 1.5 kΩ. Assuming that hre and hoe are both
negligible, determine the value if load resistance required to produce a voltage gain
of 200.

Unit-II 
[Link] Questions
1)
Define the following parameters of op-amp i) open-loop voltage gain ii) closed-loop
voltage gain iii) input resistance iv) output resistance v) input offset voltage vi) full
power bandwidth and vii) slew rate
2)
Mention any 4 ideal and practical values of op-amp parameters.
3)
An operational amplifier operating with negative feedback produces an output
voltage of 2 V when supplied with an input of 400 μV. Determine the value of closed-
loop voltage gain in dB.
4)
An operational amplifier has an input resistance of 2 MΩ Determine the input current
when an input voltage of 5 mV is present.
5)
A1 perfect rectangular pulse is applied to the input of an operational amplifier. If it
takes 4 μs for the output voltage to change from +5 V to +5 V, determine the slew rate
of the device.
6)
A wideband operational amplifier has a slew rate of 15 V/μs. If the amplifier is used
in a circuit with a voltage gain of 20 and a perfect step input of 100 mV is applied to
its input, determine the time taken for the output to change level.
7)
Draw the circuit diagram, expression for closed loop voltage gain, input and output
waveforms of a i) inverting amplifier ii) non-inverting amplifier and iii) voltage
follower using op-amp. 
8)
Draw the circuit diagram and output voltage expression for i) adder ii) subtractor
using op-amp
9)
Design a inverting amplifier using op-amp for a gain of -10
10)
Design a non-inverting amplifier using op-amp for a gain of 25
11)
Design a adder using op-amp to obtain output Vo= - (2V1+3V2)
12)
Design a subtractor using op-amp to obtain output Vo= 10 (VA-VB)
13)
Draw the block diagram of a positive feedback system and obtain expression for
overall voltage gain.
14)
What is an oscillator? Mention conditions for oscillation. 
15)
Draw the circuit diagram of RC-Phase shift oscillator using op-amp and explain its
working. Also give the expression for its frequency of oscillation and minimum gain
required for oscillation.
16)
Draw the circuit diagram of Wein bride oscillator using op-amp and explain its
working. Also give the expression for its frequency of oscillation and minimum gain
required for oscillation.
17)
Design a RC-Phase shift oscillator using op-amp to generate a frequency of 10KHz.
18)
Design a Wein bridge oscillator using op-amp to generate a frequency of 10KHz.
19)
Determine the frequency of oscillation of a three stage ladder network oscillator in
which C = 10 nF and R = 10 kΩ.
20)
Figure 20 shows the circuit of a Wien bridge oscillator based on an operational
amplifier. If Cl =C2 = 100 nF, determine the output frequencies produced by this
arrangement (a) when Rl = R2 = 1 kΩ and (b) when Rl = R2 = 6 kΩ.

Figure 20
21)
What is a multivibrator? What are the different types of multivibrator? Explain. 
22)
With the help of neat circuit diagram explain the working of single stage Astable
oscillator (multivibrator) using op-amp
23)
Design an astable multivibtator using op-amp to generate a square or triangular
waveform of frequency 1 KHz.


Unit-III
[Link] Questions
1) Convert following numbers into binary 
i)(47.25)10 ii) (CF5.B5)16 iii) (1234.34)8
2) Write 1’s complement and 2’s complement of the following numbers
i) (82.25)10 and (98.75)10 
ii) (11001101010)2 and (110000110.01101)2
3) Convert the following numbers.
i) (345.15)10 = (?)2 = (?)16 =(?)8
ii) (F2C4)16 = (?)2 = (?)8 = (?)10
iii) (224.32)8 = (?)2 = (?)16 = (?)16
iv) (11011011)2 = (?)10 = (?)16 = (?)8 
4) Convert the following numbers.
i) (35.15)10 = (?)2
ii) (BC4)16 = (?)2
iii) (224.32)8 = (?)2
iv) (11011011)2 = (?)10 
5) Perform addition of the following numbers
i) (11001101)2 + (10010010)2
ii) (1100101010.1101)2 + (111100.1001)2
6) Simplify the following expressions and realize using only basic gates.
i) Y = + + BA
ii) Y = ( + )( + )(C + )
iii) = ( + )( + + )
iv) Y = ( A+B ) ( A’+ ’’+C) 
v) 1 = + + + 
vi) 2 = + 
 vii) X = (A + C)(AD + AD) + AC + C
viii) X = A(A + B) + (B + AA)(A + B)
7) Apply DeMorgan’s theorem to the given expression and implement it using basic logic gates 

8) State and Prove Demorgan’s theorem for two variables.

9) Using Boolean algebra, simplify the following expression and realize using basic logic gates. 

10) Design a full adder using two half adders.

11) Design a full adder circuit using XOR and basic gates and also derive the expression for sum and carry outputs.

12) Using Boolean algebra, simplify the following expression and realize using basic logic gates. 

13)
What is half adder? Derive expressions for sum and carry in a half adder and realize
the same using basic gates.
14)
Simplify the following expressions and realize using basic gates
(i)

(ii)
15)
Simplify the following expression and realize using logic gates 

16) Simplify the following expression and realize using logic gates:
(i)


(ii)


17)
Simplify realize using logic gates: 
(i)
(ii)
18)
Simplify and realize using logic gates:
(i)
(ii)
19) Design a Full adder using two half adders. Derive the expressions for sum and carry outputs.

20) Write the symbol, truth table and output expression for XNOR gate.

21)
From the truth table below, determine the standard SOP expression. Simplify the sop
equation and realize using basic gates. 

22)
Simplify and realize the following Boolean expression using logic gates.
Y= [(BC)’ + (AD)’ {(AB)’ + (CD)’}]’
23) Determine the truth table for the circuit shown in Fig. 23.

24) Simplify the following expressions and realize using basic gates.

i) Y= A + C + ABC + A 
ii) Y = (A + B )( + B + )
25) Convert (236)10 to
i) Binary
ii) Octal
iii) Hexadecimal
 Figure 23
26) Obtain the Boolean expression of sum and carry of an half adder and realize the same using basic gates.

27)
Simplify the following expression and realize using basic gates
= ’ + ’ + ’+ 
28) Write the expression for sum and carry_out for i) half adder and ii) full adder and realize full adder using 2 half adders.

29)
Add:i) 1101010(2) + 101110(2) + 111011(2) 
ii) 110001.11(2) + 1000111.011(2)

Unit-IV 
[Link] Questions
1) With the help of ``block diagram, explain the elements of an embedded system. 

2) Compare and contrast RISC and CISC processors. 

3) Analyse the necessity of input transducers in embedded systems with examples. 

4) Analyse the necessity of sensors and actuators in embedded system with an examples. 

5) Mention the various application areas of embedded systems. 

6) Analyse the necessity of output transducers in embedded systems with examples. 
7) Compare and contrast microprocessor with microcontroller. 
8) Analyse the instrumentation and control system with a block diagram. 
9) Bring out the difference between embedded systems with general purpose computing systems. 

10) Explain the various classifications of embedded systems. 

11) Identify an output device of an embedded system to display alphanumeric characteristics and bring out its importance with a neat diagram. 

Unit-V 
[Link] Questions
1)
Describe the blocks of Modern Communication System with neat block diagram.
2)
Distinguish between an analog signal and a digital signal with an example.
3)
Indicate with a neat diagram the processing of an analog base band signal and a
digital base band signal at the transmitter section.
4)
Identify the blocks of an analog transmitter section and explain the importance of
each block.
5)
Identify the blocks of an analog receiver section and explain the importance of each
block.
6)
Explain with a neat diagram, the concept of Radio wave propagation and its different
types.
7)
What is Modulation? Explain Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation
(FM) with neat waveforms.
8)
Compare analog communication with digital communication.
9)
Explain the following with the help of waveforms:
i) ASK ii) FSK iii) PSK.
10)
With suitable examples, bring out the difference between hardwired channels and
softwired channels.
11)
Explain with a neat diagram, the concept of Radio wave propagation and its different
types.
12)
Illustrate the amplitude and frequency modulation techniques with relevant sketches
and waveforms.
13)
Identify the various blocks of basic communication system and explain the working
of each block.
14)
Compare amplitude modulation and frequency modulation technique.
15)
Briefly explain the concept of multiplexing considering an example.
16)
A 400 W, 200 KHz carrier is modulated to a depth of 60% by a modulating signal of 2
KHz. Obtain the side band components and power in sideband? Sketch the frequency
spectrum.
17)
Why is modulation required? Give reasons.
18)
Describe the concept of radio wave propagation.
19)
Define Amplitude shift keying (ASK) and sketch the waveforms of an ASK modulated
wave along with the message and carrier signal.
20)
Define Frequency shift keying (FSK) and sketch the waveforms of an FSK modulated
wave along with the message and carrier signal.
21)
Define Phase shift keying (PSK) and sketch the waveforms of a PSK modulated
wave along with the message and carrier signal.
22)
Compare the three digital modulation techniques with neat waveforms.
23)
A broadcast radio transmitter radiates 10KW when the modulation percentage is 60.
How much of this is the carrier power?
24)
The total power content of an AM wave is 2.64 KW at a modulation factor of 80%.
Determine the power content of each sideband and the carrier power.
25)
Draw the frequency spectrum of an AM wave indicating all the discrete frequencies
and bandwidth.
26)
Identify the blocks of transmitter and receiver section of a communication system
and explain the importance of each block.
27)
Illustrate the principle of frequency modulation with suitable waveforms.
28)
A carrier of 2MHz has 1kW of its power amplitude modulated with a sinusoidal
signal of 2 kHz. The depth of modulation is 60%. Calculate the power in the sidebands.
29)
A certain transmitter radiates 9 KW with the carrier un modulated and 10.125 KW
when the carrier is sinusoidally modulated. Calculate the modulation index. If another
sine wave corresponding to 40% modulation is transmitted simultaneously determine
the total radiated power.
30)
Illustrate the principle of amplitude modulation with suitable waveforms.
31)
Compare Analog and Digital communication schemes. 
32)
Compare the two types of communication systems based on physical infrastructure.
33)
Compare the two types of communication systems based on signal specification.
34)
Describe the three types of radio wave propagation.
35)
Differentiate between ground wave propagation, tropospheric propagation and sky
wave propagation.