Pure Mathematics: Sets & Their Representations

Progressive Practice Worksheet

Level 1: Basic Concept Identification (Easy)

1.​ Which of the following collections is a well-defined set?​

(a) All big cities of India​
(b) All even natural numbers less than ​
(c) All lovely flowers

2.​ If , insert the correct mathematical symbol ( or

) to complete the following statements:​

(a) ​
(b)
3.​ Write the set of vowels in the English alphabet using the roster
(tabular) form.
4.​ State whether the collection of counting numbers less than is a null
set. Briefly justify your reasoning.
5.​ Write the set of letters in the word 'SCHOOL' in tabular form,
keeping in mind the rule for repeated elements.
Level 2: Set Builders & Cardinality (Moderate)

6.​ Express the set in the set-builder form.

7.​ Find the cardinal number of the set

8.​ State whether the set is finite

or infinite, and state its cardinal number .

9.​ Write the set in roster

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 form.
10.​Determine whether the set of all integers for which is
a finite set or an infinite set.
Level 3: Equation-Based Sets & Definitions (Harder)

11.​Write the set

in
roster form.

12.​If and

, are sets

and equal sets?

13.​Classify the following set as finite or infinite: "The set of prime
numbers which are less than one crore."

14.​Write the set in the roster

form.

15.​Let . Write the set in roster form

and find its cardinal number .

Level 4: Advanced Properties & Equivalency (Difficult)

16.​If , write
in roster form and verify if the sum of all positive factors of is
equal to .
17.​Write the set of all positive integers whose cube is odd in the
set-builder form.

18.​If and

, calculate the value

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 of .
19.​State true or false with mathematical justification:

20.​ Let and . Are the sets and

equivalent, equal, both, or neither? Explain your reasoning.
DETAILED ANSWER KEY & STEP-BY-STEP WORKING
1. Final Answer: (b) All even natural numbers less than .
●​ Step 1: Analyze the options based on the definition of a set. A set
must be a "well-defined collection of objects" where there is no doubt
about what belongs.
●​ Step 2: The terms "big" and "lovely" in options (a) and (c) are
subjective opinions, meaning they are not well-defined. Option (b) is a
hard mathematical fact.

2. Final Answer: (a) and (b)

●​ Step 1: The symbol means "belongs to" and means "does not
belong to".

●​ Step 2: Looking at , the number is missing, so

. The number is present, so .

3. Final Answer:
●​ Step 1: Roster form requires listing all elements separated by commas
within curly brackets.
●​ Step 2: The vowels of the alphabet are a, e, i, o, and u. Enclose them in
braces.
4. Final Answer: Yes, it is a null set.
●​ Step 1: A null (or empty) set contains zero elements.
●​ Step 2: Counting numbers (Natural numbers, denoted by ) start from

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 ( ). Therefore, there are absolutely no counting numbers
less than , leaving the set empty.

5. Final Answer:
●​ Step 1: In roster form, if one or more elements repeat, the set
remains the same.
●​ Step 2: It is sufficient to list members only once. Drop the second 'O'
from 'SCHOOL'.

6. Final Answer: OR

●​ Step 1: Identify the pattern in . These are

perfect squares ( ).
●​ Step 2: Write the rule using a variable followed by a colon (such
that).

7. Final Answer:
●​ Step 1: First, write the set in roster form. The digits in our number

system are .
●​ Step 2: Count the total number of distinct elements. There are
digits, so the cardinal number is .

8. Final Answer: Finite Set;

●​ Step 1: Solve the equation .​
​

●​ Step 2: Check the condition. The rule states (Natural

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 numbers). Since is not a natural number, no elements exist.

●​ Step 3: The set is . Because the empty set has no elements, it is

counted as a finite set with .

9. Final Answer:

●​ Step 1: The formula is for natural numbers . The

valid inputs for are .

●​ Step 2: Substitute each value of :

○​ If ,

○​ If ,

○​ If ,

○​ If ,
10. Final Answer: Infinite Set
●​ Step 1: Solve the inequality: .

●​ Step 2: List the integers ( ) greater than : .

●​ Step 3: Because this sequence goes on without end, it is an infinite set.

11. Final Answer:

●​ Step 1: Solve the quadratic equation by splitting the middle term:​

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 ​

●​ Step 2: The roots are and . Put them into a set.

12. Final Answer: Yes, they are equal sets ( ).

●​ Step 1: Write both sets in roster form, remembering to remove
duplicate letters.​

●​ Step 2: Two sets are equal if they have exactly the same elements.

Order and repetition do not matter. Therefore, .

13. Final Answer: Finite Set
●​ Step 1: A finite set contains a limited (definite) number of different
elements.
●​ Step 2: Although one crore is a very large number, the prime numbers
up to that limit can be definitively counted to an end. Thus, it is finite.

14. Final Answer:

●​ Step 1: Factor the given equation by treating

as a single variable:​

●​ Step 2: Solve for :​

●​ Step 3: Since all values are Real Numbers ( ), all four elements are
included in the roster form.

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15. Final Answer: and .
●​ Step 1: The set contains integers ( ) whose squares are less than .

●​ Step 2: Test integers: , ,

, , . The number is

rejected because .
●​ Step 3: Count the total elements in the list to find the cardinal number
is .

16. Final Answer: ; Yes, verified.

●​ Step 1: List every positive integer that cleanly divides .
●​ Step 2: Calculate the sum: .
●​ Step 3: Check against the formula : . The statement is
successfully verified.

17. Final Answer: OR

●​ Step 1: Recall the mathematical property: the cube of an even positive

integer is even, and the cube of an odd positive integer is always odd.
●​ Step 2: Therefore, for the cube to be odd, the base integer itself
must simply be odd. Translate this into set-builder notation.
18. Final Answer:

●​ Step 1: Find . The multiples of less than are

. There are exactly multiples here, so .

●​ Step 2: Find . The prime numbers less than are

. Count them to find .

●​ Step 3: Add the cardinalities: .

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19. Final Answer: True.
●​ Step 1: Determine the factors of . Because is a prime number, it
is only cleanly divisible by and itself.
●​ Step 2: Since it has exactly two factors ( and ), it belongs to the
defined set. The statement is true.
20. Final Answer: The sets are BOTH Equal and Equivalent.

●​ Step 1: Simplify Set by removing duplicated elements. .

●​ Step 2: Check for Equality: Since every member of is in , and
every member of is in , they are Equal Sets ( ).
●​ Step 3: Check for Equivalency: Equivalent sets must have the exact

same number of elements. Because and , they are

also Equivalent ( ).

Part 2
Part 2: Sets & Their Relations (Progressive Practice Worksheet)

1. Let and
State whether the sets and are equal, equivalent, both, or neither.

2. Insert the correct mathematical symbol ( or ) to make the statement

true: .
3. State whether the following statement is true or false: The empty set

is a subset of every set.

4. If a set contains exactly = elements, what is the total number of
subsets of ?

5. Write an appropriate Universal Set ( or ) for the sets

and .

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6. Write down all the proper subsets of the set .
7. Find the number of proper subsets for the set

8. Write the power set for the set .

9. Let , , and . Insert the

correct symbol ( , , or ) to represent the relationship between And
.

10. Find the power set and state its cardinal number .
11. Write the following set as an interval on the real number line:

12. Write the infinite interval in the set-builder form.

13. Let and . Verify

whether is a true statement.
14. Represent the set of all real numbers strictly less than
as an interval.

15. Let and . Find

and state whether the sets are disjoint or overlapping.

16. Write the power set of the nested set .

17. If and , find

and .
18. Two finite sets have and elements respectively. If the number of
subsets of the first set is more than the number of subsets of the
second set, find the values of and .

19. Let and .

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20. Find the sets and . Prove by logic: If and
, then .

Detailed Answer Key & Step-By-Step Working

1. Final Answer: The sets are Equivalent, but not Equal.
Step 1: Check for Equality. Equal sets must have the exact same elements.
Since the elements are numbers in

and letters in
,

.
Step 2: Check for Equivalency. Equivalent sets must have the same cardinal

number. Since and , the sets are equivalent, written

as .
2. Final Answer:

Step 1: Translate the second set into roster form: . Step 2:

Check if every element of the first set exists inside the second set. They
do, therefore it is a proper subset, denoted by the symbol
.
3. Final Answer: True. Step 1: By mathematical definition, the empty set
(containing nothing) is an invisible subset present within every single set in
existence.
4. Final Answer: subsets.
Step 1: The formula for the number of subsets is , where is the number
of elements.

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Step 2: Substitute into the formula to get , which calculates to .

5. Final Answer: .
Step 1: A Universal Set must contain all elements under consideration.
Combine the unique elements from both and into a single parent set.

6. Final Answer: .
Step 1: A proper subset includes all combinations except the full set itself.

Start with the empty set , then list the singletons

and . Stop here, because listing equals the parent set.

7. Final Answer: proper subsets.

Step 1: The word 'MATH' has distinct letters, so . Step 2: The

formula for proper subsets is . Substitute to get

8. Final Answer: .
Step 1: The Power Set contains all subsets of . List all subsets: the empty

set , the singletons and , and the set itself .

Step 2: Enclose all these sets inside a master pair of curly brackets.
9. Final Answer: .

Step 1: Every element of is in . This means

.
Step 2: Reading from left to right ( compared to ),
is the superset that contains . This is written as .

10. Final Answer: and .

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Step 1: The empty set has exactly one subset, which is itself. Therefore,

its Power Set is . Step 2: Counting the items inside the Power
Set gives a cardinal number of .

11. Final Answer: .

Step 1: does not have an "equal to" line, so it gets an open smooth

bracket .

Step 2: has an "equal to" line, so it gets a closed square bracket .

Combine them to get .

12. Final Answer: .

Step 1: The square bracket on means is included ($$
\ge$$). The infinity symbol means the numbers go on forever positively.
Step 2: Assemble the set-builder notation to state is any real number
greater than or equal to .
13. Final Answer: Yes, is true.

Step 1: Solve the equation to get

, which means and .

Step 2: Write as . Since both and are inside , the

statement is true.

14. Final Answer: .

Step 1: "Strictly less than 7" means the upper boundary is
and not included (smooth bracket).
Step 2: The numbers go down forever into negative infinity, which always
takes a smooth bracket.

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15. Final Answer: and the sets are disjoint. Step 1: The
intersection symbol asks for elements in both sets. Step 2: Compare (odd
numbers) and (even numbers). They share no common elements, making
the intersection empty and the sets disjoint.

16. Final Answer: . Step 1: Identify

the two elements of : the number and the set . Step 2: List the
subsets: the empty set, the first element in a set, the second element in a
set, and the full set. Enclose them all in master brackets.
17. Final Answer:

and .
Step 1: For Union ( ), combine all elements from both lists without writing
duplicates.
Step 2: For Intersection ( ), list only the exact items that survive in both
sets, which are and .
18. Final Answer: and .

Step 1: Write the equation .

Step 2: Factor out the smaller power to get . Step 3:

Prime factorize as , which is

Step 4: Match the parts so (making ) and

. Since , .

19. Final Answer: (All Real Numbers) and .

Step 1: For Union ( ), joining the negative numbers, zero, and positive
numbers perfectly rebuilds the entire Real Number line

, denoted as .

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Step 2: For Intersection ( ), a number cannot be strictly less than zero and
greater than or equal to zero at the same time, so there is no overlap.
20. Final Answer: Proof valid. Step 1: Assume an arbitrary element
belongs to .
Step 2: Because , any element in is guaranteed to be in .
Step 3: Because , any element in is guaranteed to be in .
Step 4: Therefore, starting from , we logically arrived at
, proving .

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