Programming Logic: Implementation and Testing
Slide 1: Implementation
Implementation is the stage where a programmer writes code to carry out the steps in an algorithm.
During implementation, errors may occur and need to be corrected through debugging.
Slide 2: Debugging
Debugging means finding and correcting errors in a program. Example: typing 'pront' instead of
'print' causes the program to fail because the command is not recognized.
Slide 3: What is Testing?
Testing ensures that a program works correctly. It involves running the program with different sets
of data and checking whether the outputs are correct.
Slide 4: Types of Test Data
1. Normal Data – valid input that should be accepted. 2. Extreme Data – values at the boundaries of
acceptable input. 3. Exceptional Data – invalid or unexpected input.
Slide 5: Normal Data
Normal data is input the program is designed to accept. Example: test scores such as 56, 78, 90,
79, 58, and 77.
Slide 6: Extreme Data
Extreme data lies at the limits of valid input. Example: a pass mark of 50%, or values such as 0%
and 100%.
Slide 7: Exceptional Data
Exceptional data is invalid or outside the expected range. Examples: -82 as a score or entering
'forty' instead of a number.
Slide 8: Other Errors
Run-time Errors: occur while the program is running, e.g., division by zero. Logic Errors: mistakes in
the program design that produce incorrect results.
Slide 9: Documentation and Evaluation
Documentation includes installation guides, user manuals, and training materials. Evaluation
checks whether the completed software meets the original requirements.
Slide 10: Summary
• Implementation turns algorithms into code. • Debugging fixes program errors. • Testing uses
normal, extreme, and exceptional data. • Programs may contain syntax, run-time, and logic errors. •
Documentation and evaluation complete the development process.