Subject- C Programming

Chapter1 Flowchart and Algorithm

Q1. Simple Calculator: Design a flowchart and write a C program for
a calculator that performs basic arithmetic operations (+, -, *, /) on
two numbers. The program should take the operator and two
numbers as input and output the result.

Q2. Finding Maximum of Three Numbers: Design a flowchart and

write a C program to find the maximum of three numbers. The
program should take three numbers as input and output the largest
one

Chapter 2 (Arithmetic Operator)

Q1 Write a program that converts Centigrade to Fahrenheit.
Expected Output :
Input a temperature (in Centigrade): 45
113.000000 degrees Fahrenheit.

Q2 Write a C program that takes hours and minutes as input, and

calculates the total number of minutes.
Expected Output :
Input hours: 5
Input minutes: 37
Total: 337 minutes.

Q3 Write a program in C that takes minutes as input, and display the

total number of hours and minutes.
Expected Output :
Input minutes: 546
9 Hours, 6 Minutes

Q4 Write a C program to perform addition, subtraction,

multiplication and division of two numbers.
Expected Output :
Input any two numbers separated by comma : 10,5
The sum of the given numbers : 15
The difference of the given numbers : 5
The product of the given numbers : 50
The quotient of the given numbers : 2.000000

Chapter 3 Decision Making

Q1. Write a C program to check whether a given number is even or
odd.
Test Data : 15
Expected Output :
15 is an odd integer

Q2. Write a C program to check whether a given number is positive

or negative.
Test Data : 15
Expected Output :
15 is a positive number

Q3. Write a C program to find whether a given year is a leap year or

not.
Test Data : 2016
Expected Output :
2016 is a leap year.

Q4. Write a C program to read the age of a candidate and determine

whether he is eligible to cast his/her own vote.
Test Data : 21
Expected Output :
Congratulation! You are eligible for casting your vote.

[Link] a C program to read the value of an integer m and display

the value of n is 1 when m is larger than 0, 0 when m is 0 and -1
when m is less than 0.
Test Data : -5
Expected Output :
The value of n = -1

Q6. Write a C program to accept the height of a person in

centimeters and categorize the person according to their height.
Test Data : 135
Expected Output :
The person is Dwarf.

[Link] a C program to find the largest of three numbers.

Test Data : 12 25 52
Expected Output :
1st Number = 12, 2nd Number = 25, 3rd Number = 52

Q8. Write a C program to accept a coordinate point in an XY

coordinate system and determine in which quadrant the coordinate point
lies.
Test Data : 7 9
Expected Output :
The coordinate point (7,9) lies in the First quadrant.

Q9. Write a C program to determine eligibility for admission to a

professional course based on the following criteria:
Eligibility Criteria : Marks in Maths >=65 and Marks in Phy >=55 and Marks
in Chem>=50 and Total in all three subject >=190 or Total in Maths and
Physics >=140 ------------------------------------- Input the marks obtained in
Physics :65 Input the marks obtained in Chemistry :51 Input the marks
obtained in Mathematics :72 Total marks of Maths, Physics and Chemistry :
188 Total marks of Maths and Physics : 137 The candidate is not eligible.
Expected Output :
The candidate is not eligible for admission.

Q10 Write a C program to calculate the root of a quadratic equation.

Test Data : 1 5 7
Expected Output :
Root are imaginary;
No solution.

Q11 Write a program in C to accept a grade and declare the

equivalent description :

C programming course
 Grade Description

E Excellent

V Very Good

G Good

A Average

F Fail

Test Data :
Input the grade :A
Expected Output :
You have chosen : Average

Q12 Write a program in C to read any digit and display it in the

word.
Test Data :
4
Expected Output :
Four

Chapter 4 Looping
1. Sum of Digits
Write a C program to input a number and calculate the sum of its digits using
a loop.

2. Factorial Calculator
Write a C program to compute the factorial of a given number using
a for loop.

3. Multiplication Table
Write a C program to print the multiplication table of a given number up to
10 using a while loop.
4. Prime Number Checker
Write a C program to check whether a given number is prime or not using a
loop.

5. Fibonacci Series
Write a C program to print the first n terms of the Fibonacci series using a
loop.

6. Number Reversal
Write a C program to reverse a given number using a loop.

7. Pattern Printing
Write a C program to print the following pattern using nested loops:

text

**

***

****

*****

8. Armstrong Number Checker

Write a C program to check if a given number is an Armstrong number using
a loop.

9. Count Digits
Write a C program to count the number of digits in a given integer using a
loop.

10. Power Calculation

Write a C program to calculate x y (where x and y are integers) using a loop
without using the pow() function

11. Number Pyramid

Write a C program to print the following pattern using nested loops:

text

12

123
1234

12345

12. Hollow Square Pattern

Write a C program to print a hollow square pattern of stars. The program
should take the size as input:
For size = 5:

text

*****

* *

* *

* *

*****

13. Diamond Pattern

Write a C program to print a diamond pattern of stars for an odd number of
rows:
For n = 5:

text

***

*****

***

14. Floyd's Triangle

Write a C program to print Floyd's Triangle:

text

23

456

7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15

15. Binary Number Triangle

Write a C program to print the following pattern:

text

01

101

0101

10101

Chapter 5 Array
1. Basic Array Operations
Write a C program that:

 Declares an integer array of size 10

 Takes 10 integers as input from the user

 Prints the array in reverse order

 Calculates and prints the sum and average of all elements

2. Find Maximum and Minimum

Write a C program to find the maximum and minimum element in an integer
array. The array size and elements should be taken as user input. Implement
without using built-in functions like max() or min().

3. Element Search in Array

Write a C program that:

 Takes an array of n integers and a target integer as input

 Searches for the target in the array using linear search

 Prints the index of the first occurrence if found, else prints "Not Found"

 Also counts and prints the total number of occurrences of the target

4. Array Rotation
Write a C program to rotate an integer array left by k positions.
Example:
Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], k = 2
Output: [3, 4, 5, 1, 2]

5. Remove Duplicates
Write a C program to remove duplicate elements from a sorted integer array.
Print the modified array and its new length.
Example:
Input: [1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4]
Output: [1, 2, 3, 4], length = 4

6. Merge Two Sorted Arrays

Write a C program to merge two sorted integer arrays into a third sorted
array. Assume arrays are sorted in ascending order. Do not sort the merged
array after merging—merge in sorted order directly.

7. Frequency Count
Write a C program to count the frequency of each element in an integer
array.
Example:
Input: [2, 3, 2, 5, 3, 7]
Output:
2 → 2 times
3 → 2 times
5 → 1 time
7 → 1 time

8. Matrix Addition
Write a C program to add two 3×3 matrices. Take both matrices as input
from the user and store the result in a third matrix. Print the result matrix in
proper format.

9. Second Largest Element

Write a C program to find the second largest element in an integer array.
Handle cases where all elements are the same or array size is less than 2.

10. Array Partition (Even-Odd Separation)

Write a C program to rearrange an integer array such that all even numbers
appear before odd numbers, while preserving the relative order of even and
odd numbers separately.
Example:
Input: [5, 2, 9, 4, 6]
Output: [2, 4, 6, 5, 9]
Chapter 6 String
1. String Length without Library Functions
Write a C program to find the length of a given string without using any built-
in string handling functions (like strlen()).

2. String Palindrome Check

Write a C program to check if a given string is a palindrome (reads the same
forward and backward). Ignore case and non-alphabetic characters.

3. String Concatenation Manually

Write a C program to concatenate two strings without using strcat().
Implement your own logic to join the second string to the end of the first.

4. Count Vowels and Consonants

Write a C program that takes a string as input and counts the number of
vowels and consonants in it.

5. Remove All Duplicate Characters

Write a C program to remove all duplicate characters from a string. Print the
resulting string with only the first occurrence of each character retained.

6. Find the First Non-Repeating Character

Write a C program to find the first non-repeating character in a given string.
If all characters repeat, print a suitable message.

7. Reverse Words in a Sentence

Write a C program to reverse the order of words in a given sentence. For
example, "Hello World" becomes "World Hello".

8. String Encryption (Caesar Cipher)

Write a C program to encrypt a string using a Caesar cipher. Shift each
alphabetic character by a given integer key (wrap around for 'z' to 'a'). Ignore
non-alphabetic characters.

9. Check for Substring Presence

Write a C program to check if a given substring exists within a main string.
Do not use strstr(). Return the starting index if found, or -1 otherwise.

10. String Compression

Write a C program to perform basic string compression by counting
consecutive repeated characters. For example, "aaabbbbcc" becomes
"a3b4c2". If the compressed string is not shorter, return the original string.
Chapter 7 Function
Question 1: Basic Function Implementation

Write a C program that contains:

 A function isEven() that takes an integer as parameter and returns 1 if

the number is even, otherwise 0

 A function printTable() that takes an integer and prints its multiplication

table from 1 to 10

 A main() function that calls both functions for a user-input number

Question 2: Prime Number Checker

Create a program with:

 A function isPrime() that returns 1 if a number is prime, 0 otherwise

 A function printPrimes() that prints all prime numbers between two

given ranges

 The main() function should take range input from user and display all
primes in that range

Question 3: Mathematical Calculator

Implement a calculator program with these functions:

 add(), subtract(), multiply(), divide() - each taking two floats and

returning result

 calculate() function that takes two numbers and an operator character

(+, -, *, /)

 main() should repeatedly calculate until user chooses to exit

Question 4: Array Operations Using Functions

Write a program with these array functions:

 readArray() - reads array elements from user

 findMax() and findMin() - return maximum and minimum values

 calculateAverage() - returns average of array elements

  main() should demonstrate all functions

Question 5: String Manipulation Functions

Create string functions without using string.h:

 stringLength() - returns length of string

 stringCopy() - copies source string to destination

 stringCompare() - compares two strings

 main() should test all functions with user input

Question 6: Recursive Functions

Implement the following recursive functions:

 factorial() - calculates factorial of a number

 fibonacci() - returns nth Fibonacci number

 sumOfDigits() - returns sum of digits of a number

 main() should demonstrate all three functions

Question 7: Function Overloading Simulation

C doesn't support function overloading, but simulate it by:

 Creating addTwo() function that can add:

o Two integers

o Two floats

o Three integers (using default parameters concept)

 Use different function names or parameter approaches

 main() should demonstrate all versions

Question 8: Number System Conversion

Create conversion functions:

 decimalToBinary() - converts decimal to binary

 binaryToDecimal() - converts binary to decimal

 decimalToHexadecimal() - converts decimal to hexadecimal

 main() should provide a menu-driven conversion program

Question 9: Bank Account System

Implement a banking system with functions:

 createAccount() - initializes account with details

 deposit() - adds amount to balance

 withdraw() - deducts amount with validation

 displayBalance() - shows current balance

 Use structures and functions to manipulate account data

Question 10: Advanced - Function Pointers

Create a program demonstrating function pointers:

 Implement add(), subtract(), multiply(), divide() functions

 Create a function pointer array

 Implement executeOperation() that takes function pointer as argument

 Create a menu-driven calculator using function pointers

Chapter 8 Pointer
Question 1: Basic Pointer Operations

Write a C program that demonstrates:

 Declare an integer variable and a pointer to it

 Display the value, address using &, and pointer dereferencing

 Perform arithmetic operations using pointers (increment, decrement)

 Show the relationship between arrays and pointers

 Demonstrate pointer-to-pointer (double pointer) concept

Question 2: Array Manipulation Using Pointers

Create a program that performs the following array operations using only
pointers (no array subscript notation []):

 Reverse an array

 Find maximum and minimum elements

 Search for a specific element

  Copy one array to another

 Calculate sum and average of array elements

All operations should be implemented as separate functions accepting
pointer parameters.

Question 3: String Operations with Pointers

Implement the following string functions using only pointers (without using
array notation or string.h):

 stringLength() - returns length of string

 stringCopy() - copies source to destination

 stringConcatenate() - concatenates two strings

 stringCompare() - compares two strings

 stringReverse() - reverses a string in place

Each function should take pointer parameters and return appropriate
values.

Question 4: Pointer Arithmetic and 2D Arrays

Write a program that:

 Dynamically allocates a 2D array (matrix) using pointers

 Fills the matrix with user input

 Performs matrix addition and multiplication using pointer arithmetic

 Finds transpose of matrix using pointers

 Calculates sum of diagonal elements

 Deallocates memory properly

Question 5: Dynamic Memory Management

Create a program that demonstrates:

 Dynamic memory allocation for an array of integers

 Reallocation to increase array size

 Implementation of basic operations (insert, delete, search)

 Creation of a dynamic array of structures (Student with name, roll,

marks)
  Sorting the dynamic array using pointer-based sorting algorithm

 Proper memory deallocation and avoiding memory leaks

Question 6: Function Pointers and Callbacks

Implement a program that uses function pointers to:

 Create an array of function pointers for mathematical operations

 Implement qsort()-like function that sorts an array using a comparison

function pointer

 Create a map() function that applies a function to each element of an

array

 Implement a calculator where operations are selected via function

pointers

 Demonstrate callback mechanism for event handling simulation

Question 7: Pointer to Structures

Design a Student Management System using pointers to structures:

 Create a structure Student with name, roll number, and marks array

 Dynamically allocate array of Student structures

 Implement functions for:

o Adding/removing students

o Searching student by roll number (return pointer to student)

o Calculating average marks for each student

o Finding student with highest average

o Sorting students by name or marks

 Use -> operator for structure pointer access

Question 8: Complex Pointer Declarations and Usage

Write a program that demonstrates understanding of:

 Pointer to an integer

 Pointer to a pointer to integer

 Array of pointers to integers

  Pointer to an array of integers

 Pointer to function returning integer

 Array of pointers to functions

Create examples that clearly show the declaration, initialization, and
usage of each type.

Question 9: Memory Manipulation and Pointer Safety

Create a program that:

 Demonstrates common pointer errors (dangling pointer, memory leak,

null pointer dereference)

 Implements safe versions of string functions with bounds checking

 Creates a safeCopy() function that prevents buffer overflow

 Demonstrates proper use of const with pointers

 Shows difference between shallow copy and deep copy using pointers

 Implements a simple memory leak detector

Question 10: Advanced Pointer Application - Linked List

Implement a singly linked list with the following operations using pointers
only:

 createNode() - creates a new node dynamically

 insertAtBeginning() - inserts node at start

 insertAtEnd() - inserts node at end

 deleteNode() - deletes node with given value

 search() - searches for a value

 reverseList() - reverses the linked list

 displayList() - displays all elements

 sortList() - sorts the linked list

 Proper memory management for all operations

Chapter 9 Structure and Union

Question 1: Student Record System

Create a structure Student with the following members:

 roll_no (integer)

 name (string, max 50 characters)

 marks (float array for 5 subjects)

 percentage (float)

Write a program to:

 Read data for N students

 Calculate percentage for each student

 Display student details in tabular format

 Find and display the topper's details

Question 2: Employee Database Management

Define a structure Employee containing:

 emp_id

 name

 department

 salary

 date_of_joining (nested structure containing day, month, year)

Create functions to:

1. Add employee details

2. Display all employees

3. Search employee by ID

4. List employees in a specific department

5. Find employees with salary above a certain amount

Question 3: Library Book System

Design a structure Book with:

 book_id
  title

 author

 is_issued (1 if issued, 0 if available)

 member_id (if issued)

Create a menu-driven program to:

 Add new books

 Issue a book to a member

 Return a book

 Display all available books

 Search book by title/author

Question 4: Complex Number Operations

Define a structure Complex to represent complex numbers (real and

imaginary parts).

Write functions to:

 Add two complex numbers

 Subtract two complex numbers

 Multiply two complex numbers

 Divide two complex numbers

 Display complex number in a+bi format

Create a calculator that performs these operations based on user choice.

Question 5: Student Marks Analysis with Arrays of Structures

Create an array of structures for 50 students. Each structure contains:

 reg_no

 name

 marks[3] (marks in three subjects)

Write functions to:

1. Input student details

 2. Calculate total and average for each student

3. Display students who scored above 80% average

4. Find subject-wise toppers

5. Sort students based on total marks

Question 6: Time Calculator

Define a structure Time with:

 hours

 minutes

 seconds

Write functions to:

1. Read two time periods

2. Add two time periods

3. Subtract two time periods

4. Convert time to total seconds

5. Convert seconds to Time structure

Advanced: Handle cases where minutes/seconds exceed 60.

Question 7: Union Demonstration - Storage Optimization

Create a union VehicleInfo that can store information about different

vehicles:

 For cars: model, seating_capacity, fuel_type

 For trucks: load_capacity, number_of_wheels

 For motorcycles: engine_cc, has_sidelight

Write a program that:

 Uses a structure with a vehicle_type tag and the union

 Stores information based on vehicle type

 Displays appropriate information for each vehicle type

Question 8: Bank Account with Transaction History

Define a structure Account with:

 account_number

 customer_name

 balance

 last_transactions (array of structures containing amount, type, date)

Implement functions for:

 Creating new account

 Deposit and withdrawal with balance validation

 Displaying last 5 transactions

 Calculating interest

 Displaying account summary

Question 9: Polygon Area Calculator using Structures

Create structures to represent:

 Point (x, y coordinates)

 Line (two Points)

 Triangle (three Points)

 Rectangle (four Points)

Write functions to:

1. Calculate distance between two points

2. Calculate area of triangle

3. Calculate area of rectangle

4. Check if triangle is right-angled

5. Check if rectangle is a square

Question 10: University Course Registration System

Design structures for:

 Course (course_code, title, credits, instructor)

 Student (student_id, name, enrolled_courses array)

  Faculty (faculty_id, name, courses_taught array)

Create a program to:

 Register students for courses (max 5 courses per student)

 Assign courses to faculty

 Display student timetable

 Display faculty teaching schedule

 Calculate student's total credits

Chapter 10 File Handling

Question 1: Student Database File System

Create a program that maintains a student database in a file. Each student

record should contain:

 Roll Number

 Name

 Marks in 3 subjects

 Total Marks

Implement the following operations:

1. Add new student records to the file

2. Display all student records

3. Search for a student by roll number

4. Update a student's marks

5. Delete a student record

6. Display students with total marks above a certain threshold

File to use: [Link] (binary file)

Question 2: Text File Word Counter and Analyzer

Write a program that reads a text file and:

1. Counts the total number of words, lines, and characters

2. Finds the frequency of each word (case-insensitive)

 3. Finds the longest word in the file

4. Finds the most frequent word

5. Creates a new file with the same content but with line numbers

Additional: Remove punctuation marks before counting words.

Question 3: Employee Payroll System

Create an employee payroll system that stores data in a file. Each employee
record should have:

 Employee ID

 Name

 Department

 Basic Salary

 DA, HRA, PF deductions

 Net Salary

Implement:

1. Add employee with salary calculation

2. Generate payslip for a specific employee (save to separate file)

3. Display all employees of a department

4. Generate monthly payroll report in a text file

5. Update employee salary details

Files: [Link] (binary), payslips/ directory for individual payslips