Ch- 2: Arithmetic Expressions - NOTES

PERIOD 1

Arithmetic Expression: An arithmetic expression is a combination of numbers and

arithmetic operations — addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and brackets — that
can be evaluated to give a single numerical value.

Examples: 3 + 5, 12 − 4 × 2, (8 + 2) ÷ 5, 15 − [3 + (4 × 2)]

Note: Arithmetic expressions contain only numbers — no variables.

Comparing Expressions: (To explain) no notes

Figure it out pg no 25 ( HOMEWORK)

1) Fill in the blanks to make the expressions equal on both sides of = sign ( Homework)
(a) 13 + 4 = 11 + 6
(b) 22 + 8 = 6 × 5
(c) 8 × 4 = 64 ÷ 2
(d) 34 – 9 = 25
2) Arrange the following expressions in ascending (increasing) order of their values.( homework
)
(a) 67 – 19 (b) 67 – 20 (c) 35 + 25 (d) 5 × 11 (e) 120 ÷ 3
sol) (a) 67 – 19 = 48
(b) 67 – 20 = 47
(c) 35 + 25 = 60
(d) 5 × 11 = 55
(e) 120 ÷ 3 = 40
Clearly, 40 < 47 < 48 < 55 < 60
Therefore, 120 ÷ 3 < 67 – 20 < 67 – 19 < 5 × 11 < 35 + 25
Thus, (e) < (b) < (a) < (d) < (c).

Note: The order of operations (PEMDAS/BODMAS): Parentheses, Exponents,

Multiplication & Division, and Addition & Subtraction.

Terms in an expression:

 An expression is written as a sum of its terms.

 Subtraction is converted to addition of a negative term.

Ex: 13 – 2 + 6 = 13 + (-2) + 6

Terms: 13, -2, 6

 Properties of addition (for expressions with only + and -)
 Commutative property: swapping terms does not change the sum.
Ex: 6 + (-4) = (-4) + 6 = 2
 Associative property: grouping terms differently does not change the sum.
Ex: (-7) + 10 + (-11) gives -8 in any order or grouping.

PERIOD2
TO EXPLAIN – NOT TO BE GIVEN IN NOTES
a) Order of operations (without brackets first):
 Evaluate multiplications/divisions first then add the resulting terms.
Ex: 30 + 5 x 4 = 30 + 20 = 50
b) Removing brackets:
 If a + sign is before the bracket remove bracket, signs inside stay the same.
 If a - sign is before the bracket remove bracket, change all signs inside.
Ex: 200 – (40+3) = 200 – 40 – 3
28 – (35 - 10) = 28 + 35 – 10
Distributive property:
 a x (b + c) = a x b + a x c
 a x (b - c) = a x b - a x c

HW: Discuss examples 9,10 & 11 (pg no 33) EXPLAIN DURING REVISION

Figure it Out (Pg No 34)

1) Find the values of the following expressions by writing the terms in each case.
(a) 28 – 7 + 8 (b) 39 – 2 × 6 + 11 (c) 40 – 10 + 10 + 10
(d) 48 – 10 × 2 + 16 + 2 (e) 6 × 3 – 4 × 8 × 5
sol) a) 28 – 7 + 8 = 28 + (-7) + 8
Terms: 28, -7, and 8
28 – 7 + 8 = 28 + (-7) + 8
= 21 + 8
= 29
(b) 39 – 2 × 6 + 11 = 39 + (-2 × 6) + 11 HOMEWORK
Terms: 39, -2 × 6, and 11
39 – 2 × 6 + 11 = 39 + (-2 × 6) + 11
= 39 + (-12) + 11
= 27 + 11
= 38

(c) 40 – 10 + 10 + 10 = 40 + (-10) + 10 + 10
Terms: 40, -10, 10, and 10
40 – 10 + 10 + 10 = 40 + (-10) + 10 + 10
 = 30 + 10 + 10
= 50

 (d) 48 – 10 × 2 + 16 + 2 = 48 + (-10 × 2) + (16 + 2) HOMEWORK

Terms: 48, -10 × 2, 16 + 2
48 – 10 × 2 + 16 + 2 = 48 + (-10 × 2) + (16 + 2)
= 48 + (-20) + (8)
= 28 + 8 = 36
(e) 6 × 3 – 4 × 8 × 5 = (6 × 3) + (-4 × 8 × 5)
Terms: 6 × 3, 4 × 8 × 5
6 × 3 – 4 × 8 × 5 = (6 × 3) + (-4 × 8 × 5)
= 18 + (-160)
= -142
 PERIOD 3
2) Write a story/situation for each of the following expressions and find their
values.
(а) 89 + 21 – 10 (b) 5 × 12 – 6 (c) 4 × 9 + 2 × 6
Solution:
(a) 89 + 21 – 10
A shopkeeper had 89 chocolates. He bought 21 more chocolates from the market. Later,
he sold 10 chocolates to customers. How many chocolates are left with him?
89 + 21 – 10 = 100
(b) 5 × 12 – 6
Radha bought 5 pens from a stationery shop. The cost of each pen is ₹ 12. The
shopkeeper also gave her a discount of ₹ 6 on the total cost. Find the total amount that
she has to pay to the shopkeeper.
5 × 12 – 6 = 5 × 12 + (-6) = 60 + (-6) = 54
(c) 4 × 9 + 2 × 6 ( HOMEWORK)
Sumit bought 4 pencils, the cost of each pencil is ₹ 9, and he also bought 2 erasers,
which cost ₹ 6 each. How much money does he have to spend to buy these items?
4 × 9 + 2 × 6 = 36 + 12 = 48
3) For each of the following situations, write the expression describing the
situation, identify its terms, and find the value of the expression.
(а) Queen Alia gave 100 gold coins to Princess Elsa and 100 gold coins to
Princess Anna last year. Princess Elsa used the coins to start a business and
doubled her coins. Princess Anna bought jewellery and has only half of the coins
left. Write an expression describing how many gold coins Princess Elsa and
Princess Anna together have.
(b) A metro train ticket between two stations is ₹ 40 for an adult and ₹ 20 for a
child. What is the total cost of the tickets?
(i) for four adults and three children?
(ii) for two groups having three adults each?
(c) Find the total height of the window by writing an expression describing the
relationship among the measurements shown in the picture.
 sol) a) Princess Elsa received 100 gold coins.
Princess Anna received 100 gold coins.
Elsa doubled her coins → 2 ×100=200coins.
Anna spent some coins and has half left → 100 ÷ 2=50coins.
Total coins together → 2 ×100+100 ÷ 2
Final answer → 200+50=250coins
Expression: 2 ×100+100 ÷ 2

b. Given:
cost of Adult ticket = ₹40
Cost of Child ticket = ₹20

(i) 4 Adults + 3 Children:

4 × 40 + 3 × 20 = 160 + 60 = ₹220
(ii) 2 Groups of 3 Adults each:
2 × (3 × 40) = 2 × 120 = ₹240

c) By observing the given picture, the total height of the window = number of gaps × 5 cm +
number of grills × 2 cm + number of borders × 3 cm = 7 × 5 + 6 × 2 + 2 × 3
Terms: 7 × 5, 6 × 2, 2 × 3
Now, 7 × 5 + 6 × 2 + 2 × 3 = 35 + 12 + 6 = 47 + 6 = 53
PERIOD 4
Removing Brackets:
NOTE: When the brackets preceded by a negative sign are removed, the signs of the
terms inside the brackets change.
HW: [Link] 35&36 to revise(NOT in Notebook – just let the child revise)

Figure it Out (Pg No 37)

1. In text book
2) Remove the brackets and write the expression having the same value.
(a) 14 + (12 + 10) (b) 14 – (12 + 10) (c) 14 + (12 – 10)
(d) 14 – (12 – 10) (e) -14 + 12 – 10 (f) 14 – (-12 – 10)
a) 14 + (12 + 10)
= 14 + 12 + 10
= 14 + 22
= 36
(b) 14 – (12 + 10)
= 14 – 12 – 10
= 14 – 22
= -8
(c) 14 + (12 – 10)
= 14 + 12 – 10
= 14 + 2
= 16
(d) 14 – (12 – 10) HOMEWORK
= 14 – 12 + 10
= 14 – 2
= 12

(e) -14 + 12 – 10
= -14 + 2
= -12

(f) 14 – (-12 – 10) HOMEWORK

= 14 + 12 + 10
= 14 + 22
= 36
3) Find the values of the following expressions. For each pair, first try to guess
whether they have the same value. When are the two expressions equal?
(a) (6 + 10) – 2 and 6 + (10 – 2)
(b) 16 – (8 – 3) and (16 – 8) – 3
(c) 27 – (18 + 4) and 27 + (-18 – 4)
Solution:
(a) (6 + 10) – 2 and 6 + (10 – 2)
(6 + 10) – 2 = 16 – 2 = 14
and 6 + (10 – 2) = 6 + 8 = 14
Clearly, (6 + 10) – 2 = 6 + (10 – 2)
(b) 16 – (8 – 3) and (16 – 8) – 3 HOMEWORK
16 – (8 – 3) = 16 – 5 = 11
and (16 – 8) – 3 = 8 – 3 = 5
16 – (8 – 3) ≠ (16 – 8) – 3
(c) 27 – (18 + 4) and 27 + (-18 – 4) HOMEWORK
27 – (18 + 4) = 27 – 22 = 5
and 27 + (-18 – 4) = 27 + (-22) = 5
Clearly, 27 – (18 + 4) = 27 + (-18 – 4)

PERIOD 5
4) In each of the sets of expressions below, identify those that have the same value.
Do not evaluate them, but rather use your understanding of terms.
(a) 319 + 537, 319 – 537, -537 + 319, 537 – 319
(b) 87 + 46 – 109, 87 + 46 – 109, 87 + 46 – 109, 87 – 46 + 109, 87 – (46 + 109), (87 –
46) + 109
sol)

Expressions having the same terms have the same value. Therefore, 319 – 537 and -
537 + 319 have the same value. 4(b) is hw

Expressions having the same terms have equal values.

Therefore, 87 + 46 – 109, 87 + 46 – 109, 87 + 46 – 109 have the same value.
Also, 87 – 46 + 109 and (87 – 46) + 109 have the same value.
5) Add brackets at appropriate places in the expressions such that they lead to
the values indicated.
(a) 34 – 9 + 12 = 13
(b) 56 – 14 – 8 = 34
(c) -22 – 12 + 10 + 22 = – 22
Solution:
(a) 34 – (9 + 12) = 34 – 21 = 13
(b) (56 – 14) – 8 = 42 – 8 = 34
(c) -22 – (12 + 10) + 22 = -22 – 22 + 22 = -22
6) IN TEXTBOOK
7) Using the numbers 2, 3, and 5, and the operators ‘+’ and ‘-‘, and brackets, as
necessary, generate expressions to give as many different values as possible.
For example, 2 – 3 + 5 = 4 and 3 – (5 – 2) = 0
sol) Here are a few expressions formed by using numbers 2, 3, and 5 and the operators
‘+’ and ‘-‘ and brackets having different values.
(2 + 3) – 5 = 5 – 5 = 0,
5 + (3 – 2) = 5 + 1 = 6,
-5 + (2 – 3) = -5 + (-1) = -6,
(-2 + 3) – 5 = 1 – 5 = – 4, etc.
PERIOD 6
8) Whenever Jasoda has to subtract 9 from a number, she subtracts 10 and adds 1 to it.
For example, 36 − 9 = 26 + 1.
(a) Do you think she always gets the correct answer? Why?
(b) Can you think of other similar strategies? Give some examples
a: Yes, Jasoda always gets the correct answer.
Subtracting 10 and adding 1 is the same as subtracting 9 because 10 − 1 = 9.
For example, 36 − 9 = 27.
Jasoda does (36 − 10) + 1 = 26 + 1 = 27, which is correct.
b: Yes, we can use other strategies:
Instead of subtracting 9, subtract 8 and subtract 1 more:
36 − 9 = 36 − 8 − 1 = 28 − 1 = 27.
Or, subtract 5 and subtract 4 more:
36 − 9 = 36 − 5 − 4 = 31 − 4 = 27.
Both give the correct answer.
9) Consider the two expressions: a) 73 - 14 + 1, b) 73 - 14 - 1.
For each of these expressions, identify the expressions from the following
collection that are equal to it.
(a) 73 - (14 + 1)
Ans: 73 - (14 + 1) = 73 - 15 = 58.
Expression a) 73 - 14 + 1 = 59 + 1 = 60 (not equal).
Expression b) 73 - 14 - 1 = 59 - 1 = 58 (equal).
So, it matches expression b).

(b) 73 - (14 - 1)
Ans: 73 - (14 - 1) = 73 - 13 = 60.
Expression a) 73 - 14 + 1 = 60 (equal).
Expression b) 73 - 14 - 1 = 58 (not equal).
So, it matches expression a).

(c) 73 + (-14 + 1) HOMEWORK

Ans: 73 + (-14 + 1) = 73 + (-13) = 73 - 13 = 60.
Expression a) 73 - 14 + 1 = 60 (equal).
Expression b) 73 - 14 - 1 = 58 (not equal).
 So, it matches expression a).
(d) 73 + (-14 - 1) HOMEWORK
Ans: 73 + (-14 - 1) = 73 + (-15) = 73 - 15 = 58.
Expression a) 73 - 14 + 1 = 60 (not equal).
Expression b) 73 - 14 - 1 = 58 (equal).
So, it matches expression b).
PERIOD7
[Link]. 39 & 40 to be explained - Distributive property

Q: Use this method to find the following products:

(a) 95 × 8

95 = (100 - 5)
95 X 8 = (100-5) X 8
= 100 × 8 - 5 × 8
= 800 - 40
= 760

(b) 104 × 15

104 = (100 + 4):

104 X 15 = (100 + 4) X 15
= 100 X 15 + 4 X 15
=1500 + 60
= 1560

(c) 49 × 50

49 = (50 - 1)
49 X 50 = ( 50 -1 ) X 50
= 50 X 50 – 1 X 50
= 2500 -50
= 2450

Q: Is this quicker than the multiplication procedure you use generally?

Ans: Yes, this method is quicker because it uses easier "round" numbers (like 100 or
50) and then adjusts with a simple addition or subtraction, instead of doing long
multiplication step by step.
 PERIOD 8
Figure it Out (Pg No 41-42)

1,2,3,4 IN TEXT BOOK

4.
PERIOD 9
Figure it Out (Pg No 42-44)
Q1: Read the situations given below. Write appropriate expressions for each of them
and find their values.

(a) The district market in Begur operates on all seven days of the week. Rahim supplies
9 kg of mangoes each day from his orchard, and Shyam supplies 11 kg of mangoes each
day from his orchard to this market. Find the number of mangoes supplied by them in a
week to the local district market.

Ans: Supplies of mangoes by Rahim in the market each day = 9 kg

Supplies of mangoes by Shyam in the market each day = 11 kg
Total supplies of mangoes in the market on each day = (9 + 11) kg
Therefore, total supplies of mangoes in the market in all 7 days = 7 × (9 + 11) kg
= 7 × 20 = 140 kg
(b) Binu earns ₹20,000 per month. She spends ₹5,000 on rent, ₹5,000 on food, and
₹2,000 on other expenses every month. What is the amount Binu will save by the end of
a year?

Sol) Binu's per month earning = ₹ 20,000

Binu's total monthly expenditures = ₹ 5,000 on rent + ₹ 5,000 on food + ₹ 2,000 on other
expenses
= 5,000 + 5,000 + 2,000
Therefore, Binu's monthly savings = ₹ 20,000 - ₹(5,000 + 5,000 + 2,000)
= ₹ 20,000 - ₹ 12,000
= ₹ 8,000
Thus, Binu's total yearly savings = 12 × 8000 = 96000
Hence, Binu will save ₹ 96,000 by the end of the year.
(c) During the daytime, a snail climbs 3 cm up a post, and during the night, while asleep,
accidentally slips down by 2 cm. The post is 10 cm high, and a delicious treat is on its
top. In how many days will the snail get the treat?
Ans: Since the snail climbs 3 cm up the post in daytime and slips down by 2 cm at night.

∴ The distance climbed in 7 days = 7 cm

So, the distance climbed by the snail of the post = 3 - 2 = 1 cm in a day.

The height of the post is 10 cm

The distance climbed on the 8th day before slipping = 7 + 3 = 10 cm
So, the snail will take 8 days to reach the top of the post and get the delicious treat.

Q2: Melvin reads a two-page story every day except on Tuesdays and Saturdays. How
many stories would he complete reading in 8 weeks? Which of the expressions below
describes this scenario?

(a) 5 × 2 × 8 (b) (7 - 2) × 8 (c) 8 × 7 (d) 7 × 2 × 8 (e) 7 × 5 - 2 (f) (7 + 2) × 8 (g) 7 × 8 - 2 × 8

(h) (7 - 5) × 8
Ans: Number of days in a week except Tuesday and Saturday = 7 – 2
Since Melvin reads a two-page story every day except Tuesday and Saturday.
Therefore, number of stories read in a week = 1 × (7 - 2)
So, number of stories read in 8 weeks = 8 × 1 × (7 - 2)
= 8 × (7 - 2) or (7 - 2) × 8 [Expression (b)]

or 7 × 8 - 2 × 8 [Expression (g)]
Only expressions (b) and (g) describe this scenario.

PERIOD 10
3 Find different ways of evaluating the following expressions:
(a) 1 - 2 + 3 - 4 + 5 - 6 + 7 - 8 + 9 - 10
Ans: 1 - 2 + 3 - 4 + 5 - 6 + 7 - 8 + 9 - 10
= (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9) + (-2 - 4 - 6 - 8 - 10)
= 25 + (-30)
= -5
or
1 - 2 + 3 - 4 + 5 - 6 + 7 - 8 + 9 - 10
= (1 - 2) + (3 - 4) + (5 - 6) + (7 - 8) + (9 - 10)
= (-1) + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) + (-1)
= -5
(b) 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 1
Ans: 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 1
= (1 - 1) + (1 - 1) + (1 - 1) + (1 - 1) + (1 - 1)
=0+0+0+0+0
=0
or
1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1
= (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1) + (-1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1)
= 5 + (-5)
=0

4- In Text book

5. Identify which of the following expressions are equal to the given expression without
computation. You may rewrite the expressions using terms or removing brackets. There
can be more than one expression which is equal to the given expression.

(a) 83 - 37 - 12

(i) 84 - 38 – 12 (ii) 84 - (37 + 12) (iii) 83 - 38 – 13 (iv) -37 + 83 - 12

Ans:
83 - 37 - 12
= 83 - 37 - 12 + (1 - 1)
= (83 + 1) - (37 + 1) - 12
= 84 - 38 - 12 (option i)

Or,

83 - 37 - 12
= -37 + 83 - 12
= 46 - 12
= 34 (option iv)

Therefore, options (i) and (iv) are equal to the given expression.

(b) 93 + 37 × 44 + 76
(i) 37 + 93 × 44 + 76 (ii) 93 + 37 × 76 + 44 (iii) (93 + 37) × (44 + 76) (iv) 37 × 44 + 93 +
76

Ans:

93 + 37 × 44 + 76

Using the commutative property of addition,

= 37 × 44 + 93 + 76

Thus, option (iv) is equal to the given expression.

Therefore, option (iv) is equal to the given expression.

Q6: Choose a number and create ten different expressions having that value.

Ans: Let's choose the number 10. Ten different expressions are:

1. 5 + 5 = 10

2. 20 - 10 = 10

3. 2 × 5 = 10

4. 50 ÷ 5 = 10

5. 15 - 5 = 10

6. 7 + 3 = 10

7. 4 × 2 + 2 = 10

8. 30 - 20 = 10

9. 10 × 1 = 10
10. 25 - 15 = 10

The END