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7 views50 pages

Notes

Class 12 ncert hand written notes

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svitiyadav
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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TT RR THY yy exe Tt, Re Yd @ scanned with Oken Scanner Gene aaa a as BE CHS 2 EI cAMOY BT TAATHALT MPRA ota a Oo rae Grene > Bant/aetT ore agt fe TATE TE > Seag + + Gene F agent > Cahn ARF Bengor d group of gene > wa utter F 30,000 F czar gene ta 2 te SoU > ofa Bane atenarn ORadtey A za senha Fae _, Mevdal & iH A GRY AAT gone 21 eT a ea BEER So ag aa 8 Tae fm ot pHs, % are Eenett araar ait 38 ee TE 5 ufta pret ® THaT- tinene spear FARE ge ABITATO > he, cer ow ee Seo at = RF ex Bale HY seh Baw & ara aatrt 1 4 STE > Monozygatic Luing oe. | Vorattion aera aBierite arog Ieee : Starner sn Poke ee) soupeacter BOT ! Serer rf O42, Parents dewelop aael Ghenetics apie seuadet em a * otudy— Greneticg Fothen of Grenekieg —> aK At Ager L yeaa-8u] Book > Dasa SET si eRe UA SrA FHT 1865 L watt 19008 $e Father oF Modexn Crenekics > Mowgan = see & ah oe ee Bo nat a Be @ scanned with Oken Scanner + Ophexon soonest of gone > ufta ramteer a1 Barr O Oars, Bard i Priraaer Theory of genetics > sdutton tb Bowe. od a : Trolt Choscackeis i Effective Non-ef fective Sant sreret [a. aman & send oat [Tau] Fa Dood 4 2. Us fh Re rare [aplat] Serer [Apical] 3. hell a UT ax Copeen] tft yeblous- y. holt Ht raha GeGE Swelling SHAT cortvack 5. dla aT TAR ia [ Round] gla wrinkled 6. yo a eT Red [otto] white ake bs, dct ar aT THAT Yellow &I Green @ scanned with Oken Scanner > Bea FX oe - aaa Pisume setanium ansl4 ne (4/2 n= + B aot > 44,5, 4, arg TR Role > 2,3, bash gongs Oe eH aff oinOr oTEY Hae * Daminak Facto > 4€ factor ot Fics a oFE Lae 4] & una ei # Ressacive Fackor 3 factor. Fi that H express ol A oa e After Po Meh expres & ont EI Plant > ™§% Dwar al tt Rgeneotion sere} “© stuart 3 SAT at Har gene (nene oss Tet express STE] Tu Tak TATE Fa Gene — Titr]t+ tft f tt Fa Chenoxation 3 Rearacive BAT Grene express eae 4 Uta TR ET 4. Poe of gntxasting fatto ar ex arte elt foe omar S} A. Poycenks tt 1 t Fi Tew Dwarf VV Tt Tt Figenexation RA Astersag crota AT Ratio fireteraq Ratio git" [Tabu] Genatybe Ratio — Ta i as a 2 iy crane [Bae A] ‘ee of wananasing anion 220 fat “en ie re #2 Be RY Ty Rg Fane Ry «ROY yew levy leery faery ey [ery [reve leoyy |ieyy v3 poe fen ve bere | YY faeyy foray frour [orgy Geratyhie Ral senaerccace sat “Trdhybrd ervoss [BRC HFT] Thowe hairs of wonabuanting transfor token for crass fre) fore reat Pesos 3 oft Bre ot Er + Paxents—> 1 ae haute! v RR YY x +t oy et Tear Ron ellowy fate uve © Gramentsi- - TRY try Te Ry Yy x Tt Rey Try | TRY Try : tRY ty 4 TRY JTTRRYY PTTRRYY [TT RAYY [TERRY ea ay Yr TRY FTTRRYY [TTRAYY | TTReyy [TERRYY | TEReYY |TERYYY try trreryy ft teeyy [Trey pTerRyy PTY Preeryy any fereeyy [eraayy etary ERR | HBT CERT YY ary vay [tery [tee [teeny [Hoy forty try ATRRYY He TeR yy tTeryy ttyRyy ‘Jeemyy ttrryg * Phenotypic oa Touphybrdol vorcoss [Link] * ; ‘ H Cumatypic Ratio of Toyhybrlal wross drasarurgraedpards ammsus gree Meee L ae eee od, ® Monohydrie wos 4 Rhomatypic Ratio > 334 # Dikydnold wero (3:4) 9:1x3tt Phonatyple Racio - gias3it ge Touphydrde vornas (34° Rhumabypic Ratio apigsgeg: 323id renatyptc ratio 4. Monohydde eno. - 4cacd 2. Dihydnold L044 - aa)” dtayixii acs rararursdiasdias 3. Tyyhydnic Cross — dusty? a. Praeaeys at arar ade sbeys Baud ad: Alay ys : tard, _ gtdxardx 3id ~ Types of gametes AR Colculate #:- ann No. of hotenozygate MmTaIAT ex. Aa Bb an- g> >axa=4 >. AB Ab 0B ab— ar= at =axaey = aa ob Ce v K « 4Y Aa BB Ce x x » . 5. AA BB ce > &=1 x x x Ye 6 Ao BB Ce dd =< a= axazy 93 axaxa=8 Da Fes a-axaxars Bock Cx088 A Cross in which Fi Gunexation is Crossed by any one panent~ Either Diaimont/Recissive > same F Fi A gendl ar aryerdl fret of ttre ser wig aR THA S| — Daminant Cxogg Recissve Back cross or or Out cross Test Crass J ¢ 2 Fi A uate OFT iaseere 088 % Bel cwage aX Rl : Fie TexTT ie 4 TT Tr Tt Tt ee oo. Tatl eee 50'/. Duveorf- > Homogygous os shotnogygous chath are dome (!31) 6 8 sphonatype vatlo of Leck vro4s dod > ple cross erat WYO > Fay Rock Cross dort Cros E~ Yes 5 Test Ovoss Ga Pear ora e— GH Tesk Cote fra aff Tier At [Link] & naa Klee \o"Moz! a homozygous tout & aT shetnagygaus ol a ~ Novahybeed tat rots alle 2 Pa TA Test Cross FT HGTd > TTxtt La Fira Ttextt L Te: Th: th tt 2. Dihypordd tert orors Ratio Foscent — Rav vrdd Fitfidh— Rr vy —> Reyy xvvgg a RY vy xy ay eR YY TREY frrgy ergy urs Roured wrinkles | Worinkled Yetlow | 9Feen — | yotlous paen Ratio d34r4i4 i 7 ~ Paxends TTRRYYX tt rrYy Duowef urinkless green * Fit > Te MeV TERIYG EGY Tall round yellous @ Rotio> diyididi dass Me lism > Sse a1 UT Mendal 1822 apr of Mendal f conse only Jeux Monk ured / eee 1851 Uviverety—» Mocth = aepdoma [vienna Collage] > 18565 Cravden peg >A ‘ one expivement aur 195G~ [86Y AW expirement - 9 Yewu @ 1966 37 Book - Publish at “Berea HARE atts Sey (Red Sree 3TH FT” > gh aof & of apport adh fer FT — gay 4 16 Yeons % ae +3 FaAay Mendol 3 Km & Rediscoversel fa Conny Toh Hudade dhadge Haband Austria Gwvmeny & Mendal &t 38 d4a success Fay et RA? ti) 18542. ¥ Evawlation 4 Gook Darwin 4 aa SETAA aT ear 2 "oxigen of shires ” RGAy.. sizer —_f 2 Mendal a it Ser 8 sat em 3. gad ate) book > Juvinet F Jafar A (UAT Limited Circulation ef @ aaéhi—> HIROCECUM PIANT weed THUR gellar (RAT A aR & seen) ® Mendat Success A EKO =? ® o SAY va A moor F ve A cor Ht arate HT HEAT far err... 2. gB3 gad gata Fis Fa fs at WAR... 3. git amd exp. aT Staleal Record GAT 47 4. gel TN Punedines % TRU #1 Cross RAPT ® Mendol + aay & it yar | ? O FR Ph Bi Sexual Plank en © say + Poir- Contrasting trait Quartet feats, @ SBP Crass z el} Pollination Jal posible a Siger & front :- W) Laws of Dominance [Sentara Fay] (2) Law of Segowaation [ yerEacoy qlee nT (3) Law of Independent otsontment [Saar smeyecr an hey] x Law of Dorince © Based on monohyhxid Cross [Pet GAC] 2. Naka loo. law 3. Have ceatainexceptions Ace to this Law .- _s Characters ane contubled. by Factans [pron air fePert07 area gar Bar Ei) —s Factors are present in Pairs rane ust Pore ont 2] : ura ee he apmnaeey oft A oe arene Ht Fi ends & oo S gore aR aT IE aa? a sueret ERE ore vg ata” “when ane pair of allele are brought x Poxerls TTX tt Dornan [Monohybrial cross] yeceesve velalt Figen. Reeceshive acho. [ Remain unexpvessed ] aro ms aX genta a Per een ie Exceptions of Lous Of Dominance w Groomplete Dominance L 3igof gamfaar (2)Codo minance (wegen J Erecopstion’s - Dordnance/ Blendi inhexdtance/ w Treg ce 9 Paxtical Dominance [sifits varftary = dr py er get gga Seer TWA FH ote fear, rit AY parents 8 tet & oft Resembhe oralaaal | sitet are * ow areata Condihan Fx) Gort E aif ei ote % yet Gene aiverrdy uftar OR orgor By A vere et Tico mpleba dominance — Cart camens eb Myvabiliis ylarg ana Panerts RR X VY —sfopite Power variety] Cred Blower] Vord eby Gramet& R zy Figene Rrx Rr [sefing Jo Pink Phenatypic Grenatybic vatio~ 4:9:4 @® Pink: white Codominance C2 FAAAT] Exception of Lav of dominanel) ar & ei che wanton) ante cider Peek FY evar er & srgot yonear Seay & Grae E sag Fi AEF orf gan @ aaah Baa Gre Saw BY A Re waar ps ones sae ANE Bes yah % Paar Ur Roan Calowe Jn Catthes Parents RR x WW [Red Coat calowein Cattte] x White Coot Cobouvin cube R Ww Crenotype & bhenadzbe Ratio aad) gasrexpreed Codominace > AB blood group in humans o AB blood Group H Antigen Aand 8 Sa¥ ore oni Set express HAE Fabre AB blood group it a vou good example of Codorni nance lous of Segneagation TUEROT Fl ToT Nobody have Challenged this Jour Uh) Td Le alto based on Monohy brid Owss @ thas no exception [Smal] ® 34 ds a Universal Jour Low of Seg negation ae cer Shae x ea owyor ARH BH ANE sate ex CH aE Pe he tay he Reet EH ae greg eear'h sae am rawr A gseAY A SAT #1 ree sere Gamete Say —T- is pure fore taLlnors Gramete-t - Ls pure fore dor nord ura ee Jar (aes tts TE Hei Hes oe ora ay oaruer B Mfr vey AA ew Aes, gait & sige 6A E aly gare Motor ea ye & oat @ Parents TT x tt red Blower variety White Blower variety Gramets a t Tt x T+ [Sebfing] as Ss T + T + rte EY rape alate 4 [eT [ tt | te Law of independent ossorctme nt dar siege #1 ferent 4. Gea FT RK sree 3 wg aR ote 3. aA caer fraea Par yao uid gare (are tall FY Fh YY over aT TAT YF spas trator FF ax geyrer zartey’e ed aH Ray BT randomly and Beely seydle a ure = ve id cfr # aarranh Za) oH ott AT aa 2 eq waar arte) > Independant asgordment 3 4 SR swan? > Independant aséortment #1 Ga aS SMF 5 Unkage ([SeeiortaT] 1 ex RAYYX Trdg ypankbed yelbour 923: 30 1-4 green wrinkled F ‘ C Row Round green yolo aes Re Comb) nent ae Faay STOLET Sey ATS 3 UW) dupbicete gene effect = C7 () Comblementryy gene effect 9: @ Supple mercry gens effect 919-4 UW) dominant epistasis = jo'3%! (8) Inhibitory gene effect = 18+ 3 w& Multiple Allsalism— Bateson FE YH AHA ws off ace guar eaedy & ane ex.o-Tt Rr VG According to Baksson :- | cs ufta a 8 aw gar hae Beare Multible Alelism fy saehr fre Gat aRerser. human Blood group Hr ® CA BO) 140 ie i Note: ea falta oftat are dia aa Shae ® That’s why Pudtiple ollsaligm wannat be Atusliedl jn 1a Gndinidual it canbe Atudied only in & Papwtotion Blood group Gamabype A y9y0/1A19 8 nen AG ies ° fort sy Musiple anodes % A Crossing over [eta amare] ort dat — RBC 4 BE KR a sugar Podyrens TIE vir? viraett uae 1 Raa cere > Locus — ae Bam OE Ae ofa OT Tae rs iee wR gett & EP is dominantover ALT Produce sugar] oie dee = A TS ig dominant over I°[T8 Produce sugar] r8T°=8 ABO blood graup js examble of Multiple obtorlism as We O8 Condo minernce, * Pleatrapic thene effeck:- Lone gene ve effect more than one chovcattor] + HUET beengsth Synthesis In pea plant. + Us Lontrabted by two alleles Band b + 6- Produe Jong] Lange strength grains T efficient strength aymthsia J + b- Produce Amast grains [Less trergph atrengh Aprothiip] Linkages Crossing over [EBSUPIAT & vfta RRORT J Mendils Jaw of inhoutance ae applicable on both renes & chrorosomes . AL time of gemete nal § pod oeral Chnomazome Formation ynoler hs anal are independently distributed to game coreg with chromosomes genes cure ato ’ indepenently - «oft ex @ qpreps A ore ont SY aecnraT emf = off GN steit -2. grag fore rE qk Paar HOT feat « Bateson + Pannet & lardny rus at darn fh xcs gay Raat fa waar ste, TA carl | @ 4. CIS auumgement OF genes two dominant gene axe Found on Some Chromosome . AL @ 8 | b 2. Trans arucang ment of gene two clominant gene are nat found on dome. Chromosome le] BI b * According to Batson and Punnet :- ura Styrene ofa ve at Has & ster ee 3 ey wer Hite ee ca Ata A quer ced SI Repukadiorrenp> [ ARNT ERT] « Coupbing CPT) + When two dominent Gene. enker From Same parents they try to Temain “tog eHux . te CIS aovangment:- two dominant Gene are found on same chovomarome . criss 86LL x bbtd Blue B- long Red & Round Pollen varity Pollenvarity ' ——__ BL x bt BhILLX bbLL ( Test Crossy Ber. x bblt Red 4 Rourd Pollen Blues Long Vexty Pollen vaxity BLxX BL v BbLL x bbb [Hest crass J Fecal OL bL BL [pe] BbLJ BPbtd BbLL bbtl— Pc meg ee ae. Recombi nant we Repdusion [ TeFoT] s+ — ua & yore oft aran-2 Uae & yar aE afk St saat -2 wea Har ear @.... Trangg arrangement i Trans > BBLL x bbLL BL x BL Ly, BbLLx bhAL test crogs] BbIL BBLL bbLL b bit SJepi qed Rc. P.c. RC. ® * Batson £ Pannet % exp. H Coupling + Jcepubsiony Pe fey ater EA BY OG Vow oStwr caer gcurt AI? TH. Moxgan + aarar f, asaer 7 uta es, € Phenimonon ‘& Ht ue 2 TeataaT = Bary yfrefor Sey ® & tee Shes omer seus BE # [Linkage] Meetaatar : - Bax aoa % arr Rey Haya? HAD Gen Par A smart Raa San sar AE + Linkage Phenomenon & Ua wAhirr saat BZ + Crozemg over & Gelert soH HIT . Besaar- uffar AP al-2 Taal AT Aer pAt eft Seourar car YE er tet EAE 5d Unkage group > V4 Gf Cuwmosome WU ttly diet GHRT ofa erax Ph TET 4 THR aT falaaty eA Z| > Bukoustes H Geir AE Ff weer sorysy Hwa % anar ANE dipaid no of haploid no. Unkage proup Onganism Chromosome — af Chuvomsormee. 4, Risumuativum = an=l na 2. Maize an=20 n= 10 lo 3. Foeuit Oy an=8 ny 4 ge HEAT HE A AWA PH aaa ort 2 & oem « jena kart AT * offer ate Age Uae 9% d+ geaaray Fa tt ot & chan & a Geaeerar wD 47 KK TEATLAT BT Heed :- Gy RGraaT & scar ae AZ) (2) apo ofa aig a Be ate El () Gof Benet > « forett ear Vem Sahar Gower Naz, + OR Rape By + Yoh aemaay FAT make drosephile Tay a fae (2) SHgof Seenetay + Yaw Whar % MT Recombinant ofl Suar AA} Y, + OE aaa aA aioe 2 | + Recombinants & Sega AA H AH ALT crossing over’, + Crossing over offa ffir + Sema ote ar vere Sat Ate Aaa Ei @® uff > 4. SAUTT APRN 3 non- sicter chromadids % Hear aa? 2. ofa MART Meiosis-1 Rrofhase-1 pachytene dda T diplatene srmar 3 Rand ar 3. (ORF Eur wR ofa Pafleey Ba"S SH chlasmata wEAE offs Tammy H Recombinant eng. #1 3Uaar care) > Pochytene singe 3 chromosome. %, Heer sBNOT det THR AE rad F va TR quer ona? £7 ERT Chromosome % Hear dad dor? a JOT Fa eu ey ult E g Breakage reunion 629%) > Crassing over ® recombintaion dae) Note:> ata ga aetuer gteenear & cor an, Ufa Pay << F844 tte Any 99 Ao 4p EW > offe APaRT LL wf Rfewry + arr, X-ray, radium, yadiation wf ata Ey we Sinification of Crossing aver :- h) ABarar & sour A are % re saa, @) genes are found Jn their fashion on chromato ) ufer Alay F concept #1 UT HUA Teo AAR Fare ot SATE] @ Linking Map/ Gane Map] Chromasome Map aoa ART uf fray Al staft «< distance between g ences Gene Map a1 Formation SORT 7 ag ue ta 4 SPB By Bara wey kere fear era 4 MAP UNIT= 4] Crossing over FE~ 104. otis tae gor B dh ett MGT Koc UNIT R aE Recombination Freyuency oF Crogf over Frequency = No of Individual Sho wing recombination xloo total no. of Frequency @ & Sex Linked Traits | Sex Linked Imhe vitance. Gor Berta car | fetsr BERTI, STAT t rn SORTA & Balter azarae Inhexitance ousnelated With Sex Chromosome ———"—4 le Y~Uinked Y6- human [ Sex chrorosome] y=-Thrornosome siete @ mr led Autosome Kechienosime | > Allotome 1 Female” | Paize 22 Pave 4 Sextinked BET Ut y POEL Roe ® X-Unked Teens “DH. Morgon atamf) ¥ Drosophila Fel AFT R get Red eye of Female Dnosophilla x white eye of Mote dro, Poxentz It x lw) x 7 ul, 007. Female t 4 ane Red Colowe Games, [x] ar ve FiGene ade. Ls a © boy. Make eye wo Redcatour ® S07. Make eye peer BE eT vie « Result > ALL Elieg ore Red Colour Cost IE : White eye Female. Redeye pl Droubls ‘ LOT sHemigygous ay 4 Condition Gamets <- XX fiGen.> bw Hr Legg BT yr ite calao Fagen MOOT WY we Red eye make- 5 07- Red eye female -5 07. White eyeemabe -5o7. Buhite eye make -So7/. 7 TH. Maxgon > CRISS CROSS Tmhecickence [amv > Any desiks is duansffeud one sex to the aFEsbying of opposite Sex ... [erate Grr acrort at 4 BTeraR] evar GR % ora —> Seay Fe aay —» Mate trvanspoc it's chombocsiies to grandson through Camuiec daughter .. Male> Sage Ondo — Female trang Fer charwckex to Grand daughter thorough +h ‘on sen ern 2 Brett 3 OTA He Examples of sex ~lnked Imheritance Heamophilia Coloux BU ndness ‘ acT > Tohn otto (Sew shay X-Uinked Chnomotomess Its Reccexive From [RA Gar % HOT X-linked PTE mayen ered 5a WF cali K Blood chatting ado? 2yeee aE Na ATAU Blood ura Fey Hernobhilia — Royal disease Te} Ra7 [England Qusen Aree ea abr A BS NR ates 27 vy A : Ullfech eA.” XT Factor For blood Clakting Absent fi t For blood Clotting for blood cLatting Absent Abg ent — RAT a BTR Bleeder Disease (44g Jar) FR def) ART > CATA mate H Aa Si XX > Female» Noemal XX > Cawdec female —> yz Normal Alea Za Wr 4T (TE AT] TER RAE) wx > Heamobhelic Ala Rare FE 4 yy > NormaL h ie Male — Blood Clatti xhy + Hemophelic alae ae Saat, Case Femate Mate @ + + eT Wetter [Nosmal] [Heambphybic J xxh XY Xx* XY re Coder Mate Carrier mole Female Nowa Female Novmak —> Joes. + Corurier Fe make > Foor — Noremad Fe make Female Mate. (ates) ART Ke xy yx XY Xx XY. Yo TV Coyuriex. Hemo. Normal Normal Female Male Female Mate L L L L 25), 2% 25, 254 Cose IT > 4 ape x Ape Te aay Ranier X'x x) xe vy XX" XY4q : ee aoe Normal Son hemobeylie cn Daugatee. — [2S/J psy] sv) [254 AblG,» Art Heamphatic: Culobin injection + IE Bleeding a Beare) ® Cataushbdncheat eater] FoF eraT aq > Horner > x-tinked OE > Recizsive rene mK aA at ota Fer St TG ABE az oe — Retina HT Cells % absent A % ereor Ht? me Wor Tas [ranger] ae Bare) ® Test > Tshoro F X X > Normal Femake x Y > TART (Normal) xe > Coloxblindness Female XY — Normoag: mote EY > Colavbhidrass male» Max. BRA F Frye plerar aie Deukronabio Red Colour = t file =x “K we Feet eet [aarr] [olen] + t Xx a a J ar xxo XY xxe XY loo/-Son 10x Daughter aes, hormal ft fax [ weal peqen xx xy xX XY xx" XY t + L 3 @ female C Cc. [Link] aoifter Male Fermale 257, 25% 287 ash Blue colour 3 order Arskosome x-Unked y-u i Imheitonce ila found only in rales, — fa + gqorga Rear Hetexopdoldy ee areredl : ANEUPLOLDY - .. cv Epploidy [sxqgeray] Caaf ‘ peru There Ls change incomplete set of chywrmasome PIA & apart oftatat = nan, 37,4n 576 Euploidy Autopalypllaidy’ Hebropolypalidy [aa agaitar] (maggie) : guar Galer oat ere There is Mubtiptication in Rea Gora) 3 fear Bdme basic et of Lhromosornd omar [pores % girenRer sepecrer Ha 2poTeCT Sai) > Ongenis wlth Ainge Chromadsme —A Two - AA Bowe- AAAA Three AAA Live ~ ARARA * Aneuplaidy ; arqapfrar 3 ater apres g& sot eer B ote 18 ere. air Fan gaat roar B afater arvar®... Ane nee Scio | : a ib No. of Chromosome. [Link] dywmasome Ti Monosomy eee sisowy Tehosomy Phe Baa ibloSomm ‘ Ne : 4 oa an-l=4lL- Aan-d=add antistertra Qnta=aecka weseus ee Chromosome “ye 40> V8 yeti => no Cause due to drsomy of ast Choromassme bantam [3103 7), > O0gemasis % faa aid TTR seu ae et oT aA a3 fume a+ TOR eae... ® g+ Male L L i ay + AS =UF ne aj= ais gorge ot male Female dai Sr étaear | Cose 5 2000]1 fe Soo]! capror C j y ieee > Palm Creage [ eet eT] — open Mouth CEE S87 > @A siyeer _s Stexite [ater] ws Shove pus ght har Re Pek > Small Rounded pend [earanve] > Lobes on Fingex an = cp ecibic Fannow on coun e Tofor & Sra zarer O78 oT i] <> Baroad Nosbits fryer HS J ae dutkaa Henery Turner 4938 Females 9 FSH #T Level MAUT eatrogen Ly 46 + : we xxeNormat—> oe cose 0 x A aah LL wy + xo > @ Govue body Laie d121) e —> ag case F Banx body absent Fernale® 2 &) dromosome aati 4 meni Get Bes acta’ 2 NTR x JOR 4 €F Bone body HERE] webbed Neck -utagga aflay > Overy & Other rebro ductive. Organs develop ore ert? ~ Ailes wa- x > depac = Kune ators ty ndvvorne. te re fT 9 MoLe aa eat a Mate 24, ©) CUT Normal u+XY ease wu+Qxy nat i y Extreme Case > UytX xx Y= 48 YUE XXXXY = 4S & ” He become she * eT e — tga} Aeft ararcy > Gynacomortela~ ote TAA FAT — tay FF [long ustelile] > BS ager a Bhar MINT ~ Smal Herts Smalt Penis > unr drat > x[ stele] PATVE Syndrome [cera] —> | Lakh Tedzomy in (34h Pobe > 13 47 JO exctna, 0 . Sympkorng t- — Abnormal Small head > ea FA siz TK > Laws Budh weight [FR aor Ear] = eer gid Fingwes coRT > sf Ge der 8 TJACob Syndrome — Jooo]/! — Boy b No. of Chnomatome L Normol~ug— x y+u4 Cares Uy Ut XYY PR ante ag agg carer ate] are Height EAE NRT Edward syndrome + I84h No of Chromosome FEW trisomy BS Cage F Body oft MRT aT vlaaT ef HVAT Mutation [seuRtadtar rr a t J Douain + Onektarialonineds cz. Hygo de veles “Sports” FET evening Primose : ¢ — Sudden change fn a Gene ~ Mutation ofa 3 ane arenas aRecfar 4 Adtuenation/ varation is sequences of DA Conn ® organ ¥ arora ofen] > DNAR Sequences Fazer % ROT Grenakybe, aecrat ®.. Grenatybe & deat & bheratype agar unary Changeatn DNA Si Change in 4 (changestn-ann sep]. thenetybe > phi Engtonel 5 frum —» Seth wright ® SAN Gen daar |< SOR Seapets aefiear dhs TS at are... afte Beer t £9 DE cera BA HAY Arona HGHET 4 H Gir soahacer % rer aft... —> Mudatlon f%, acientifie etudy —> TH. Mogan L Drosophitlalrerereet ] SHO am ha Aa H soo sented WHA TRE. #& Pair Muctoion| (ag seuRatt ) :—- change in single Base Pail of DNA:.. CINAA ema afk aoa A URada aire] Ex. Sickle Ceth Anemia amy AT RAAT w Crene Mutoion Cofta seuRadat) Change dn chemical abe. of gene at Mote culo Level [ abag sax ay efter % areata, aes Foe] — uf Gene ctabte 292 sMsaRada aca ca aE > Ub Gene unstable 21 8 saa weuRada sia iia Bae # Genwally — Mutation + hoc mful dirt cmd j mme A gH] use . Pant Grssding brogo eee oe Bel gp —+ Mudation-> Recensive 4% cafe HF Homegygout Comdn [amepuch seer] ® one 8% Mujation’s aKar—> Evolution sie Vaxinition ot. - . L Evalution aRart Mutation tony Baa a HRN Bsr Hugo-dle. eles O Recombination @ Mutation Ex. > Tonising Redatlon— X-Rays Gramma Rays X- Ray STuge Topas Maize Barclay Mublue Stondlnei Y-Roys Tse ae emieas Evoutstion Waa Beer Hz RR Maxi : srr fea eee eee er e * Chemical Mutation [auras Rada] 4 LEMS C Ethyl Methane Suiphonake. 2. MMS C Methyl Methane Subphonate 3. Mustard As 4s Malic Hydrozide 5. 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