Microsoft Excel Formulas Guide
This PDF contains commonly used Microsoft Excel formulas organized by category, including syntax and examples.
Basic Math Formulas
Formula Description Example
=SUM(A1:A10) Adds numbers Total of A1 to A10
=AVERAGE(A1:A10) Calculates average Average of range
=MIN(A1:A10) Smallest value Lowest number
=MAX(A1:A10) Largest value Highest number
=COUNT(A1:A10) Counts numeric cells Number of values
Logical Formulas
Formula Description Example
=IF(A1>50,"Pass","Fail") Conditional logic Checks pass/fail
=AND(A1>0,B1>0) Checks all conditions TRUE if both positive
=OR(A1>0,B1>0) Checks any condition TRUE if either positive
=NOT(A1>0) Reverses condition TRUE if not positive
Text Formulas
Formula Description Example
=CONCAT(A1,B1) Joins text Combines names
=LEFT(A1,3) First characters Gets first 3 letters
=RIGHT(A1,2) Last characters Gets last 2 letters
=LEN(A1) Text length Counts characters
=UPPER(A1) Uppercase text Converts to uppercase
=LOWER(A1) Lowercase text Converts to lowercase
Lookup & Reference
Formula Description Example
=VLOOKUP(A2,D:F,2,FALSE) Vertical lookup Finds matching value
=HLOOKUP(A2,D1:F2,2,FALSE) Horizontal lookup Searches rows
=XLOOKUP(A2,A:A,B:B) Modern lookup Returns matching value
=INDEX(B:B,MATCH(A2,A:A,0)) Flexible lookup INDEX + MATCH
Date & Time
Formula Description Example
=TODAY() Current date Shows today’s date
=NOW() Current date & time Shows timestamp
=DATEDIF(A1,B1,"Y") Difference in years Calculates age
=TEXT(A1,"dd-mm-yyyy") Formats date Custom format
Financial Formulas
Formula Description Example
=PMT(rate,nper,pv) Loan payment Monthly installment
=FV(rate,nper,pmt) Future value Investment growth
=PV(rate,nper,pmt) Present value Current investment value
Dynamic Array Formulas
Formula Description Example
=FILTER(A1:C10,B1:B10>50) Filters data Rows above 50
=SORT(A1:A10) Sorts values Ascending order
=UNIQUE(A1:A10) Unique values Removes duplicates
Tip: Excel formulas always start with an equals sign (=). You can combine formulas to create powerful spreadsheets
and dashboards.