8 Rotation

V1
rks pyks 'kq: djrs gS ,d ,slk chapter ftlls cPpks dks
lcls T;knk Mj yxrk gS... bcz this chapter says V2
Rigid body
m1
q1 q2
A V1 cos q1 B V2 cos q2 m2

Not Rigid body

Component of velocity along line joining A & B is same.
In a Rigid Body → V2cosq2 = V1cosq1

Types of Motion of a Rigid Body

HkkbZ lp cksyw rks ;s chapter cgqr gh etsnkj gS cl blls

Mjuk ugh gS... eSus youtube channel JEE Wallah ij
rotation dh 12 hr non-stop ,d class ys j[kh gS...
For more better understanding you can watch it
(or search saleem sir rotation motion on youtube)
Mains vkSj Advance nksuks osQ pov ls ;s cgqr important
chapter gS vkSj ftruk content eS ;g¡k cover dj jgk 1. Pure translation: Each points have same velocity.
g¡w that sufficient for you to build your concept... 2. Fixed axis rotation: Body rotates about a fixed axis.
almost gj izdkj osQ question eSus ;g¡k cover dj fn, gS 3. CRTM: Body rotates as well as translate.
pyks start djrs gSA
w
V2 = r 2 w
r1 r2
90-q2 q2
1
-q
90

RIGID BODY A q1 B

A rigid body is an object where the gap between any V1 = r1w

two points on the body do not change w.r.t time. V1 cos q1 = V2 cos q2
V2 sin q2 V1 sin q1
A wB/A =
AB
Not Rigid body
B V2 sin q2 V1 sin q1
Rigid body = m
r1 sin q1 r2 sin q2

Here, Distance AB not r2 w sin q2 r1 w sin q1 r

= =w
not changing with time. r1 sin q1 r2 sin q2
Hence, we can say that in rigid body w of any point Q. Find moment of inertia of following system of
about any general point is same. particles about x-axis, y-axis and z-axis.
y 4kg
1kg
Rotation 'kq: djus ls igys ges ,d (3, 4)
(–6, 8) (0, 4) 3kg
article i<+uk iM+sxk Moment of inertia
(MOI) ftlus vkidks dkiQh maths ns[kus
dks feysxh.... tSls igys inertia gksrk Fkk 2kg
(tendency of an object to resist x
(3, 0)
changes in its state of motion) mlh
izdkj rotation esa property to oppose 5kg
to change in rotation motion is
called MOI. (–4, –4)

Sol. Ix =0 + 4 × 42 + 3 × 42 + 5 × 42 + 1 × 82 = 256
Iy =2 × 32 + 4 × 32 + 0 + 5 × 42 + 1 × 62 = 170
MOMENT OF INERTIA (MOI)
Iz =2 × 32 + 4 × 52 + 3 × 42 + 1 × 102 + 5 × (4 2)2
= 18 + 100 + 48 + 100 + 160
It is a property of a body by virtue of which it opposes
= 426
to change in its rotation motion.
Also, Iz = Ix + Iy = 256 + 170 = 426
For a point mass
MOI of a point mass about vjs ;s ns[kk rqeus.... ns[kk dh ugh fd Iz = Ix + Iy vkx;k....
an axis is calculated as m
2 ar
I = mr where r is the ⊥
distance from axis. r

For system of discrete

particle (point mass)
D;ksa vk;k D;k ges'kk vk,xk.... ?
I= mi ri 2

For a continuous body JEE Mains Favorite Question

I = dm . x 2

Q. Three particles of mass m each are kept at an

Q. Find moment of inertia of following system of equilateral triangle of side L. Find MOI about x,
particles about y-axis. y and z axis.

y L L 3
m ,
Iy 2 2
vcs ;g¡k 5
kg osQ MOI
5kg 0 2kg osQ fy, L
x L
(3, 0) minus er
(–4, 0)
yxk nsuk ge
MOI fudky
jgs gS uk dh 60°
centre of m
2
Sol. Iy = 2 × 3 + 5 × 4 2
mass Ix
(0, 0) m (L, 0)
= 18 + 80 = 98

195
Rotation
 2 L
L 3 3mL2
Sol. Ix = 0 + 0 + m = I= ldx.x2
2 4 0
L
2
L 5mL 2
I= l0x.x2dx
Iy = 0 + mL2 + m =
2 4 0

l 0 L4
2 2
=
L L 3 4
Iz = 0 + mL2 + m = 2mL2
2 2
Q. Find moment of inertia of uniform rod about
axis as shown in figure passing through its
Q. Find moment of inertia of uniform rod about axis centre
as shown in figure passing through one of its end I
m
(l = = linear mass density). (Uniform m, L)
L
m
l= Centre
L
(m, L, Uniform) mL2
I=
m 12
Sol. We can consider the above rod as two rods of
Axis m L
mass and length .
2 2
2
m L
Sol. dm = ldx w 2 2 mL2
2 I= 2=
dI = dmx dm 3 12

dI = dm.x2 HkkbZ bls integration ls Hkh dj ldrs gS... rqe yksx

x dx
L try djks
I= ldx.x2 $ L /2 L /2

0 Hint: I ! % dm " x2 ! % &dx " x2

L # L /2 # L /2

2
=l x .dx
0 I=0
0 Axis
lL3 m L3 mL2 I=0
I= = =
3 L 3 3 Moment of inertia of rod about the given axis will
be 0.
Q. Find moment of inertia of rod whose linear mass
density is given by l = lox about axis passing 0
through one end as shown in figure. Axis is perpendicular to plane
ml2
Moment of inertia in the given case will be I =
3
I
Q. Find MOI for following where a particle of
l = l0 x mass m is attached at the end of rod of mass m
and length L.
x dx I

(m, L) Point mass

m
Sol. dI = dmx2
mL2 4 2
dI = dm.x2 I= mL2 = mL
3 3
196 Physics P
W
 Q. A rod makes an angle q with the axis of rotation.
vxj uniform ring dh txg m mass dk non-
Find MOI about the given axis.
uniform ring gksrk ;k m mass dk arc/semi
I=?
ring gksrk rks Hkh I = mr2 vkrk lkspks lkspks
q
0 MOI of Hollow cylinder (m, R) about axis as shown
in figure.
m, L

Sol. I=? (m, L) uniform rod Hollow cylinder

R
x I = mR2
q dx
dm
r = x sin q

Q. Find MOI of uniform Disc of mass m and radius

R about axis perpendicular to the plane of disc
dI = dm.r2 (r: perpendicular distance)
and passing through centre.
2
dI = ldx (x sin q) Top view Side view
L w mR2
2 2 I=
= lsin q x dx 2
0
I mR2
m 2 L 3 I=
= sin q 2
L 3
ML2 sin2 q
=
3 m
Sol. Surface mass density s =
pR2
Method-2: SKC
Area of thin strip of width dr
vxj rod osQ lkjs mass dks eS uhps mrkj y¡w
dA = 2pr . dr
rks  sin q length dh ,d rod cu tk,xh
Mass of element = dm = s dA
m (L sin q)2
hence I = dm = s dA Disc
3
dr (m, R)
MOI = dI = dm.r2
0 MOI of a uniform ring (m, R) about axis as shown r
dI = sdA.r2
in figure.
R
dm
Top view Side view dI = s2pr.drr2
Ring (m, R) w 0

R
= s2p r3dr
dm
0
Axis dr
m R4 2pr
= .2p.
pR2 4

I = (dm)R2 = R2 dm = mR2 mR2

=
2
I = mR2
197
Rotation
 Q. Find MOI of hollow cone about an axis passing Q. Using parallel axis theorem calculate MOI of
through its apex and perpendicular to its base. rod about axis passing through end as shown in
figure.
hollow
cone Solid I IC
m cylinder
mR2 uniform rod
I=
2 (m,L)
com

R
L/2
Sol. hollow cone & solid cylinder have same MOI.
Q. Four rods of length R mass m each and a Sol. I = Ic + md2
ring of mass m and radius R are arranged as
shown. Find MOI about axis as shown in figure mL2 L
= 12 m(L / 2)2 d=
about O. 2

m Ring mL2 mL2 mL2 mL2

= = (1 3) =
12 4 12 3
m m
o Q. Find MOI (I) of ring of mass m and radius R
m about axis perpendicular to its plane as shown
Rod
in figure
IC I
mR2 7mR2
2
Sol. MOI = I0 = 4 mR =
3 3
O
Parallel Axis Theorem
d
MOI (Ic) about an axis passing through COM is
related to MOI (I) about an axis parallel to axis 2
Sol. I = Ic + md [Parallel axis theorem]
passing through COM and at a distance d from it by
following relation. I = mR2 + mR2
IC I
2
I = Ic + md
I = 2mR2
where I and Ic Axis
d
should be parallel Q. Find MOI (I) about axis as shown in figure.
com IC
d is shortest distance I
between both axis.
Ic is MOI of axis passing
through com.
Parallel Disc (m, R)
R
lCM
lparallel
2
Sol. I = Ic + md [From parallel axis theorem]
2
lparallel = lCM + Md
mR2
d I= + mR2
2

3mR2
I=
2

198 Physics P
W
 Q. Find the MOI of Disc. at an axis passes through Q. For which value of x moment of inertia (I)
ar
A & ⊥ to the plane of Disc. is minimum? Where I = 2x2 – 12x + 27 here
x-coordinate of com
IC
(Disc m, R) IA Sol. After differentiation we get
dI/dx = 4x – 12 = 0
x=3
com A d Perpendicular Axis Theorem
O R/2
0 If I1, I2 are moment of inertia about axis
perpendicular to each other in the plane of body
and I3 is moment of inertia about axis perpendicular
to plane & passing through intersection of I1 & I2
Sol. IA = IC + md2 axis then.
2 I3 = I1 + I 2
MR2 R 3
= m = mR2 I1
2 2 4

lCM
lparallel
I2
lparallel = lCM + Md2 O
I3
d I3 = I1 + I 2
from perpendicular
axis theorem.
0 This theorem valid for planar, 2D body only
Q. Find the MOI of a rod about an axis through its
centre of mass and perpendicular to the length
whose linear density varies as l = ax where a is
a constant and x is the position of an element
of the rod relative to its left end. The length of # काम का डब्बा
the rod is . 0 This theorem only applicable in plane bodies
(2D).

a 4
Sol. I = dmx2 = )
ldx x2 =
4
(l = ax) 0 I3 = I1 + I2 or Iz = Ix + Iy
0 0 I1 and I2 dk point of intersection t:jh ugh
Location of CM from one end. gS fd COM gh gksA

I 0 I1 I2 body osQ plane es ,d nwljs osQ perpendicular
xldx axis gS vkSj I3 body osQ plane osQ perpendicular
0 2
=d= = x dx I1 I2 osQ point of intersection ls ikl gksus okyh
 3
ldx axis gS
0
CM z
d
I = Icm + md2

a2 O
 m = ldx = x
2

a 4 a2 4 2 a 4
∴ Icm = −  = y
4 2 9 36

199
Rotation
 Q. Find MOI about an axis in plane of a ring passing
ml2 2
from the centre of ring as shown in figure. I4 = I2 = ml
3 12
(Ring m, R) Find
I=?

Sol. From perpendicular axis theorem

mb2
I = I2 b I1 =
I 1 + I 2 = I3 Ring 12
[I1 = I2 = I]
I + I = mR2
I = I1
2I = mR2 I3 mb2
I3 =
3
mR2
I=
2 2
I2 = ml
12
Q. Find moment of inertia about an axis in the
plane of disc (m, R) passing through centre
along diameter.
mb2
I b I1 =
(Disc, m, R) 12
I0 O

mb2 m 2
I0 = +
12 12
I2 Q. Now, consider a square plate of mass m and
Sol. I1 + I2 = I3 side length L. Find MOI about all the axis you
I x = Iy = I calculated in the previous question.
mR2 I1 Sol. Put L = b = L in above question
I+I= I3
2
ml2
mR2 I4 I1 =
I= 12
4

0 Suppose we have a sheet/plate of mass m and

dimension × b as shown in figure. I0
Plate m I2

Sheet b
mL2
I3 =
3

200 Physics P
W
 mL2 We Know ,
I3 = = I4 Apply perpendicular axis theorem for diagonals
3
mL2
mL2 I+I= [I1 = I2 = I]
I1 = = I2 6
12
mL2
I=
mL2
mL3
mL 2
12
I0 = =
12 12 6

0 MOI of a cuboid about centre

m(L2 b2 )
12 # काम का डब्बा
L
MOI about any axis passing through centre of
b square plate in plane of square plate is same
mL2
=
O 12
h ml2
ml2
ml 2
12 ml2
12
12 12

mL2 mb2 Square plate

I0 =
12 12 ml2
0 MOI of a cube of mass m and side L about its O 12
centre
ml2
mL2
I= 12
6
ml2
12
Note:
Square plate ke plane es centre ls pass gksus okyh
mL2
har axis ds about MOI gksxkA
12
Q. Calculate MOI of a square plate about diogonal.
Q. Find MOI IA & IC about axis as shown in figure
for square plate of mass m and side length L
I=?
Square
plate IC

Sol. IA
I1
Sol. IA = IC + md2
mL2
I3 We Know, IC =
6
I2 2
mL2 L mL2 mL2 2
= m = = mL2
I 1 + I 2 = I3 (Perpendicular axis theorem) 6 2 6 2 3

201
Rotation
 Q. In above question find IB (square plate M, L) Q. Four rods each of mass m and length L form
L square. Find MOI (I0) about the axis as shown
in the figure.
L/2
2 2
I= mL
O 3
B
com
L/2
2 2
I= mL
I0 3
Sol. (M-I) IB = IC + md2 [Parallel axis theorem]
2
mL2 L
IB = m
6 2
Sol. From perpendicular axis theorem
5
Or IB = mL2 I0 = I1 + I 2
12
2 2 2 2 4 2
I0 = mL mL = mL
(M-II) From perpendicular axis theorem. 3 3 3
mL2 Q. Two rods (m, L) are kept as shown in the figure.
3
Find I1 and I2 ?
ml2
y
B 12 I1
(m, L)

I2
45°
IB = I2 + I1 45°
Iz x
mL2 mL2 5mL2 (m, L)
IB = =
3 12 12

Q. Four rods each of mass m and length L form

square. Find MOI, I about the axis as shown in mL2 mL2
Sol. (Ix) = 0=
the figure. 3 3

I mL2 mL2
1 (Iy) = 0 + =
3 3

4 2 I z = Ix + I y

mL2 mL2 2mL2

(Iz) = =
3 3 3 3

Sol. (a) I = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 I1 = ?

2 2 I1 → Axis passing through origin and lies in the

mL2 L mL2 L
I= m m xy-plane.
12 2 12 2

2 2 mL2 sin2 45 mL2 sin2 45 mL2

I= mL I1 = =
3 3 3 3

202 Physics P
W
 Q. Calculate MOI(I) of square plate about an axis Q. Find I about axis as shown in figure
as shown in figure. I

I Solid spheres
45° mL2 (m, R)
IC =
L 12

Square plate
/
2

(m, L)
com

d
2 2
Sol. I = mR2 mR2 mR2 2
5 5

Now you can solve.

Sol. Using parallel axis theorem

I = IC + md2 Q. Find MOI of a semi circular disc of mass m and

2
radius R about axis perpendicular to its plane
mL2 L 7 and passing through centre.
= m = mL2
12 2 12
I
Q. Find MOI (I) of a solids sphere (m, R) about an
(m,R)
axis as shown in figure.

IC I
Sol.

(2m, R)
com
(m, R)
=
(m, R)
d

Sol. From parallel axis theorem Complete disc will have mass 2m, if MOI of

I = IC + md2 semi disc is I, then

Moment of inertia of complete disc is given by
2 7
= mR2 mR =
2
mR2
5 5 R2
I + I = (mass of complete disc)
2
Q. Find I about an axis as shown in figure
2mR2
2I =
(Solid sphere 2
I
m, R) mR2
I=
R 2
R
;w¡ le> yks fd vius eu ls geus ,d identical
same mass dh half disc assume djyh
ftlls ,d 2m mass dh disc complete
7 7 14
Sol. I = mR2 mR2 = mR2 cu xbZA
5 5 5

203
Rotation
 Q. Find MOI of quarter disc of mass m and radius Mtotal L2
R about axis perpendicular to its plane and Isquare =
6
passing through centre. 4m L2
4I =
6
mL2
I=
m, R 6

vc uhps eS ,slk cs'kje ques. add dj jgk g¡w

I=?
Sol. tks igys advance es vk;k Fkk vkSj JEE mains
Same method ls
es almost gj lky iqNk tkrk gS bls vPNs ls
geus rhu quarter practice dj ysukA
I I disc vkSj j[k dj
4m mass dh ,d Q. From a uniform disc of mass M and radius R,
complete disc another disc of radius R/2 is removed as shown
I I in fig. Find the MOI of the remaining part about
cuk yh ftldk net
(4m, R) MOI 4I cu x;k an axis perpendicular to the disc and passing
through O, A, B.
R2
4I = (4m)
2
A B
mR2 O R/2
I=
2

Q. Find MOI, I of a sector of circle having mass m, Sol.

radius 'R' about axis shown in figure. vjs ;kn gS uk COM es Hkh ,sls ques fd, FksA
R I
I 60 q R
m R/2
m

Sector
(6m)R 2
Sol. 6I =
2

mR2 मान लो एक -ve mass ki disc B, badi vali disc A ke

I= upar raki hai to ye ques wali body 2 disc se milkar
2
bani hai
mA = spR2 = m(let)
Q. Find MOI, I of right angle triangular lamina 2
about the axis shown? R −m
mB = −sp =
2 4

2
90° m R
2
mR2 4 2 m R
IO = −
2 2 4 2
Sol. (four triangles makes square bigger disc small disc
m, I
of mass 4 m) m R
2

m, I m, I 2
mR2 R 4 2
IA = m −
m, I 2 2 2
bigger disc smaller disc
204 Physics P
W
 2
m R
2
mR2 4 2 m R
IB = mR 2
−
2 2 4 2
bigger disc smaller disc # काम का डब्बा
Q. A hole of radius R/2 is cut from a solid sphere
of radius R. If the mass of the remaining of 0 (m, L)
sphere is M, then find moment of inertia of the I
body about an axis through O.
rod
r
R
O R/2 I = mr2

Sol. 57/140 MR2

0
w
R
S2 (Uniform, m, L)
S1
M
mL2
I=
S1 + S 2 = S 3
I
IS1 + IS2 = IS

4 R3 M
M2 = ρ p = (mass of hole) 0 I
3 8 7
M (Uniform m, L)
where ρ = 3
4 3 4 R
pR − p
3 3 2 Centre
MOI of hole about 'O' mL2
I
2 2 12
2M R M R
IS2 =
5 7 2 7 2

7 M R2 MR2
0 Ring, uniform or non-uniform both
= = Top view
5 7 4 20
I = mR2
2 M 2
IS = M R
5 7

16M 2
= R
35
∴ IS1 = IS − IS2

16 MR2 (m, R) I = mR2

= MR2 − 0
35 20
Arc
57
= MR2
140

205
Rotation
 w Radius of Gyration
0 Disc I = mR2/2
It is the perpendicular distance from a given axis
at which entire mass of object supposed to be
concentrated (like point mass) without changing the
MOI.

I = mk2 I

0 I I = mR2/2 Radius m
q Total of gyration
mass R
m

Sector
Q. Find radius of gyration of rod as shown in
figure.
0 Solid cylinder Hollow cylinder
mL2
I=
3
m,

m
k

Sol. I = mK2
mL2
= m × K2
3
I = mR2/2 I = mR2
L
K= , where K = Radius of gyration.
3
0 Solid cone Hollow cone
Q. Find radius of gyration.

R R mL2
2 2 Sol. I = = mk2
I = 3mR /10 I = mR /2 12
L
k=
0 Solid sphere Hollow sphere/Shell 12
2 2 Q. Find radius of gyration about axis passing
I= mR2 I= mR2
5 3 through A as shown in figure.

Disc (m, R)

O I
A

206 Physics P
W
 mR2 Q. A = 4i + 7j
Sol. IA = + mR2 [Parallel axis theorem]
2
B = 3i + 5j
3
= mR2 Sol. A × B = (4i + 7j ) × (3i + 5j ) = 0 + 20k – 21k + 0
2
= –k
3
mR2 = mk2
2 Q. A = 2i + 3j + 4k

3 B = 5i + 6j + 7k
k= R
2 Sol. A × B = (2i + 3j + 4k ) + (5i + 6j + 7k )
Q. Find radius of gyration for rod (m, L) and mass
= 12k – 14j – 15k + 0 + 21i + 20j – 24i + 0
'm' as shown in figure.
= 3k + 6j – 3i
O (m, L)
m
Sol. Radius of gyration (k) I = mk2
TORQUE
mL2 4mL2
IO = + mL2 =
3 3
I = (2m)k2 0 Torque of a force about a point is the moment of
the force about that point.
2
k= L 0 Vector quantity having unit Newton-meter (Nm).
3
Torque of Force F about 'O', is defined as
Cross Product t =r ×F
t = rFsinq
vjs ;kn gS uk vector es i<+k Fkk..... cross product dk vc
(magnitude)
;g¡k vPNk use gksxk so vkxs c<+us ls igys cross product
fudkyuk vPNs ls lh[k yks y
Cross q
r F
product be A
like

q
x
O

SKC
Cross product C of A and B is defined as

0 C = A × B = AB sin q C B
r oks gS ftldh iw¡N ogk¡ ij gS ftlds about
vector
0 |C| = AB sin q C ckgj q C=A×B torque iwaN jgk gS vkSj eqaMh ogk¡ gS tgk¡ Force gSA
(Coming
A → mag. of A
out) A Q. Find torque of Force F about ‘ ’
B → mag. of B
y
q → Angle between A and B (3, 4)
r F = 10 N
0 Direction of A × B is perpendicular to plane of A
and B. Its direction is given by right hand thumb
rule.
x
0 ^i × ^i = 0 ^
j ×^
j =0 k ×k =0 O

207
Rotation
Sol. r = 3i^ + 4j F sin q
F
F = 10i^ O
(4) q
t 0 = r × F = (3i^ + 4j^) × 10i^ F cos q
L/2
t 0 = 0 – 40k L
t0 = Fsinq (Acw)
2
Q. Find torque of forces about hinge.
CONCEPT O
10 cos 37 = 4N
4m 37°

t =r ×F y F cos q 10N
t = rFsinq 10 sin 37 = 6N
q
t = r(Fsinq) F Sol. t0 = 4 × 6 = 24(Cw) (t = rF⊥)
r t 0 = 24(–k )
t = rF⊥
F sin q = F1 Q. Find torque of forces shown about hinge.
q
magnitude x
O 10 2 N
or
4m 45°
t = (rsinq).F F O
2m 37°
t = r ⊥F
r 10 N
magnitude r⊥ r sin q = r⊥
Sol. 10 N

q 2m
t = rF⊥ = r⊥F O 8N
O 10 N
magnitude
6N
Q. Find t abt O of force F.
(t0) = –2 × 6 + 10 × 4
O F (Cw) (Acw)
(1) = –12 + 40
r (Cw) (Acw)

t0 = rF (Acw) = +28 Acw

Note: Acw = k cw = –k
O
Q. Find torque by mg force about projection point
(2) F rFsinq = 0
(1) when particle at highest point, (2) just
[q = 0]
before it hits the ground (3) at time t.
t0 = 0 Sol. y
(R/2, Hmax)
Agar koi force F Axis ls pass dj x;k rks mldk Method-1
 R
torque zero gksxk (1) r = ˆi Hmax ˆ
j r
mg
2
x
F sin q F = mg(–j^) (0, 0)
(3)
F
Rˆ R
O q F cos q t = i Hmax ˆ
j [mg( −ˆ
j)] = mg(–k) + 0
2 2
r mgR
t = (–k) = cw
t0 = rFsinq (Acw) 2

208 Physics P
W
 (2) Just before it hits the ground Q. Find torque of forces about hinge A.
r = Ri^ 10 2
F = –mgj
2m 1 45°
t = –mgRk 50N
A 1m
(3) At anytime 't' 20N
r = xi + yj Sol. tA = –(2 × 20) + (3 × 10) + 0 = – 40 + 30 = – 10 (Cw)
t A = 10 (–k)
1
r = ucos q ) tiˆ u sin qt − gt2 j
2 0 If F net = 0 on body.
F = mg(–j^) then t net abt all point will be same.

t = r × F = –mg u cosq ⋅ t (k)

Method-2 EQUILIBRIUM
(1) t = r⊥F (magnitude)
R
t= mg (cw) ns[k HkkbZ equilibrium dk uke rqe igys lqu pqosQ gks... NLM
2
esa tc geus equilibrium i<+k Fkk rks og¡k fnet = 0 fd;k Fkk
y
means translation equilibrium mlh izdkj if tnet = 0
it means rotational equilibrium....
Now we can say if a body is in
equilibrium that means body is in
mg translation equilibrium (fnet = 0) as well
as rotational equilibrium (tnet = 0 about
O x any point)
R/2
(2) t0 = r⊥F t ki calculation ke liye mg ko com ij yxkvksA
t0 = Rmg
y
Q. A rod of mass m and length L is hanging by two
strings attached at it ends as shown in figure.

x
O R
mg

Q. Find torque of forces about hinge.

6N Find tension in both string if the rod is in
10N equilibrium.
20N
37° 2 Sol. Torque about C is zero.
2 2 63° L L
tC – T1 + 0 + T2 = 0
2 2
10N CW ACW
8N ⇒ T1 = T2
Sol. t 0 = +6 × 2 – 8 × 4 + 20 × 6 T1 + T2 = mg
(ACW) (C.W) (ACW) mg
Hence T1 = T2 =
t 0= 100 ACW 2

209
Rotation
 Q. A rod of mass m and length L is hanging by two From equation (i) & (ii) we get,
strings as shown in figure. mg
T = Ny =
2
Or tA = 0
T1 T2
L/2 L/3 L
mg = TL
2
Rod (m, L)
mg
C mg T=
2
Rod is in equilibrium, find tension in both string. Q. A disc of mass m and radius R is hanging as
shown in figure. Find T and hinge force
Sol. At equilibrium
T1 + T2 = mg ...(i) (Net force zero)
Ny T
tC = 0 (Net torque zero)
hinge
L 0
L
T1 – T2 = 0 Nx=0
2 3 Disc (m, R)
mg
L L
T1 = T2
2 3
Assume hinge force components be Nx & Ny
3
T2 = T1 ...(ii) Sol. Ny + T = Mg
2
mg
2 t0 = O ⇒ Ny = T =
Ans. T1 = mg 2
5 NyR = TR
3 Q. A ladder is resting as shown in figure. Wall is
T2 = mg
5 smooth, floor is rough coefficient of friction
Q. A rod of mass m and length L is hanging at one between ladder and floor is m.
end by string and at other end it is hinged as m=0
Ladder (m, L)
shown in figure.
eqbm

Hinge
m
Rod is in equilibrium, find Tension in string and q
hinge force.
Find mmin so that ladder remain at rest.
Sol. Ny
T Sol.
Nx C
m=0
Nwall
A
mg
At equilibrium
Ny + T = mg ...(i)
Nx = 0 A q
Ng f
Also tc = 0 mg
Torque about c is zero Torque about point A = 0
L TL tnet = 0 (abt A)
Ny =
2 2 L
T = Ny ...(ii) mg cos q = Nwall L sin q
2

210 Physics P
W
 mgcot q Sol. t0 = 0 Torque about O is zero
Nwall = =f 100 × 4 = mg × 2
2
f = mNg = mmg m = 20 kg
At equilibrium
mgcot q
= mmg N = mg + 100 = 200 + 100 = 300
2 Q. System is in equilibrium. Find N
cot q N
mmin = 2m 3m 2m
2
Q. A man of mass 10 kg is climbing on ladder of m O 5kg 10kg
mass 40 kg and length 10m as shown in figure.
Man is standing at 4 m form end A of ladder. mg 50 100
Wall is smooth floor is rough A boy (10 kg) is Sol. t0 = 0, torque about O is 0
standing at 4m from lower end.
50 × 3 + 100 × 5 = mg × 2
(ladder m, L m=0 (ladder
150 + 500 = m × 20
equbm) 40kg, 10m)
Nwall 650
m= = 32.5 kg (i)
Rest 20
Balancing forces we get,
N = mg + 50 + 100 = 325 + 150 = 475 Newton
4m
Q. On a seesaw weights are kept as shown in figure.
q f 2m N
m Ng A m 5kg (10 kg, 10m)
100 com
400 platform
O
Given: q = 37°
mg 100 50
Find mmin so that ladder remains at rest
seesaw is in equilibrium. Find m = ?, N = ?
Sol. At equilibrium Sol. t0 = 0, taking torque about O
Ng = 400 + 100 = 500 N 100 × 3 + 50 × 8 = mg × 2
Nwall = f 700
m= = 35 Kg
[Net torque about A = 0] 2
Q. A 3.0 kg bobbin consists of a central cylinder
100 x 4cos37 + 400 x 5cos37° = Nwall x 10sin37°
of radius 5.0 cm and two end plates each of
4 4 radius 6.0 cm. It is placed on a slotted incline,
⇒ 400 x + 2000 x = Nwall x 6
5 5 where friction is sufficient to prevent sliding.
A block of mass 4.5 kg is suspended from a cord
1600
⇒ Nwall = = 320 = f wound around the bobbin and passing through
5 (the slot under the incline. If the bobbin is in
f = mN static equilibrium, what is the angle of tilt of
the incline? Bobin mass M = 3 kg
320 = m × 500
320
mmin = = 0.64
500
Q. On a seesaw weights are kept as shown in figure
m = 4.5 kg
seesaw is in equilibrium.
N Sol.
N FBD of bobbin
4m
m o 10kg N
O f
2m f
Mg
75
100 T = 45
Find m and normal force by seesaw and platform. 30

211
Rotation
 f = 75 sin q 0 Kinetic Energy in Pure Rotation:
t about 0 = 0 1
∴T×5=f×6 KE = Iw2 w
2
45 × 5 = 75 × 6 × sin q ⇒ q = 30° I is the MOI about fix axis.
Q. The figure shown is in equilibrium. Find out the
extension in the spring (in cm).
PROOF
w

1
Ki = mv2
2 i i
where vi = ri w
Sol. [100.00]
The sum of such terms over the whole body gives
1 1 1
K= m w2r2 = m w2r2 = ( mr 2
)w2
2 i i 2 i i 2 i i

Q. A rod of mass m and length L is rotating with

angular velocity w about axis as shown in figure.
Find kinetic energy of rod.
T1 = 70g + kx ...(i) w

T2 = 40g ...(ii)
T1 (0.3) = T2 (0.6) ...(iii) 1 1 mL2 2
Sol. KE = Iw2 = w
⇒ 70g + kx = 80g 2 2 3
kx = 10g Q. A rod of mass m and length L is rotating with
∴ x = 1m angular velocity w about axis as shown in figure.
Find kinetic energy of rod.
w
FIXED AXIS ROTATION KE = ?

1 mL2 2
Sol. KE = . w
2 12
igys bldh feel yks dh geus fdlh body dks fdlh
fix point ij hinge dj fn;k gS vkSj mldks Q. A disc of mass m and radius R is rotating with
rotate dj fn;k gSA angular velocity w about axis as shown in figure.
Find kinetic energy of disc.

1 1 mR2 2
Sol. KE = Iw2 = . w
2 2 2
212 Physics P
W
 Q. Find K.E of rod & particle fixed on it rotating as Q. Find KE of square plate (m, L) if the axis of
shown in figure. rotation is as shown.

w
m Fix w

(m, L)

1 1 mL2
Sol. KE = Iw2 = mL2 w2 1 1 5
2 2 3 Sol. KE = Iw2 = mL2 w2
2 2 12
Q. Find K.E
Fixed Axis Rotational Motion
w L/4
com t axis = Iaxis a or t = Ia
(m, L)
Axis
Q. A rod of mass m and length L is hinged as shown
2
mL 2
L in figure. At t = 0 is string is cut, find angular
Sol. Moment of inertia about axis = +m acceleration a just after the string is cut?
12 4
2
1 1 mL2 L t=0
KE = Iw2 = +m w2 O
2 2 12 4

Q. Find K.E of disc. Axis

Sol. Suppose hinged force has component Nx and Ny
Disc (m, R) as shown in figure FBD of rod is

w O Ny
com
Axis
Nx
O
mg
L mL2
tAxis = t0 = mg . = Ia = a
1 1 mR2 2 3
Sol. KE = Iw2 = + mR2 w2
2 2 2 3g
a=
2L
Q. Find K.E
Q. A rod of mass m and length L is hinged as shown
w
in figure. At t = 0 is string is cut, find angular
acceleration a just after cut the string
O
Disc (m, R) L/4 L/4 t=0

Axis O mg
1 1 mR2 2 L
Sol. KE = Iw2 = w Sol. t0 = mg = Ia
2 2 4 2
2

Q. Find K.E of square plate mass m side L. L mL2 L

mg = m a
2 12 4

L a=
w Q. A square plate of mass m and side length L is
hinged as shown in figure. At t = 0 is string is
1 1 mL2 2 cut, find angular acceleration a just after the
Sol. KE = Iw2 = w
2 2 6 string is cut.

213
Rotation
 R R mR2
t=0 Sol. t0 = +3FR + 4FR + 5F + 3F –2FR = a
2 3 2
a = ( ) (Cw)
Axis square plate (m, L)
vc eS rotation motion dk one of the most
mg important ques. add dj jgk gw¡ tks de ls de
10 ckj bl chapter es use gksxk vkSj exams es
Sol. t0 = I0a
2
Hkh ckj&ckj iwNk tkrk gSA bles gj ,d pht tks iwNh
L mL2 L gS mlosQ vPNs ls practice dj ysukA
mg = m a
2 6 2
Q. A rod of mass m and length L is hinged as shown
a=
in figure. At t = 0 is string is cut.
Q. Find a just after string is cut?

t=0 cut
Rod
O m
(m, L)
(a) Find angular acceleration just after (t = 0)
Axis
mg mg string is cut?
a
Sol. t0 = Ia
O
L mL2 mg
mg + mgL = mL2 a
2 3 Sol. Torque about O
rod mass mgL mL2 3g
t0 = = a=a=
Q. On a horizontal floor disc(m, R) can rotate 2 3 2L
about axis. Find a (b) Find linear acc. of points of A, B, C
F
R A com
B
O (Hz. Floor m = 0) C
a L/4
Sol. w = 0 ⇒ centripetal acc of each point = 0
F Net acceleration = centripetal acceleration +
F tangential acceleration
Sol. t0 = I0a
anet = at (Only tengential)
mR2
FR FR FR = a L
CW CW CW 2 aA = (at)A = ra = a
4
mR2 aB = rB a = La
3FR = a
2
L
6F aC = a
a= 2
mR
(c) Find the hinge force?
Q. Forces are acting on disc of mass m and radius
R as shown in figure. Find angular acceleration Ny
a. t=0
com
3F
disc(m, R) Nx L
Oa a= a
3F 2
R/3
O mg
5F
R/2 4F L L 3g 3g 3g
acom = a= . = a=
2 2 2L 4 2L
2F Fnet = macom
214 Physics P
W
 Ny L
acom = a
w=0 4
Nx Mg – Ny = Macom
mg by substituting appropriate values we can get
hinge force as we did in previous question.
mg – Ny = macom
3g
mg – Ny = m
4 PULLEY (ROTATION)
mg
Ny =
4
(Fx)net = m(acom)x
Nx = m × 0 (No motion along x)
Nx = 0

Q. Find a, acom, and hinge force at t = 0, as the

string in just cut.
Disc (m, R)
Ny t=0

A R
Nx=0
mg

fiQj vkxbZ pulley ;s rks HkkbZ ;s NLM okyh

Sol. tA = IA a
ges vPNs ls vkrk gS vc pulley ugh gS
mR2 rks top college iDdk
mgR = mR2 a
2
2g
a=
3R
acom = Ra = 2g/3
Mg – Ny = macom ( Fnet = m acom)
2g mg
Mg – Ny = m . ⇒ Ny = NLM es geus tks pulley i<+h Fkh oks ideal Fkh i.e., massless
3 3
Fkh and no friction between string and pulley vkSj nksuks
Q. Find a, acom, hinged force just after the string
side string es tension same Fkh
is cut?
But vc ge vlyh okyh real pulley i<+saxs ftlosQ ikl mass
Ny Hkh gS] string vkSj pulley osQ chp friction Hkh gS vkSj vc
L/4 t=0
Nx nksuks side tension vyx vyx gSA
O mg T3
a1
Sol. t0 = I0 a Mp a2
2
L ML2 L
Mg = M a
4 12 4 T1
T2
a= T1 T2

215
Rotation
Torque applied by tension about O gives a to the Sol. a2 = Ra ...(1)
pulley about O.
a1 = a2 = a = Ra (let)
t = (T2 – T1) R = Ia
0 Friction is sufficient to avoid slipping. a1 = Ra ...(2)

0 a1 = Ra bcz no slipping T1 – mg = ma2 ...(3)

between pulley and rope) a
m2g – T2 = m2a2 ...(4)
0 Similarly, a2 = Ra o t0 = Ia
a1 a2
0 a → CW (if) T2R – T1R = Ia ...(5)
to = Io a T2
T1
T2R – T1R = I0a Now you can solve all the eqn. eq>s irk
Q. Find acceleration of m1 & m2 if pulley has MOI I & gS budks solve djuk vklku dke ugh gS but
radius R.
(m1, m2) (I, R) tension er ys bldh Hkh vius ikl bykt gS
vHkh rq concept ij focus dj

T1 T2 vc rqEgkjs fy, ,d eLr okyk surprise gS ftldks set

T1 T2 djus es cgqr egur yxh ;kj.... vxj etk vtk, rks eq>s
a=a1 m1 insta ij tag dj [Link].
m2 a2=a
m1g
m2g

NLM Question We Already Solved Rotation Wale Question

Pulley is ideal, massless and friction between rope and Pulley is real having mass M, radius r and moment
pulley is zero. of inertia . friction is sufficient to avoid slipping
between pulley and rope.

Pulley
(M,R,I)

m2 g − m1 g
T T m2 g − m1 g a=
a= I
T T m1 m2 T1 T2 m1 m2
R2
m2 a m2 a
a m1 a m1

m2 g m2 g
m1g m1g

Pulley
(M,R,I)

m3g m2 g − m1 g
m3g m2 g − m1 g a=
m1 a= m1 I
a m1 m2 m3 a m1 m2 m3
R2
m2 a m2 a

m3 a m3 a

216 Physics P
W
 a a Pulley
(M,R,I)
m1 m1
m2 g
m2 g a=
a= I
m1 m2 m1 m2
m2 a m2 a R2

m2g m2g

Pulley
a a (M,R,I)
m2 g − m1 g sin q
m2 g − m1 g sin q a=
m1 a= m1 I
m1 m2 m1 m2
q m2 q m2 R2
a a

Pulley m2 g − m1 g
T m2 g − m1 g (I1, R1, I2, R2) T a=
a= I1 I2
m1 m2 m1 m2
a a R12 R22
m1 a m1 a
m2 m2

Ideal Pulley
Real Pulley
(massless)
(M,R,I)
a a

m2 m2
fix fix
1

1
m

q1 m2 g sin q2 − m1 g sin q1 q1 m2 g sin q2 − m1 g sin q1

q2 a= q2 a=
m1 m2 I
m1 m2
R2

Q. Find acceleration of blocks in following? Trick:

I = 100 kg.m 2 m2 g − m1 g 60 − 40 20
a a= = =
R = 10m I 100 11
m1 m2 4 6
R2 102
T1
Q. Find acceleration a of block when system is
a 4kg T2 released.
Pulley I given ugh gS
6kg a
m, R
40 Pulley = Disc
60
Sol. a = 10a
T1 – 40 = 4a...(1) T2R – T1R = Ia
a mR2
60 – T2 = 6a m a I=
...(2) T2R – T1R = I 2
R
T2 – T1 = a...(3) mg − 0 mg 2g
Sol. a = = =
20 I mR 2
3
a= 0 m m
11 R 2
2R 2

217
Rotation
 Q. Find acceleration of block when dropped at
height h above ground & velocity with which it
hit ground.
Pulley (m, R)
WET
w

Q. Rod dropped from horizontal position

com drop
2g w
m a= (m,L)
3
h com

m.g. − 0 2g
Sol. (1) a = =
mR 2
3
0 m Find w of rod when rod reaches at lowest point
2R2
Sol. wg + whinged = DK.E = kf – ki [WET]
w (rod)
V
L 1
mg + 0 = Iw2 − 0
2 2
L 1 mL2 2
mg = w
2 2 3
3g
w=
L
m V
Q. Rod dropped from vertical position m, l
(2) Speed of block just before it hits the (1) Find w of rod become
ground
horizontal.
M-1: Apply V2 = u2 + 2as
(2) w of rod when it reaches at
2g hinge
2
V =0+2× h lowest point.
3 Fix
Sol. (1)
4gh
V= Wg + Whinge = DKE wi = 0
3
V L 1 mL2 2
V = Rw w= mg 0= w =0
R 2 2 3
M-2: WET (Work Energy Theory)
3g
Whinge + (WD)g + (WD)f + (WD)T = DKE w= w
L
1 1 2 (2)
0 + mgh + 0 + 0 = mV 2 Iw –0
2 2
Wg + Whinges = DK.E
V = (Rw) com
1 1 mR2 V 2 1 mL2
mgh = mV 2 . . 2 mgL + 0 = × w2
2 2 2 R 2 3
3 w = wmax
mgh = mV 2 6g
4 w=
L com
4gh
v=
3
218 Physics P
W
 Q. Block is fix to the rod and dropped from Sol.
horizontal position as shown in fig. Find w when 1. w = ?
rod becomes vertical.
Apply WET
m Fix
(m, L) rod Wg + Whinged = DKE = kf – ki

L 1 mL2 2
+ mg 0= w −0
2 2 3

3g
w=
m L

From WET 2. a = ?
0 Ny
1 a
Sol. Wg + Whinge = = DK.E = Iw2 – 0
2
Nx
L 1 mL2 mg
mg + mgL = + mL2 w2
2 2 3 t0 = I0 a
rod

w= L mL2 3g
mg = a a=
2 3 2L
Q. Disc can move about hinge in vertical plane

SKC
about axis as shown in figure, dropped from
here. Find w when it reaches lowest position
(Disc, m, R)

;kn gS ;s question igys Hkh fd;k Fkk

tc horizontal rod dks drop fd;k
Fkk rc at t = 0, w = 0 but now tc
rod horizontal gqbZ rc w gS so
1 M.R2 centripetal acc Hkh gksxk vkSj a gS
Sol. mgR + 0 = MR2 w2 blfy, at Hkh gksxkA
2 2

3 w R
mgR = MR2w2 3.
4 O
4g
w=
3R
Q. Vertical rods is pushed slightly. a com

(m, L) o ac
anet at
Push
slightly initial wi = 0 ac = rw2
at = ra

anet = at2 ac2

o w L
(acom) tangential = ra = a
2
Find angular velocity w, angular acceleration a,
acceleration of centre of mass acom and hinged L 2
(acom) centripetal = rw2 = w
forced when rod become horizontal. 2

219
Rotation
 4. Find hinge force at horizontal position Q. Find angular velocity when rod becomes vertical,
Ny as shown in figure.
L
w ac = w2
2 drop
Nx com
L
at = a 60°
2 L
cos q
in y direction (Fnet)ext = m(acom)y 2
h
L w
mL
Mg − Ny = a 2
2

mL 2
in x direction Nx = w
2

Net hinged force = Nx2 Ny2 Sol. Wg + Whinged = DKE [WET]

Q. String is cut at t = 0 L L 1 mL2 2

Mg cos q 0= w −0
2 2 2 3

9g
w=
37 2L
t=0
Q. When rod reaches at lowest point. Find w, a,
acom, hinged force.

Slightly com
pushed
Find angular velocity w of rod when rod reaches
at lowest point.
Sol. Centre of mass moves as shown in figure. Sol. From work energy theorem,
Ny
Wg + WHinge = DKE

L o
q com 1 mL2 2
w mgL + 0 = w −0 Nx w, a
2 2 3
L L
− cos q
2 2 6g
com w= com
L
torque about hinge (t0) = 0 = Ia mg
acceleration of centre of mass
acom = 3g
From work energy theorem
L
Wg + Whinged = DKE [WET] tangential at = a
2
1 mL2 2 a = 0, at = 0
mgh + 0 = w −0
2 3 L 2
centripetal acceleration ac = w
2
L L 3g
h= − cos q w= L 6g
2 2 5L = . = 3g
2 L

220 Physics P
W
 Ny
Sol. 5gR
m P Q
o
Nx=0 5R 5R
ac 4
4
com L 2 P Q
ac = w = 3g
at = 0 2
1 2 2R 5R
KEf = Iw ;KEi = 0;Wg = mg mg2
2 4 4
2
5R MR2 MR2 25 1 1
I=m = MR2
mg 4 4 16 16 4 16
acom Wg = KEf – KEi
Ny – mg = m3g 5R
We get v = w
Ny = 4 mg; Nx = 0 4
Net hinge force = 4 mg Q. A uniform disc of radius R and mass M is spinned
Q. Disc rotates about its diameter with particle of to an angular speed w0 in its own plane about its
mass 'm' fix on it. Dropped from intial position centre and then placed on a rough horizontal
find w in final position. surface such that plane of the disc is parallel to
m the horizontal plane. If co-efficient of friction
Disc (m, R) between the disc and the surface is m then how
Drop
R long will it take for the disc to come to stop.
Sol. Consider a differential circular strip of the
R w disc of radius x and thickness dx Mass of this
strip is dm = 2ρpxdx.
initial m final
Sol. (1) Wg + Whinge = DKE = KEf – KEi
dx
1 MR2
Mg(2R) + 0 + 0 = MR 2
w 2
C x
2 4
16g R
w=
5R
M
(2)Speed of particle where ρ = . Frictional force on this strip is
pR2
at final position = Rw
along the tangent and is equal to dF = mρ2pxdxg
Q. A uniform circular disc has radius R and mass m.
Torque on the strip due to frictional force is
A particle also of mass m is fixed at a point A on
the edge of the disc as in figure. The disc can equal to dt = mρg2px2dx, disc is supposed to be
rotate freely about a fixed horizontal chord the combination of number of such strips hence
PQ that is at a distance R/4 from the centre C torque on the disc is given by
of the disc. The line AC is perpendicular to PQ. R R3
Initially the disc is held vertical with the point t = dt = mρg2p x2dx = mρg2p
0 3
A at its highest position. It is then allowed to
fall so that it starts rotating about PQ. Find 2mMgR 4 mg
⇒ t = mMg(2 / 3)R ⇒ a = =
the linear speed of the particle at it reaches its MR 2 3 R
lowest position. 3
2
A
The a is opposite to the w
 w(t) = w0 at
C R/4 3w0R
4mg
P Q ⇒ 0 = w0 − t⇒t = .
3R 4mg
221
Rotation
 Q. Find K.E & Angular momentum about axis passing
through O and perpendicular to the plane
ANGULAR MOMENTUM ( L) arrangement of ring of mass m and radius R and
8 rods of mass m each and length R rotating as
shown in figure.
0 It is the total amount of rotational motion
contained in a system.

0 It is a moment of momentum.
w
0 Angular momentum of a moving particle V about a
point P is given by L = r × mV = r × P o
→
r is the position vector of the particle relative to
the origin (or axis of rotation).

0 The angular momentum L of a rotating object is MR2

Sol. L = MR 8 w
2

defined as the product of the moment of inertia I 3

and the angular velocity w:
1 MR2
KE = MR2 8 w2
L = Iw 2 3

Q. Find Angular momentum in following cases:

(Disc, m, R) ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF

(1)
PARTICLE
L O = Iw
w
MR2
= w(–k) y V cos q
O 2

m q →
V
(2) r
w
V sin q = V⊥
ML2 q
(m ,L) L = w x
12 O
com
L of particle about 0 = r × mV
L = r mv sin q (magnitude)

L = rmv⊥
w
(3) o
r v
ML 2

L0 = w
3 r⊥ r sin q = r⊥
(square plate m, L)
q
w ML 2 O
(4) L0 = w
6 L = mv (r sin q)
o
L = mv r⊥

222 Physics P
W
 Q. Find angular momentum about 'O'. 2 kg
drop
y
(0, 4) 2 kg m t = 2 sec
10 m/s
(3, 4) V = 20 m/s
r⊥

O 10 m
r
O x
Sol. Velocity at t = 2s = 0 + 10 × 2 = 20 m/s
Sol. L0 = mvr⊥ = 2 × 10 × 4 = 80 (c.w) = – 80k Angular momentum L of particle about 0 = mvr
Or = 2 × 20 × 10 = 400 (cw) = 400(–k )
L 0= r × mv Q. Particle is moving on st line y = 4 parallel to
x-axis with constant velocity V0 from – to + .
L = (3i + 4j ) × (20i)
y
L = –80k V0 (const) (0, 4)

JEE Mains Favourite question

m r V0 y = 4

r sin q = 4
Q. Calculate angular momentum 2s after body of
mass 2kg is projected at 100 m/s. q
x
y
Choose correct option about Angular momentum
v
of particle abt '0' is
(x, y) (1) zero
60
100 m/s (2) magnitude constant, direction constant
(3) first increase then decrease
37°
x (4) first increase then increase
t=0 80
(5) magnitude constant direction change.
Sol. Given, mass = 2 kg, initial velocity = 80 i + 60j
Sol. L0 = (r cos qi + r sin qj ) × mV0^i
velocity at t = 2, v = 80 i + 40j
= mr sin q V0 (–k )
Position r at t = 2s
^)
= mV0 (r sin q) (–k ) = mv04(–k
x = 80 × 2 = 160
1 2nd option is correct.
y = 60 × 2 – × 10 × 22 ⇒ y = 100
2
(x, y) = (160, 100) ⇒ r = (160 i + 100j )
ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Angular momentum of particle at t = 2 sec abt CONSERVATION
projection point

= r × mv = (160i + 100j ) × (160i + 80j ) In the absence of external torques, the total angular
momentum of a system remains constant.
Q. A particle of mass 2 kg is dropped t = 0 as shown 
 dL
in figure. Find angular momentum of particle t=
about 0 at t = 2 sec. dt

223
Rotation
 (I, w0)

w0

# काम का डब्बा O
0 tSlk geus COM es i<+k Fkk fd vxj system ij
net external force zero gS rks system dk mR2
I=
momentum conserve gksxk mlh izdkj ftl point 2
osQ about net torque zero gS ml point osQ about Sol. Net torque is 0 so angular momentum will be
angular momentum conserve gksxk conserved
Li = Lf (abt ‘0’)
→ →
dp dL Iw0 + 0 = Iw + Iw
(F net)ext = text =
dt dt
w0
If (Fnet)ext = 0 If (t net) ext = 0 w=
2
P → conserve L = Angular momentum will Work done by friction
Pi = Pf be conserve
1 2 1
Li= Lf (W)friction = kf – ki = Iw 2 − Iw2
2 2

Q. A point mass M is generally placed on the Iw20 Iw20 −Iw20

= − =
pheripheri of disc at a distance R from centre 4 2 4
such that both rotate together without slipping,
find w after fpidk&fpidh.
(Disc M, R)

w0
M(point mass)
O

Sol. M-1: Net torque about 'O' is zero so angular

momentum will be conserved about O
Li = Lf (abt '0')
Iw0 + 0 = Iw + MvR
Disc particle disc particle

MR2 MR2
w0 0= w M.R.w.R
2 2
MR2 MR2
w0 = + MR2 w
2 2
HkkbZ rq>s ftl figure ls le>uk gS le>ys here angular
Now solve and get
momentum is conserve ⇒ Iw constant
Q. An identical disc is placed on disc rotating with I decreases by folding hand ⇒ w increases but
angular speed (w0) such that after some time kinetic energy increases bcz K.E = L2/2I
both rotate together without slipping find wf.
224 Physics P
W
 Q. Man start walking along pherihery on disc so Sol. Li = Lf – (Angular momentum about O is
that its speed on disc is V0 wrt disc in Anticlock conserved)
wise sense.
Find w of disc. mL2
mV0L + 0 = [Link].2 + w
Disc (m, R) 3
Q. If a particle of mass m collides with rod as
shown in figure and sticks to rod. Find w
Rest O Rod
(m, L)
3L
x=
Sol. No external torque, so angular momentum is 4
conserved
V0
m
w (V0 + Rw0) wrt ground

e=0

Sol. Li = Lf (about O)

mL2
Li = Lf mV0x + 0 = (mx2)w + w
3
MR2
0+0= w + m(V0 + RW)R
2 w=?
mR2
–mV0R = mR +
2
w
2 3L
V= w
4
−2 V0
w=
3 R
3L 3L 3L mL2
mV0 + 0 = m. w. w
vxyk question cgqr important 4 4 4 3
article gS ftls advance us Hkh nks
Q. A rod of mass m and length L is hinged at O
ls rhu ckj iwNk gS... bl rjg osQ lkjs
as shown in figure. Particle moving at velocity
lokyks es oqQN ugh djuk cl hinge
point osQ about before and after V0 sticks to rod after collision find combined
collision angular momentum of angular velocity.
system conserve dj nsuk
Rod
(m, L)
Q. A rod of mass m and length L is hinged at O
as shown in figure. Particle moving at velocity
= O
V0 sticks to end of rod after collision find O w=?
L
combined angular velocity.
2 L
O O w
(m, L) m V0 e=0 2
w
Rest before collision after collision
g
Sol. Net torque is 0 so angular momentum will be
conserved
m
Li = Lf
V0 m
L mL L mL2
(Li)just before = (Lf) just after mV0 +0= w. w
collision collision 2 2 2 12

225
Rotation
 Q. Find w after collision. Q. A particle of mass m collides with the disc of

(m, L) mass m and radius R as shown in figure and

w
before sticks to it. Find w
= After
collision
collision (m, R)
m Rest
disc
V1 wL after
m V0 e = 1 before w
= collision
Sol. Li = Lf collision
mL2
mV0L + 0 = mV1L + w ...(1) V0 Rw = V
3 m e=0
wL − V1
e=1= ...(2) Sol. Li = Lf (abt ‘0‘)
V0
Now you can solve and get V1 and w. mR2
mV0R + 0 = [Link].R + w
Q. Coefficient of restitution = 1/2. Find w after 2
collision
O O (m, L) Q. Find w, if particle hits rod end at an angle q
(m, L) with vertical.
w
before after m,
= w
collision collision
V2 =
Lw m
m V0 m V1 V0 sinq
e = 1/2 e = 1/2 mV⊥r
q V2
Sol. Li = Lf (abt O) V0 Lw Lw
e=0 V0 cos q
mL2
mV0L = mV1L + w ...(1)
3 Sol. Li = Lf
mL2
1 V2 − V1 Lw − V1 mV0sinq + 0 = [Link].r + w
e= = = ...(2) 3
2 U1 − U2 V0
Now you can solve both eqn and get the answer. Q. Find w. if two particles collide with rod and
Q. stick as shown in figure.
O (m, L) O (m, L)
w L/2
Rest V1 m
w
L/2 w0
m = m L
V1 w
2 (m, L, Rod) O
V0 =
Rest w

m V2
e = 1/2 L/2 w
e=0
Sol. Li = Lf (abt ‘0‘) before After
L L mL 2 collision collision
mV0 0 = mV1 w ...(1)
2 2 3 Sol. Li = Lf (abt 0)
L
w − V1 L L mL L mL L mL2
1 2
e= = ...(2) mV1 mV2 = w w w
2 V0 2 2 2 2 2 2 12
P1 P2 P
i
P rod
= 2

226 Physics P
W
 Q. Rings slips outwards as shown in figure. Find w (1) Impulse imparted by the rod on the particle

w0 (m, L) = change in momentum of particle = – 6 (6 ihNs)

w=?
(2) Impulse imparted by particle on the rod
m m
≡ = 6 (vkxs) = + 6i
V1 V1

,slk Jhapad tks upk ns mlosQ effect ko 'angular

impulse' dgrs gSA
initially finally
m → MOI
Consider ring as point mass m = 0 everywhere. v →w
Sol. Net torque is zero so angular mumentum will be a →a
conserved. F →t =r ×F

Li = Lf P →L =r ×P
J →H=r ×J
mL2 m.L L m.L L mL2
0+0+ w0 = w. w. w
12 2 2 2 2 12
[Link] = [Link]
ANGULAR IMPULSE ( H )
1 mL2 2 1 mL2 2 1 1
w 0 0= w mv2 m(Rw)2 2
2 12 0 2 12 2 1 2
Q. A particle is moving on the frictionless 0 It is the moment of impulse
horizontal floor and its collide at the rod at 0 The net angular impulse acting on a rigid body
one end as shown in fig. and data. Find impulse is equal to the change in angular momentum of
imparted by particle on the rod. the body.
 
0 H = text dt
(2 kg, 3 m)    
w
0 ∴ H = DL = L - L
f i
= 0 H=r×J

8 m/s H=r×J Impulse = DP

2 V1 Lw
2kg e = 1/2 H = t . dt = DL J = Fdt = DP
0 Angular impulse = change in angular momentum.
mL2
Sol. Li = Lf I= =6
3
Q.
2 × 8 + 3 × 0 = 2 × V1 × 3 + 6w
O
O
8 = V1 + w ...(1)
(m, L)
w
1 Lw − V1 3w − V1
e= = =
2 8 8 L =
4 = 3w – V1 ...(2)
Solving we get,
J
w = 3, V1 = 5
Sol. L = J × L = I . w
(DP) particle = 2 × 5 – 2 × 8 = –6
mL2 3J
Jn JN J×L= w–0⇒w=
JN = – 6NS 3 mL

227
Rotation
 Q. Impulse is given to rod. Find w.
Quantity Linear Rotational
(m, L)
w 1. Inertia m 2
L/2 mr
ii
= r2dm
or
J
   
2. Newton's Fext = ma text = Ia
 
Second Law  dp  dL
Sol. H = DL = L f – L i Fext = text =
dt dt
Angular impulse = IDw 3. Work    
Wlin = F.d s Wrot= [Link]
L mL2
J. = w−0
2 3 4. Kinetic Energy 1 1
Klin= mv2 Krot= Iw2
3J 2 2
w=
2mL 5. Work Energy Wlin = DKlin Wrot = DKrot
Q. Impulse is given at an angle q as shown find w? Theorem

6. Impulse    
I = Fext dt J = text dt

= 7. Momentum    
p = mv L = Iw

J cos q 8. Impulse    
I = Dp J = DL
q Momentum
J J sin q = 0
Theorem

mL2 9. Power  
P = t.w
Sol. Jcosq × L = w−0 P = F.v
3
Q. Find (1) w and (2) impulse by hinge

(m, L)
w
COMBINED ROTATIONAL +
TRANSLATION MOTION (CRTM)
= Vcom

pyks vc 'kq: djrs gS rotation dk lcls iQksM+w article

J CRTM or CTRM... ,sls le> tSls pyrh cycle/car dk
mL2 ifg;k (wheel)... tks
?kwe Hkh jgk gS vkSj py Hkh jgk gSA
Sol. (1) JL = w
3
3J
w=
mL
L
Vcom = w
2 w
L 3J 3J
(2) JH = . =
2 mL 2m
J + JH = mVcom – 0
3J
HkkbZ rw cycle osQ
J + JH = m . wheel ij focus
mL
J
dj
JH =
2

228 Physics P
W
 Q. Find velocity of points on rod which has
translational velocity 10m/s & rotational
velocity w = 7
A
1m
B
1m
C 10 m/s
1m w=7
D
1m
E
0 CRTM refers to the motion of an body that is Sol.
V + L/2 w
both translating (moving in space) and rotating A
(spinning about an axis).
10 + 7
0 CRTM can be assumed as combination of translation B
w
motion of COM and rotation about an axis through V = 10
COM. L C
w
4 10
D
w L w
com V 10
VC VC 2 E
w w L ˆ
VA = V w i = 10 + 2 × 10 = 24i^
CRTM 2
CRTM CRTM
L ^
VB = Vi^ + wi = 10i^ + 7i^ = 17i^
CRTM es ;s cgqr t:jh gS dh ges fdlh point dh velocity 4
vkSj acceleration fudkyuk vkuk pkfg, pyks igys bldh VD = 10i^ – 7i^ = 3i^
practice djrs gSA
VE = 10i^ – 14i^ = –4i^
Q. Disc is rotating with angular velocity w & has VC = 10i^
translational velocity V.
R Q. A rod of length L is under (RTM as shown in
figure) L = 4, w = 5 rad/sec. Find VA. Velocity of
w centre of mass.
Q
S
O V A

P 60°
10 m/s
w
Find the velocity of points P, Q, R, S, O in
ground frame.
   R Rw Sol.
Sol. V p = V p/com V com Rw V
10
→ L w=
V R = Vtop = Vi^ + Rwi^ Q 2 30°
S V 10
→ V A 60°
V Q = Vi^ – Rwj Rw
60°
→ V 10 m/s
V P = Vi^ - Rwi Rw P
→ V0 = Vcentre = Vcom = V
V S = Vi^ + Rwj

229
Rotation
 10 Q. Find acceleration of points A & B for the rod as
2 2
30° VA = 10 10 2 10 10 cos30 shown in figure.
A 10
A
VA = 10i^ + (10cos30i^ + 10sin30j )

VA = (10 + 5 3 )i^ + 5j a, w

a
vc ge CRTM es fdlh point dk acceleration fudkyuk
  
lh[ksaxs oSls rks we can say ap = ap/com acom but ;s è;ku length = l

j[kuk dh ;g¡k rhu term vk,saxsA B

Sol. a A = ai^ + Rai^ – Rw j

2
A L
a a a
w 2
com a L L L
a A = ai^ + ai^ – w2j
2 2 2
A a, w
Rw2
a L ^ L 2 a
a B = ai^ + ai – w j
2 2
L 2
w
at = Ra 2
L
a a
2 B

Q. Find acceleration of point A.

A
Q. Write acceleration of points on disc as shown in
60°
figure.
a
C
w a

B a
w a Sol.

A
A 60°
Sol. a C = ai^ + Rai^ – Rw2j a
A 60° a
Rw 2

C at = Ra
a + Ra 30°
Ra
Rw2 60° w
a Rw2
a com a Ra
2
Rw
Rw2 w a
a
Ra A
a A = (a + Racos30° – Rw2cos60°)i^
a A = ai^ – Rai^ + Rw2j
+ (Rasin30° + Rw2sin60°)(–j^)
a B = ai^ - Raj + Rw2^i
Ra 3 Rw2 ˆ Ra Rw2 3 ˆ
aA = a − i − j
a D = ai^ + Raj – Rwi^ 2 2 2 2

230 Physics P
W
 Q. If V = wR, find velocity of points A, B and C as
K.E in CRTM
shown in figure.
Total kinetic energy of a body performing CRTM is C
V + Rw
1 1
given by KE = mVC2 + ICw2
2 2 w
B
Here V
VC is speed of COM
A
IC is MOI of body about COM Rw V

;s formula xyrh ls Hkh er Hkwyuk Sol. VA = (V – Rw)i

If V = Rw, VA = 0
Q. Find K.E of disc under CRTM.
VC = (v + Rw)i^ = 2Vi^
Disc (m, R)
VB = Vi^ – Rwj = Vi^ – Vj

V 2
V
w
Pure Rolling & Rolling without Slipping

1 1 2
Sol. KE = mV 2 Iw
2 2
w
1 2 1 mR2 2
= mV . .w V
2 2 2
Q. Find K.E of rod as shown in figure. V = Rw

m = 2kg, L = 2m

0 The point of the object in contact with the surface

10 m/s
has zero velocity relative to the surface.
w = 6 rad/s
0
1 1 2 w
Sol. KE = mV 2 Iw V
2 2
1 1 (2)2 A
= 2 102 2 (6)2
2 2 12
V = Rw (Condition for rolling)
= 100 + 12 = 112 J
Q. Find K.E of disc (m, R) and particle of mass (m)
0 vc +!R vc
wR
fixed on it.
m C vc º C
Disc (m, R) vc + C
w
vc –!R vc wR
V A A A
w Rolling = Translation + Rotation
0 The total kinetic energy of the wheel is the sum of
Sol. KEDisc + KEmass the translational and rotational kinetic energies:

1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2
= mV 2 Iw m (V Rw) Ktotal = Mvcm Iw
2 2 2 2 2
231
Rotation
 Q. Write equation for pure rolling in following
question:
w
V
Pure Rolling : Contact point must be at rest wrt
A contact surface (point)

V = Rw (Condition for rolling)

1. A is point of contact
If Vcm > wR or Vcm < wR than Slipping (no pure rolling) w
V
VA = 0 (Rolling
Case-I: Vcm > wR
V – Rw = 0 wR V
Vcm A
V = Rw Pure Rolling

A
VA = Vcm – w R
ground 2.
fk w
VA = VB V1
Note: The friction will be kinetic in nature &
its magnitude can be determined using fk = mkN. V1 – Rw = V2 A
V2
Direction will be backwards (because point of B
contact A is moving forward w.r.t. ground). The
effect of fk is to decrease Vcm and increase w until 3.
Vcm = wR and VA = 0 w
V1 + Rw = V2
Case-II: Vcm < wR V1
VA = VB
A
V cm V2
B
A
ground 4. V1 + Rw
VA = !R – Vcm fk V2
VA = 0
Point of contact A moves backwards. So kinetic
V1 – Rw = 0
friction acts in forward direction. The effect of V1
the friction is to increase Vcm and decrease w until V1 = Rw ...(1) w
Vcm = wR and VA = 0 A
V1 + Rw = V2 ...(2)
Rw B V1

SKC
5. V0 + Rw
V2
V0 + Rw = V2 ...(1)
vxj slipping gqbZ rks friction kinetic yxsxk V0 – Rw = V1 ...(2)
vxj Pure Rolling gS rks vxj yxk rks f ges'kk V0
w
static gh yxsxkA
V1
V0 – Rw

232 Physics P
W
 SKC
Q. If there is no slipping anywhere find w in
following figure.
20 m/s

Rolling osQ question dks rksM+us osQ rhu gfFk;kj follow this
R=2m V0 = 2 1. F = ma
w
2. tcom = Icoma
12 m/s 3. a = Ra
Pure rolling me if friction yxk rks static
Sol. 20 = V0 + Rw (Rolling condition for upper part)
fS yxsxkA
12 = V0 - Rw (Rolling condition for lower part)
Put R = 2 solve and get the V0 = 16, w = 2 Q. A constant force F
is applied as shown (m, R)
Q. Disc (m, R) Disc
in figure. If friction
F
is sufficient for a
V (given) pure rolling. Find
w
acceleration of com. f

Sol. F – f = ma ...(1)
Disc is under pure rolling with translation as
shown in figure. Find its KE? mR2
0 + fR = a ...(2)
2
Sol. V = Rw, w = V/R
2 a = Ra ...(3)
1 1 2 1 1 mR2 V
KE = mV 2 Iw = mV 2 mR a 2
2 2 2 2 2 R fR =
2 R
1 1 3
= mV 2 mV 2 = mV 2 ma F
2 4 4 f= ⇒ f=
2 3
→ w
w w → fS CM
→
vCM vCM 2F 3ma
→ a= F=
CM CM vCM 3 2
→ → P
fS fS →
P P Mg q Q. A constant force F
w increases w decreases F
is applied as shown in Disc
(a) (b) (c)
figure. If friction is (m, R)
Q. Friction is sufficient Solid (m, R) sufficient for pure
sphere
for pure rolling. Find F rolling. Find acceleration
acceleration of com. of com and a.
Sol. F – f = Ma ...(1) 3F 3F −F
Sol. a = , a= , f=
t = Ia (about com) a 4m 4mR 3
com
F
2 F – f = ma ...(1) F
0 + fR = Ia = mR2 a ...(2) a
5 2
mR
a = Ra ...(3) f t0 = F.R + fR = .a O a
2 a
Now you can solve above eqn and get
mR2 a
5F 2F FR + fR = . f
a= , f= 2 R
7M 7
a 5F ma
a= ⇒a= F+f= ...(2)
R 7MR 2

233
Rotation
 F F Sol.
Q. Ring a1
(m, R) = a F
a
f1 f1
f
Friction is sufficient for pure rolling. Find a, a2
a, f. a
Sol. F – f = ma ...(1)
f2
t0 = Ia a = Ra
FR + fR = MR2a a2 = Ra ...(1)
a a2 + Ra = a1 ...(2)
FR + fR = mR 2 . F – f = ma1 ...(3)
R
F + f = ma ...(2) F1 – f2 = ma2 ...(4)
Add (1) and (2) MR2
F1R + f2R = a ...(5)
F = ma so f = 0 2
F Solve above eqns to get a1 & a2
F
a= , ⇒ a=
m mR Q. Find the value of x so that given body rolls
without slipping on the smooth surface.
Q. (m, R)
Sphere (m, R, I)
solid
F
x
F a a

m=0
m=0
Friction is sufficient for pure rolling between
solid sphere and platform. Sol. f = 0
Find acceleration of platform and sphere and a. F = ma & a = ra
Sol. t0 = F . x = Ia
m
a1 Ia
(ma)x =
a R
I
f x=
a2 mR
f
m F
ns[kk..... ns[kk rqeus.... ;g¡k fcuk friction osQ Hkh rolling gks
F – f = ma2
f = ma1
jgh gS
2
f . R = MR2 a
5
a1 + Ra = a2
Q. Force F is applied on upper plank. Find
acceleration of plank and disc.
m a1
F
Disc So, now find the value x in above question if
m body is ring and disc
a2
a I mR2
For Ring x = = ,x=R
mR mR
=
m is sufficient I mR2 / 2 R
For Disc x = = =
for rolling mR mR 2

234 Physics P
W
Rolling on Inclined Plane Q. If ring, disc, hollow cylinder, solid cyline, solid
sphere, hollow sphere of same mass and radius.
This is very very very important article for Mains/ R is release from top of incline plane such that
NEET/Advance, Mains es rks gj lky bl ij loky vkrs friction is sufficient for pure rolling.
gS tks directly formula based gksrs gS bldh feel osQ fy, tA – tB ⇒ ? who will reach 'B' first
lkspks vxj eS fdlh rough incline ls fdlh sphere dks
drop djnq¡
A

B
Sol.

0 g sin q
Q. Suppose from a rough inclined a sphere/ a=
ring/disc/etc is droped such that friction is 1 I
mR2
sufficient for pure rolling. Find acom, a, f.
0 ftldk I , a , vf , wf , Time , ckn es igq¡psxk
(m, R) Translation K.E , Rotational K.E
I
MOI order
Ring = Hollow cylinder > Hollow sphere > Disc
Fix = Solid cylinder > Solid sphere
Ring takes max time & solid sphere least
Sol. Ring and Hollow cylinder ⇒ lcls last esa
N
f Solid sphere ⇒ lcls igys
Q.
a Disc (m, R)
fix
mg
mg cos q sin
q
h
w
mgsinq – f = ma ...(1)
V
0 + fR = Ia ...(2) a = Ra
a = Ra ...(2) Friction is sufficient for pure rolling. Disc is
released as shown in diagram.
Ia Ia
fR = ⇒ f = 2 substitute in ...(1) Find :
R R
1. v, w when disc reaches at lowest point.
Ia 2. acom
mgsinq = ma +
R2 3. a
g sin q Ia mg sin q 4. Translation KE when reaches at lowest point.
a= f= =
I 2 5. Rotation K:E when reaches lowest point.
1
R R2 1
2
m 6. Total KE when reaches lower p.t.
mR I m
Sol. Disc (m, R)

g sin q mg sin q A f
a= f= a
2
1 I mR h L
1 a
mR2 I
a = Ra B

235
Rotation
 g sin q g sin q 2 Q. Find aring, adisc, arel, and separation between ring
1. a = = = g sin q and disc at t = 6 sec. if both are released from
I mR 2 3
1 2 1 form same point.
mR 2mR2
Ring (m, R)
a 2g sin q t=0
2. a = Ra, a = = Disc (m, R)
R 3R
3. V2 = u2 + 2aS
2 2g sin q fix 37°
V2 = 0 + (L)
3
g sin q
V Sol. a =
4. V = Rw ⇒ w = I
R 1
1 mR2
Translation K.E at B = mV 2
2 g sin q 2g sin q 6
aring = = = =3
2
1 mR 2 2 2
1 2 1 mR2 V 2 1
Rotational K.E = Iw = = 4 mV
2 2 2 R mR2

Total KE = Translation KE + Rot. KE arel = 4 – 3 = 1

1 1 3 1
= mV 2 mV 2 = mV 2 Srel = Urel t + arel t2
2 4 4 2
AB = L 1
Separation = Srel = 0 t + × 1 × 62 = 18
1 2 2
AB = S = ut + at
2 Q. A disc is released from top of a incline plane
1 which is half rough and half smooth. A → B
L=0+ . a . t2
2 friction is sufficient for pure rolling and B → C
2L surface is smooth.
t= Time to reach ground.
2g sin q Find VB, wB, VC, wC
3 A (Disc, m, R)
Q. Drop
h
L 2 m 0 w0
h w
Rolling h B vB
fix
V m=0
Sol. wg + wN + wf = DK.E (WET)
C
1 2 1 2 Sol. A → B (WET)
mgh + 0 + 0 = mV Iw − 0
2 2
wg + wN + wf = DKE
2
1 2 1 mR2 V 2
mgh = mV . mgh 1 1 mR2 V
2 2 2 R 0 0= mV 2 .
2 2 2 2 R
V = Rw
mgh 3
V = mV 2
w= 2 4
R
1 mV 2 3 2 V 1 2gh
mgh = mV 2 = mV 2 V= gh w0 = = = wB
2 4 4 3 R R 3
4 B → C (WET)
V= mgh
3 f=0
h = L sin q a = 0, w = const = w0

236 Physics P
W
 mg
h
0 0 = (KE)C − (KE)B
Angular Momentum in CRTM ( L )
2
If a rigid body is performing CRTM then angular
h 1 1 2 1 1 2 momentum of the body about a general point is given
mg = mV 2 Iw0 − mV 2 Iw
2 2 C 2 2 B 2 0 by relation
m

h 1 1 2gh L body about P = Icw + r × mV C com

mg = mVC2 − m r VC
2 2 2 3 L body about P = Icw + r × P w

5 m → Mass of the body

VC = gh P
3 V C → Velocity of COM
P → Momentum of the body
#Ratio of Rotational KE to Translation KE in Rolling
(i) Ic → MOI of body about centre of mass
(Ring m, R)
r → Position vector of COM w.r.t P
I = mR2
V m
w com
Rolling r VC
w
1 V2 1
Rotation KE = mR2 2 = mV2
2 R 2
P
1
Translation KE = mV2
2 HkkbZ CRTM fdlh general point P osQ about angular
Ratio = 1 momentum fy[kus es r cgqr important gksrk gS ftloQk
(iii) head COM ij gksrk gS vkSj tail P point ij
(ii)
(Disc) MR
mR2 (M, R) gksrh gS vkSj eS pkgrk gq¡ ;s vector vkidks vyx
2
I= I= mR2 peosQ blfy, eS bls green color osQ vector
2 3
Solid ls show dj jgk gq¡ rkfd revision es vkidk
V sphere V
le; cps.... vcs rsjh gj genuine problem
w w
Rolling Rolling dk eSus [k;ky j[kk gSA
2
1 mR2 V 2 12 V Q. Write the angular momentum of disc about A.
mR2
Rot KE 2 2 R2 Rot KE 25 R
= = (m, R)
Tran KE 1 Tran KE 1 Disc
mV 2 mV 2
2 2
1 2 V
= = w
2 5 A
1 2
I= mR2 I= mR2
2 5 Sol. L Disc about A = IC w + (r × mV C)

Q. Solid cylinder rolling purely find ratio of Rot mR2

= . w mVR
KE to the trans KE 2
C.W ) C.W )
1 Rot KE
I= mR2
2 Tran KE
Disc
1 r q
Sol. V
2 w
q
A
237
Rotation
 Q. Find angular momentum about B.
(2) L rod = IC w + r × mV C
B
abt com 0
(m, R)
R R mL2 2V
= . 0
V 12 L
Disc w
(C.W)
Q. In following question a particle of mass m is
Sol. L Disc about B ⇒ IC w ± r × mV C fixed at one end of the rod of same mass m and
length  as shown in figure.
mR2
= w – mVR (m, L)
2
(CW) (ACW)

CW → +ve ACW → –ve L/4

V
Q. Find angular momentum of sphere about A, B L/4 w
& C. m
Solid sphere
(a) Find angular momentum of system about com of
2V system.
w=
3R
V com par puch
Sol. L = IC w + r × mV C
rahe hai isliye
= IC w + 0
C B A
com of system osQ about
Sol. L A = IC w + r × mV C
2 2
mL2 L L 5
2 2V IC = m m = mL2
= mR2 . MVR 12 4 4 24
5 3R
(C.W) (C .W) (rod) (mass)
 5 
L abt = L abt = L abt L= mL2 w
24
A B C
(b) Find angular momentum
Magnitude wise of system about point A
(ground point).
Q. Find angular momentum of rod about A (ground
Sol. = IC w + r × mV C
point) and about COM com V
5 L w
Rod (m, L) = mL2w 2m.V.
24 4 A m
(C.W) (C .W)
=
V
2V 5
w= IC = mL2 (same jgsxk)
L 24
A

Sol. (1) L rod = IC w + r × mV C 2V

abt A w=
L w
mL2 2V V.L V com V
= . m
12 L 2
(C.W) (C .W) m
A
238 Physics P
W
 Q. Rod lie on smooth horizontal surface at rest. A Q. Rod lie on smooth horizontal floor.
particle moving as shown with v0 velocity sticks (m, L)
to end of rod. Find w of the rod after collision w
and Vcom. VC
=
(m, L)

J
w A
=
com VC A sharp impulse is given at end A.
syst
Find Vcom, w just after impulse.
m v0 e = 0
Sol. Impulse = Change in momentum
Sol. Pi = Pf (momentum conservation)
J = mVC – 0
V0
mV0 + 0 = 2mVC VC = (const.) J
2 VC =
M
Li = Lf (about COM)
Angular impulse = L f – L i (about com)
L
mV0 + 0 = IC w + (r × mV C)
4 JL mL2
zero = w 0
(ACW) 2 12
L 5 6J
mV0 = mL2 .w w=
4 24 mL
6 V0
w= tSls Impulse gksus ij momentum cnyrk Fkk oSls
5 L
gh Angular impulse gksus ij angular momentum
Q. Repeat the above problem if e = 1/2 and particle
cnyuk gSA
collide at a distance x from COM of rod.

Sol.
w
TOPPLING
V2
x =
V V1
m B V2 xw Suppose we have a block (cube, L) of mass m is in

e = 1/2 After collision equillibrium on rough surface. N = mg

Pi = Pf
N
mV0 + 0 = mV1 + mV2

1 V2 xw − 0
e= =
2 V0

Li = Lf (about B on ground, ;s point particle dh

mg
velocity okyh line ij vkx;k)
Suppose friction is sufficient enough to prevent the
2
mL sliding of block. Now in above case force F is applied as
0+0=0+ w − mV2x
12
shown in figure and t's value increases slowly slowly
rod
from zero. We observe block still is in equillibrium.
239
Rotation
 F Here
Fmin to side (Fmin)side = msmg
h mgL
rough Fmin to topple (Fmin)topple =
2h
fS A
N
x
mg
At equilibrium
F = fs and N = mg
Torque about A = 0
tA = 0
–Fh + Nx = 0
Fh
Fh = Nx ⇒ x =
N
If F increases x also increase. Normal can shift
maximum to the edge.

Condition for Toppling

Maximum F can be found just before toppling

(cube)
F (m, L)

h
P
fS A L N

mg 2

if N passes through point 'P'

tA = 0

L L
Fh = N × x=
2 2 Q. Friction is sufficient to avoid slipping, find Fmin
so that body topple.
L
Fh = mg F
2
Cube
mgL 6m (10 kg, 10 m)
F=
2h
Sol.
You can also verify this result by putting torque
F
about point P = 0.
L 6m
0 + 0 – mg + Fh = 0
2
mgL fS N
F=
2h mg = 100
240 Physics P
W
 tA = 0 Let a block is placed on a incline plane whose
L q = 0 and we increase the angle of the incline plane q
Fh = mg
2 slowly slowly from zero. Suppose friction is sufficient
10 to avoid slipping then at an angle q block will just
F × 6 = 100 ×
2 about to topple. At this angle

1000
F= N l
12 fS
h
Q. Find minimum value of l so that truck can avoid
the dead end, without toppling the block kept
on it.
q
sin A q
mg c os
N mg

tA = 0 Torque about A = 0

Sol. If the truck decelerates at a rate a then in the h l

mg sin q = mg cos q
frame of the truck, pseudo force will act on the 2 2
block in the forward direction at its center of l
mass. tan q =
b h
h b
ma mg l
2 2 h qtopple = tan–1
h
b ma
a g
h fr
N geus ns[kk if friction is large enough to avoid slipping
Final velocity of truck is mg l
zero. So that qtopple = tan–1
h
b
0 = v2 − 2 g l vkSj NLM es geus i<+k Fkk qslide = tan–1 (ms)
h
h v2 Body will slide first Body will topple first
l=
2b g If qtopple > qslide If qtopple < qslide
l l
tan–1 > tan–1 m tan–1 < tan–1 m
TOPPLING ON INCLINED h h
PLANE l l
>m <m
h h

l
h

241
Rotation
 Alternative method: Angular momentum of the
cylinder about point O is conserved (see fig.).
vc eS vkiosQ concept dks vkSj strong djus osQ Since N = mg the torque due to these forces
cancels out. The torque due to friction is zero
fy, oqQN vkSj important selected question
since its moment arm is zero about O. Hence
with hint and sol. attach dj jgk gw¡ bUgs
Li = Lf
visualise djosQ [kqn ls solve djuk
7
mVoR = mVfR Icm wf = mRVf
Q. A bowling ball of mass ‘m’ is thrown on a 5
horizontal surface in such a way that it slides
5
with speed V0 initially without rolling. ⇒ Vf = V
7 o
(a) Find the velocity of the ball when it starts
rolling on the surface. Q. Find MOI of a semiconductor ring of mass m
(b) How much kinetic energy is lost before it and radius R about an axis passing through A
starts rolling. (The co-efficient of kinetic perpendicular to plane.
friction is m)
IA A
Sol.

IC (M, R)
com
2R
p x
O

Sol. From parallel axis theorem

From the free body diagram it is clear that IO = IC + mx2
N = mg.
From eqns. of motion we have mR2 = IC + mx2 [ I0 = mR2]
m acm = –mmg … (i) IC = mR2 – mx2
Icma = mmg R … (ii)
Again from parallel axis theorem,
R = radius of the ball
IA = IC + md2
⇒ acm = −mg
IA = (mR2 – mx2) + m(R – x)2
mmgR mmgR 5mg
⇒a= = =
Icm 2 2R Put x = 2R/p
mR2
5
Q. Find MOI about B is IB.
After time ‘t’, the velocity Vf of center of ball
and angular velocity wf will be (M, R, ring)
Vf = Vo − mgt … (iii)
IC
5mg d
wf = 0 t … (iv) x
2R
B
If it starts rolling after time t then O
Vf − wfR = 0 … (v) Sol. IO = mR2
After solving eqns (iii), (iv) and (v) we have
d= R2 x2
5 5V
(a) Vf = Vo and wf = o IO = IC + md2 [Parallel axis theorem]
7 7R
2 2
(b) The change in kinetic energy is mR = IC + mx
1 1 2m 2 2 1 IC = mR2 – mx2 ...(i)
DKE = mV 2 wR − mV 2
2 cm 2 5 2 0
IB = IC + md2 [Parallel axis theorem]
2 2
1 5 m 5 Vo 1 mV02 = mR – mx + m(R + x2)
2 2 2
= m Vo R2 − mV 2 = −
2 7 5 7 R 2 0 7 IB = 2mR2
242 Physics P
W
 Q. Two identical rings each of mass m with their
planes mutually perpendicular, radius R are
welded at their point of contact O. If the
system is free to rotate about an axis passing
through the point P perpendicular to the plane
of the paper, then the moment of inertia of the 2
v = wR , I = mR2
system about this axis is equal to 5
2
P 7vCM
h=
10 g
Q. A uniform rod AB of length L and mass m is
held vertically on smooth horizontal surface. At
O t = 0, it is slightly disturbed so that it starts
slipping on the smooth surface. Find the angular
velocity w and velocity voof center of mass when
Sol. 11.5 mR2 rod makes an angle q with the horizontal.
B
Q. Find torque due to gravity at any time t about
point of projection O, if a body is projected
with velocity u at an angle q with the horizontal.
Sol.
A
Sol. Since external force, namely, mg and N act in
vertical direction only, the center of mass will
move in the vertical direction. End A of the rod
At every instant force mg is in downward
direction and perpendicular distance will be can only slip in the horizontal direction (see fig.
displacement along x-axis i.e. x = (u cosq )t below). The instantaneous axis rotation will be
at point O when rod makes an angle q with the
tO = mg u cos q t, it is increasing with time. horizontal.
Q. A thin hoop of weight 500 N and radius 1 m B
rests on a rough inclined plane as shown in the
(L/2)cosq
figure.
O
The minimum coefficient of friction needed for vo
this configuration is: q
A
Conserving mechanical energy, we obtain
1
(mg L / 2)(1 − sin q) = I w2
2 o
in which Io = Icm + md2
mL2 mL2
1 = cos2 q
Sol. 12 4
2 3
12g
1 − sin q
Q. A ball of radius R and mass m is rolling without ⇒w=
1 3cos q L2
slipping on a horizontal surface with velocity
of its centre of mass v. It then rolls without The velocity of the center of mass is given by.
slipping up a hill to a height h before momentarily vo = w L/2)cos q
coming to rests. Find h.

1 1 2 =
)
12 1 − sin q gL cos q
Sol. mv2 Iw = mgh 2
2 2 1 3cos2 q

243
Rotation
 Q. A plank of mass M rests on a smooth horizontal Show that h = (4/5)R
plane. A sphere of mass m and radius r placed
where R is the radius of ball
on the rough upper surface of the plank and
the plank is suddenly given a velocity v in the
direction of its length. Find the time after
which the sphere begins pure rolling, if the
coefficient of friction between the plank and
the sphere is m and the plank is sufficiently
long.
Sol. F acts for time Dt. Then
Sol. Let t be the time after which slipping between
FDt FDth
the sphere and plank ceases. Vcm = vo = & w=
M (2 / 5)MR2
For the sphere, N = mg, mN = macm
5voh
⇒ acm = mg ⇒w=
2R2
After the application of impulse, angular
momentum about A will be conserved.
⇒ Li = Lf
Vf
⇒ MvoR Icm w = MVfR Icm
R

2 5voh 2 MR2 9
⇒ MvoR MR2 = MR v
5 2R2 5 R 7 o
t = Ia ⇒ mmgr = (2 / 5)mr2 a
5mg 9 4
⇒a = ⇒ MR Mh = MR ⇒ h = R
2r 5 5
For the plank, Q. A cube of side length a moves on smooth
horizontal surface (see fig.). At point P, it
mmg
mN = Map ⇒ ap = collides inelastically with a small obstacle. As
M
a result it starts rotating about it. Find the
After time t, minimum velocity v that should be imparted to
mmg the block so that it topples over.
velocity of plank, vP = v − t
M
velocity of sphere, vcm = mgt
5mg
angular velocity of sphere, w = t
2r
For no slipping, the point of contact of sphere Sol. During collision angular momentum about P
should have same speed as that of plank, would be conserved (Why?). Energy will not be
⇒ cm wr = vP conserved as collision is not elastic. Let w0 be
Substituting and solving the angular velocity of cube just after collision.
Conserving angular momentum about P, we
5mg mmg
mgt t r=v− t obtain
2r M a
mv = Ip wo
2v 2v 2
⇒t = =
g(2m 5m 2mm / M) mg 7 (2 m / M) Where Ip = Icm + md2
Q. A billiards ball, initially are rest is given a sharp
a2 a2 2 2
impulse by a cue. The cue is held a distance h = m ma2 / 2 = ma
12 12 3
above center line (see fig.). The ball leaves the
cue with a speed vo and because of its forward 4
motion finally acquires a speed of (9/7) vo. ⇒v= aw
3
244 Physics P
W
 If the cube manages to rotate by p/4,then it v0 v
will topple over. Applying energy conservation = = angular velocity of bobbin, w
R R r
after the collision, we have
vR
1 a a ∴ v0 = … (ii)
0 − Ip w2 mg − =0 R r
2 2 2
vR a
Now Eq.(i) becomes wR = sin a tan
2mga 1 3 R r 2
⇒ w2 = 1− ⇒ w2 = (g / a)( 2 − 1)
Ip 2 2 2 a a
2v sin2 cos
2 2
or w =
Substituting it in v = (4/3)a w, gives (R r)
8 Q. A cylinder of mass m is suspended through
v= ga( 2 − 1)
3 two strings wrapped around it as shown in
figure. Find (a) the tension T in the string and
Q. A bobbin rolls without slipping over a horizontal
(b) the speed of the cylinder as it falls through
surface so that the velocity v of the end of
a distance h.
the thread (point A) is

directed along the horizontal. A board hinged Sol. The portion of the strings between the ceiling
at B leans against the bobbin as shown in figure. and the cylinder is at rest. Hence the points
The inner and outer radii of the bobbin are r of the cylinder where the strings leave it are
and R respectively. Determine the angular at rest. The cylinder is thus rolling without
velocity w of the board as a function of angle a. slipping on the strings. Suppose the centre of
the cylinder falls with an acceleration a. The
Sol. Let P be the point of contact of the board and
angular acceleration of the cylinder about its
the bobbin at a certain instant. As the bobbin is
axis is a = a/R, as the cylinder does not slip over
in pure rolling, the velocity of point P,
     the strings.
vP = vrotation vtranslation = vP, C vC
The equation of motion for the centre of mass of
the cylinder is
mg – 2T = ma … (i)
and for the motion about the centre of mass, it
is
2Tr = Ia

If the angular velocity of the board at this 1 a ma

2Tr = mr2 or 2T = … (ii)
instant is w, the linear velocity of the point of 2 r 2
wR 2 mg
the board in contact with the bobbin is From (i) and (ii), a = g and T = .
a 3 6
tan
2 As the centre of the cylinder starts moving
normal to the board. from rest, the velocity after it has fallen
If the board is to remain in contact with the through a distance h is given by
bobbin, their normal velocities should be same,
i.e., 2 4gh
v2 = 2 g h or v = .
wR
3 3
= v0 sin a … (i)
tan
a Q. A sphere of mass m and radius r is released
2 from rest at point A on a track in vertical
Comparing angular speed about instantaneous plane. The track is rough enough to support
centre of rotation, rolling between A and B and from B onwards
245
Rotation
 it is smooth. The maximum height attained Q. Consider a sphere of mass ‘m’ radius ‘R’ doing
by sphere from ground on its journey from B pure rolling motion on a rough surface having

onwards is velocity v0 as shown in the figure. It makes an
elastic impact with the smooth wall and moves
back and starts pure rolling after some time
again.

Sol. At B
1 1
mgH = mV 2 I w2
2 cm 2 cm
(a) Change in angular momentum about ‘ ’ in the
1 1 2 2 2 7
= mw2r2 mr w = mr2 w2 entire motion equals 2mv0 R in magnitude.
2 2 5 10
(b) Moment of impulse provided by wall during
10gH
⇒ w2 = impact about O equals 2mv0R in magnitude
7r2
3
At highest point along curve BC, (c) Final velocity of ball will be v
7 0
1 3
mgH = mgh Icm w2 (d) Final velocity of ball will be − v
2 7 0
1 2 2 10gH Sol. (a,b,d)
⇒ mgH = mgh mr
2 5 7r2
(a) Change in angular momentum.
2 5H
⇒h =H 1− = .
7 7
Q. A uniform cylinder of mass M and radius R is
to be pulled over a step of height a (a < R) by
applying a force F at its centre ‘O’ perpendicular
to the plane through the axes of the cylinder on
the edge of the step (see figure). The minimum = Lf –Li
value of F required is
= (Iw – mv0R) – (I w + mv0R) = – 2mv0R
(b) Impulse = Change in momentum
= – 2mv0R
(d)

Sol.

Conserving angular momentum about the point P

Iw0 – mv0R = Iw + mvR
To step up, F × R Mg × x
2 v0
Mg ⇒ mR2 − mv0R
⇒ Fmin = 2
R − (R − a) 2 5 R
R
2 v
R−a
2 = mR2 mvR
= Mg 1 − 5 R
R
3v0
⇒ v=−
7

246 Physics P
W
Comprehension (Q. (a) to (b)): A uniform disc of Q. A solid hemisphere rests in equilibrium on a
mass ‘m’ and radius R is free to rotate in horizontal rough ground and against a smooth wall. The
plane about a vertical smooth fixed axis passing curved surface touches the wall and the ground.
through its centre. There is a smooth groove along The angle of inclination of the circular base to
the diameter of the disc and two small balls of mass the horizontal is 30°, the minimum coefficient
m of friction required between ground and
each are placed in it on either side of the centre
2 hemisphere is m. Find the value of 32m.
of the disc as shown in figure. The disc is given initial
angular velocity w0 and released.

R rough

Sol. [6.00] Torque about O,

3R 3mg
fR = mg cos 60 ⇒ f =
8 16
(a) The angular speed of the disc when the balls
reach the end of the disc is:
Sol. Let the angular speed of disc when the balls 30° O
reach the end be w. From conservation of N2 60° 3R/8
angular momentum 60°
mg R
1 1 m 2 m 2 30°
mR2 w0 = mR2 w R w R w
2 2 2 2 N1
w N2 = f
or w = 0
3 N1 = mg
(b) The speed of each ball relative to ground just 3mg
after they leave the disc is: f=
16
Sol. The angular speed of the disc just after the f µN1
balls leave the disc is
3
w m ⇒ 32µ = 6
w= 0 16
3
Let the speed of each ball just after they leave Q. Disc of mass M = 10 kg and radius R = 50 cm is
the disc be v. revolving about fixed vertical axis on smooth
horizontal surface with angular velocity w0 = 10
From conservation of energy
rad/sec. A block of mass m = 5kg is connected
1 1 to disc through slack string as shown in the
mR2 w20
2 2 diagram. Find the angular velocity (in rad/s)
when string become taut.
1 1 1 m 2 1 m 2 m
= mR2 w2 v v
2 2 2 2 2 2
Solving we get R
O w0
2Rw0
v=
3
Sol. Conserving angular momentum about O
(c) The net work done by forces exerted by disc on 1 1
one of the ball for the duration ball remains on × M × R2w0 = MR2w + mvR
the disc is 2 2
v = Rw
1 m 2
Sol. Work done by all forces equal Kf – Ki = 2 2 v 1 1
⇒ Mw0 = M m w
2 2
mR2 w20
= Mw0 10 10
9 w= = = 5 rad/s
M 2m 10 10
247
Rotation