PYTHON NOTES (BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE)
1. Introduction to Python
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language used for web development, data analysis,
automation, and more. It is known for its simple syntax and readability.
2. Data Types in Python
(a) Integer (int): Used to store whole numbers.
Example: x = 10
(b) Float (float): Used to store decimal numbers.
Example: x = 10.5
(c) String (str): Used to store text.
Example: name = 'Bilal'
(d) Boolean (bool): Used to store True or False values.
Example: is_valid = True
Why Data Types are used?
Data types define the type of data a variable can store. They help Python understand what
operations can be performed on that data.
3. Data Structures
(a) List: Ordered, mutable collection.
Example: [1,2,3]
(b) Tuple: Ordered, immutable collection.
Example: (1,2,3)
(c) Dictionary: Key-value pairs.
Example: {'name':'Bilal'}
(d) Set: Unordered, unique elements.
Example: {1,2,3}
4. Loops in Python
(a) For Loop
Used when the number of iterations is known.
Example:
for i in range(5): print(i)
(b) While Loop
Used when the number of iterations is unknown and depends on condition.
Example:
while i < 5: i += 1
Loop Control Statements
break: Stops the loop completely.
continue: Skips current iteration.
Why Loops are used?
Loops help automate repetitive tasks and reduce code duplication.
5. Functions
Functions are reusable blocks of code.
Example:
def greet(name): return 'Hello ' + name
6. Conclusion
Python is powerful and easy to learn. Understanding data types and loops is essential for building
strong programming logic.