Tooth Development
Dr. Rasha Al-Serwi
Professor of oral Biology
Objective
• This lesson enables us to State the
principles of initiation, proliferation,
differentiation, and development of
Tooth and dental tissues.
Tooth Developmental stages
Tooth Developmental Morphological Stages
• Primary epithelial band gives rise to two subdivisions
(vestibular lamina and Dental lamina )
1 Vestibular lamina:
• It rapidly enlarges and then degenerates to form a cleft
that becomes the vestibule between the cheek and the
tooth-bearing area
Oral epithelium
2 ****
Neural crest cells induce proliferation of the basal cell layer of oral
epithelium results in the formation of dental lamina which is an epithelial
growth in the underlying ectomesenchyme.
DENTAL LAMINA
1 2
Dental
lamina EPITHELIAL
PROLIFRATION
MESENCHYMAL
CONDENSATION
2- Bud stage
EPITHELIAL
PROLIFRATION
MESENCHYMAL
CONDENSATION
Cap stage
• During this stage, the tooth bud does not grow into a large sphere
surrounded by the ectomesenchyme.
• Instead, there is unequal growth in different parts of the tooth bud,
leading to the formation of a cap shape attached to the dental
lamina by a broad connection.
Tooth Enamel Dental Dental
germ organ Papilla Sac
Cap Stage
Outer dental
epithelium •1 1
5 3
Inner dental
epithelium •2
Stellate
reticulum cells •3
2
Dental papilla •4
Dental Sac •5 4
Enamel Knot:
• A condensation of ectodermal cells in the
central region of the inner enamel epithelium
• It extends towards the outer enamel
epithelium, forming a strand of cells
(Enamel cord).
They are both transient structures
➢ They may have a role in determining the
cusp position in molars,
➢ or may give the stratum intermedium in the
bell stage
Early Bell Stage
❑ The cap shape of the
enamel organ changes into
a bell shape due to
continued unequal growth.
❑ During this stage, the
connection of the enamel
organ to the dental lamina
is elongated, forming a
lateral dental lamina which
is located labially to the
dental lamina proper.
35_bb DENTAL LAMINA PROPER
Main Dental LAMINA
SUCCESSOR PRIMORDIUM
Lateral Dental Lamina
Cervical loop
Early Bell Stage
Early Bell Stage
Main Dental Lamina •1 1
Lateral Dental Lamina •2
4
Successional Dental Lamina •3 2
Outer dental epithelium •4
6 5 3
9
Inner dental epithelium •5
8 7
Stellate reticulum •6
Cervical loop •7
Dental papilla •8
Dental Sac •9
Note
There are different types of laminae:
•Vestibular lamina Oral vestibule
•For permanent molars, posterior extension of the dental
lamina distal to primary second molars.
•Successional dental lamina Permanent successors
•Lateral dental lamina Connect the (dental organ )
with the main D. L.
Hard Tissue Formation
The arrangement of the inner enamel epithelium maps out the shape of the crown
Both dentinogenesis and amelogenesis have begun at the cusp tip
Dental Sac
Inner Enamel Epithelium
Odontoblasts
Early Bell Stage
Early Bell Stage(Appostion)
41_bb
42_bb
STRATUM INTER.
STELLATE RETICULUM
INNER DENT. EPITH.
PREDENTIN
ODONTOBLASTS
Early Bell Stage (Apposition)
• This final stage of odontogenesis includes
apposition of both dentin and enamel
• The odontoblasts start their secretory
activity and have laid down the first layer
of dentin (predentin) before enamel matrix
production begins
Dentin matrix
Odontoblast
Reciprocal Induction
Ameloblast
Enamel matrix
Dentin
Dentin matrix
Odontoblast
Preameloblasts
Odontoblasts
Preameloblasts Preameloblasts
Dental papilla Odontoblasts
Late Bell Stage(Apposition)
• During this stage, the lateral
dental lamina joining the tooth
germ to the oral epithelium
breaks up into discrete islands
of epithelium, which normally
degenerate, but some may
persist and are given the name
of epithelial pearls ( epithelial
rests of Serres).
SERRES’ PEARLS
27
28
Developing Tooth
35_bb
Tooth germ= Enamel organ + Dental papilla + Dental
sac
• ENAMEL (DENTAL) ORGAN arised from ectodermal tissue.
• dental papilla and dental sac both arise from the
ectomesenchymal tissue.
• ENAMEL (DENTAL) ORGAN GIVES RISE TO.....ENAMEL,
• DENTAL PAPILLA GIVES RISE TO.............DENTIN AND PULP
• DENTAL SAC (FOLLICLE) GIVES RISE TO...... CEMENTUM,
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT AND ALVEOLAR BONE.
Root Formation
Cervical loop
Root Formation
Elongation of cervical loop
(without [Link] or [Link])
Formation of
epithelial root sheath of Hertwig
odontoblast differentiation
beginning of
of root dentin formation
Breakdown & migration
of root sheath cells
Differentiation of cementoblasts from
dental sac cells
Formation of cementum
on the surface of root dentin
SINGLE ROOT FORMATION
Odontoblasts
Pulp
Periodontal ligament
Alveolar bone
Once cementum matrix is formed, the cells of the dental sac
begins to form the surrounding supporting tissues (periodontal
ligament and alveolar bone)
MULTI-ROOTED TOOTH
Apical view
After developing the
area of the root trunk,
tongue-like horizontal
epithelial extensions
elongated separating
the single root into two
or three.
Formation of a single Root, two rooted tooth
and three rooted tooth
Tongue Like
Extensions
Epithelial
diaphragm
CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Enamel pearls
❖ The cells of the epithelial root sheath of Hertwig remain
adherent to the dentin surface, they may differentiate into
ameloblasts and produce enamel, called enamel pearls.
❖ They appear as small, spherical enamel projections
especially at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) or in the
furcation area in molars.
Enamel Pearl
Accessory root canal
• If the continuity of the epithelial root sheath of Hertwig is broken prior
to odontoblastic differentiation and dentin formation a defect in the
dental wall of the pulp chamber or root canal will result.
Other defects may be found in the pulpal floor as a result of
disturbance in the fusion of the extension of the diaphragm of the
Hertwig’s root sheath.
These defects account for the development
of accessory root canals opening on the
periodontal surface of the root.
Accessory root canal
Large blood vessel may disturb the course of
root sheath lead to accessory root canal.