WEB TECHNOLOGIES - UNIT III
NODEJS & MERN STACK
This document contains detailed UNIT-III preparation notes including: 2 Marks Important Questions 8 Marks Long
Answers Advantages and Disadvantages Diagrams NodeJS Programs with Examples MERN Stack Concepts
PART - A : 2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. What is NodeJS?
NodeJS is an open-source runtime environment used to execute JavaScript outside the browser. It supports
asynchronous and event-driven programming.
2. Mention features of NodeJS.
Event-driven architecture, non-blocking I/O, asynchronous programming, scalability, npm support.
3. What is npm?
npm stands for Node Package Manager. It is used to install and manage NodeJS packages.
4. What is REPL?
REPL stands for Read Eval Print Loop. It is an interactive shell for executing NodeJS commands.
5. What are Node Modules?
Modules are reusable blocks of JavaScript code.
6. What is EventEmitter?
EventEmitter is a class used for creating and handling events.
7. What is fs module?
fs module is used for file handling operations.
8. What is HTTP module?
HTTP module is used for creating web servers.
9. What is [Link]?
[Link] is a lightweight framework for building APIs and web applications.
10. What is MERN Stack?
MERN stands for MongoDB, [Link], [Link], and [Link].
11. What is MongoDB?
MongoDB is a NoSQL database that stores data in BSON format.
12. What is dotenv?
dotenv is used to load environment variables from .env file.
13. What is local module?
A local module is a module created by the user inside the application.
14. What is third-party module?
Modules installed using npm are called third-party modules.
15. What is asynchronous programming?
Execution of tasks without blocking other operations.
PART - B : 8 MARKS QUESTIONS
Explain NodeJS and its features.
NodeJS is an open-source and cross-platform runtime environment built on Chrome V8 JavaScript engine. It is mainly
used for server-side application development. Features:
1. Event-driven architecture
2. Non-blocking I/O
3. Fast execution
4. Asynchronous programming
5. npm support
6. Cross-platform compatibility
7. Scalability
Advantages:
• Fast execution
• Good for APIs and real-time apps
• Huge community support
Disadvantages:
• Not suitable for CPU intensive tasks
• Callback complexity
Diagram:
Client → NodeJS Server → Database → Response
Explain REPL in NodeJS.
REPL stands for Read Eval Print Loop. It is an interactive environment provided by NodeJS. Working:
1. Read user input
2. Evaluate command
3. Print output
4. Loop again
Commands:
• .help
• .editor
• .save
• .load
Advantages:
• Quick testing
• Easy debugging
• Interactive execution
Diagram:
User Input → REPL → Execution → Output
Explain Node Modules with examples.
Modules are reusable blocks of JavaScript code. Types:
1. Built-in modules
2. Local modules
3. Third-party modules
Local Module Example:
Explain Events Module in NodeJS.
Events module helps in handling asynchronous events. Important methods:
• on()
• once()
• emit()
• removeListener()
Advantages:
• Efficient asynchronous handling
• Faster execution
• Better scalability
Diagram:
Event Emit → Listener → Callback → Output
Explain HTTP module in NodeJS.
HTTP module is used to create web servers. Important concepts:
• createServer()
• req object
• res object
• Routing
Advantages:
• Easy server creation
• Lightweight
• API support
Diagram:
Client Request → HTTP Server → Response
Explain File Handling in NodeJS.
NodeJS uses fs module for file operations. Operations:
• Reading files
• Writing files
• Appending files
• Deleting files
• Renaming files
Advantages:
• Non-blocking execution
• Easy file handling
• Supports asynchronous methods
Diagram:
Application → fs Module → File System
Explain MERN Stack Architecture.
MERN Stack is a full-stack JavaScript framework. Components:
1. MongoDB
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
Working:
React handles frontend.
Express and NodeJS manage backend.
MongoDB stores data.
Advantages:
• Full-stack JavaScript
• Scalable applications
• Reusable components
Diagram:
React Frontend → Express API → NodeJS → MongoDB
Explain Serverless Hello World Application.
Serverless applications run without managing physical servers. Components:
• AWS Lambda
• API Gateway
• IAM Roles
Advantages:
• Automatic scaling
• Reduced cost
• Easy deployment
Disadvantages:
• Cold start problem
• Vendor dependency
Diagram:
Client → API Gateway → Lambda Function → Response
IMPORTANT NODEJS PROGRAMS
Hello World Server
const http=require('http');
const server=[Link]((req,res)=>{
[Link]("Hello World");
[Link]();
});
[Link](3000,()=>{
[Link]("Server Running");
});
File Read Program
const fs=require('fs');
[Link]('[Link]','utf8',(err,data)=>{
if(err){
[Link](err);
}
else{
[Link](data);
}
});
File Write Program
const fs=require('fs');
[Link]('[Link]',"Hello World",(err)=>{
if(err){
[Link](err);
}
else{
[Link]("File Written");
}
});
EventEmitter Program
const EventEmitter=require('events');
const event=new EventEmitter();
[Link]('msg',()=>{
[Link]("Event Triggered");
});
[Link]('msg');
Express Server Example
const express=require('express');
const app=express();
[Link]('/',(req,res)=>{
[Link]("Welcome");
});
[Link](3000,()=>{
[Link]("Server Running");
});
OS Module Example
const os=require('os');
[Link]([Link]());
[Link]([Link]());
[Link]([Link]());
UNIT III QUICK REVISION
NodeJS: Runtime environment for JavaScript.
[Link]: Backend framework.
MongoDB: NoSQL database.
[Link]: Frontend library.
MERN Stack: Full-stack JavaScript technology.
Important Commands:
npm init -y
npm install express
node [Link]
nodemon [Link]