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Refraction Detailed Notes

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6 views2 pages

Refraction Detailed Notes

Uploaded by

psreddy7776
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Refraction of Light – Detailed Notes

1. Definition:

Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another due to change in
speed.

2. Cause of Refraction:

Light travels at different speeds in different media. When it enters a new medium, its speed
changes, causing it to bend.

3. Laws of Refraction (Snell’s Law):

- The incident ray, refracted ray, and normal lie in the same plane.

- n1 sin(i) = n2 sin(r)

4. Refractive Index:

n=c/v

Where c is speed of light in vacuum and v is speed in medium.

5. Refraction at Curved Surfaces:

Occurs in lenses.

- Convex lens: converges light rays.

- Concave lens: diverges light rays.

Different points have different normals, so bending varies.

6. Lens Formula:

1/f = 1/v + 1/u

7. Magnification:

m = v/u

8. Ray Rules:

Convex lens:

- Parallel rays pass through focus.

- Rays through focus emerge parallel.

- Rays through optical center go straight.


Concave lens:

- Parallel rays appear from focus.

- Always forms virtual, diminished image.

9. Applications:

- Spectacles

- Cameras

- Microscopes

Summary:

Refraction is the bending of light due to change in speed and is essential for image formation in
lenses.

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