31/07/2025
Factors (Most common triggers) /Activating events
Self-efficacy: Belief
1. Family bonds
in one’s own potential/
ability
2. Social life
3. Professional life
3 types of people 4. Traumatic events
Self 5. Special life (love life)
Potential
efficacy
6. Physical health
X ✓ 7. Mental health
X 8. Financial life
✓
9. Rejections
✓ ✓
10. Capabilities/abilities
X X 11. Body image
12. Gender identity
13. Success and failures
14. Feedback/ views of other people about me/ Social validation
Keypoints in a session
Rapport building
Therapist intro, confidentiality, language, body language
(client should feel welcomed, smiling, open posture)
Empathetic & non-judgemental environment
Therapist should be shock sustainer
Probing approach
Finding critical Activating events
21/08/25
21/08/25
Doesn't feel connected to anyone in the family.
Doesn't like to be the centre of attention
Fear of judgement
Doesn't have a lot of friends
Feels that she's someone who cannot socialize with people
Wants to learn about socializing because of her careen
Note: “How much does …… issue matter/affect you on a scale
of 1-10
So you’d want to take help for this on a priority basis? (find
the problem that needs to be addressed immediately)
Confirm that then tell them we'll address this issue first and
then I'll help you with xyz issues you have mentioned
Suggest emotion focused strategies it act as a first aid
28/08/2025
family not supportive
Feels that family has expectations from just her and
not her brother
Doesn't feel much connected to her father
More connected to mother
took o 5 year gap
Rating scale has to be about the affect of an activating
event
What does support look like for you?
Have you tried communicating with your father/mother
about this?
The first session is about finding activating event and how
much it is affecting the client it is not about finding
once the critical a is found discuss about the consequences and
then recommend feel better strategy
Ask about the coping strategies they use and identify if is
adaptive or maladaptive
what kind of things did that person used to say that
triggered you the most?
Are you close to the rest of your friends that are in contact
with her and you like to spend time with them?
objective vulnerability - 50%, what has already happened
subjective vulnerability - 50%
Self- depreciation Unconditional self-acceptance with
accountability
11/09/2025
Disputation
Not debate
Understanding the client's problem
not able to stand for oneself
Internal locus of control
Once you identify that ask the client if they have any
responses that portray an external locus of control
Make the client aware of another way to react to a situation
Gave an example of person x person y
How person X deals with the situation they get affectedbut
they don't let it affect their entire day
Explained
confirmed reality (Factual)- My decision went wrong
Perceived reality(not factual)- I’m useless
Make client aware that they CAN choose their perceived
reality, they have free will, a choice to say no
The client believes that their perceived reality is the
confirmed reality
Become or act as the belief the client holds to dispute
Ask the client to work on it on an episodic level, tell them that
it’s okay to fail
Brain gym- rethink about the situation when it happened and
then try to reframe it, developing the habit to think rationally
Note: what if there's cognitive dissonances meaning what if the
person already knows what the problem is or what the belief is
but they're not able to change it
Ask the client to find evidences about why they’re good enough
Ask questions like “Can it happen?”
Dilemma about whether on not to ve a conversation
Which option do you see yourself most comfortable for now
at least the idea of it.?
Whether i have processed this enough ?
What are the advantages or disadvantages of doing this?
How certain things that I can’t tolerate but it can happen
If it’s any belief ehat are the choices that i am making?
When you get confused about various factors in the As
using a rating scale
Ask the client if it goes to 2,3,4 will you feel better?
If a person is dysregulated their memory will be distorted
So it’s very important for the client to be regulated to
process and “sit” with it
When you’re suggesting a feel better strategy explain the
rationale behind it
So that they do it mindfully and not mindlessly
When a client talks abouta stressful situations ack them what
thoughts were going or in their mind on what conversations
they were having with themself.
Slowly try to make them understand
I just want you to think about this
Do think someone’s who’s in the same situation might deal with
this differently.
If you agree how differently do you think they will deal with it?