🧑‍💻 FULL STACK DEVELOPMENT

COMPLETE INTERVIEW & EXAM GUIDE (FINAL)

📄 HTML – QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1. What is HTML?
HTML is a markup language used to structure web pages.
2. What is an HTML element?
An element consists of start tag, content, and end tag.
3. What are HTML tags?
Tags define elements in HTML.
4. What is DOCTYPE?
It specifies the HTML version to the browser.
5. Difference between <div> and <span>?
div is block-level; span is inline.
6. What are semantic tags?
Tags that convey meaning, like <header>, <footer>.
7. What is an attribute?
Provides extra information about an element.
8. id vs class?
id is unique; class can be reused.
9. What is iframe?
Embeds another webpage.
10. What is a form?
Used to collect user input.
🎨 CSS – QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
1. What is CSS?
CSS styles web pages.
2. Types of CSS?
Inline, Internal, External.
3. What is box model?
Content, padding, border, margin.
4. What is flexbox?
One-dimensional layout system.
5. What is grid?
Two-dimensional layout system.
6. What is responsive design?
Adapts UI to different screen sizes.
7. What is media query?
Applies styles based on screen size.
8. display:none vs visibility:hidden?
none removes element; hidden hides it.
9. What is position property?
Controls element placement.
10. What is z-index?
Controls stacking order.

🟨 JAVASCRIPT – QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

(VERY IMPORTANT)
1. What is JavaScript?
JavaScript is a scripting language used to make web pages interactive.
2. Why JavaScript is used?
To add logic, events, and dynamic behavior.
3. What are data types in JavaScript?
Number, String, Boolean, Null, Undefined, Object.
 4. What is var, let, const?
var is function-scoped, let and const are block-scoped.
5. Difference between let and const?
let can be reassigned; const cannot.
6. What is a function?
A block of reusable code.
7. Arrow function?
Shorter syntax for writing functions.
8. What is callback function?
A function passed as an argument to another function.
9. What is promise?
Handles asynchronous operations.
10. Promise states?
Pending, Fulfilled, Rejected.
11. What is async/await?
Simplifies handling of asynchronous code.
12. What is event loop?
Manages asynchronous execution.
13. What is hoisting?
Moving declarations to the top during execution.
14. What is closure?
Function that remembers outer variables.
15. What is DOM?
Programming interface for HTML documents.

🌿 GIT – QUESTIONS & COMMANDS

Git Basics
1. What is Git?
Git is a version control system.
2. Git vs GitHub?
Git is a tool; GitHub is a hosting platform.
 3. What is repository?
Storage location for project files.
4. What is commit?
Snapshot of changes.
5. What is branch?
Independent line of development.

🔧 IMPORTANT GIT COMMANDS

• Initialize repo → git init
• Clone repo → git clone <url>
• Status → git status
• Add files → git add .
• Commit → git commit -m "message"
• View history → git log
• Create branch → git branch name
• Switch branch → git checkout name
• Create & switch → git checkout -b name
• Merge branch → git merge name
• Pull changes → git pull origin main
• Push changes → git push origin main

🔗 API – QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1. What is an API?
API allows communication between applications.
2. Why APIs are used?
To connect frontend and backend.
3. What is REST API?
API using HTTP methods.
4. HTTP methods?
GET, POST, PUT, DELETE.
 5. GET vs POST?
GET retrieves data; POST sends data.
6. What is JSON?
Lightweight data exchange format.
7. What is status code?
Indicates result of an API request.
8. Common status codes?
200, 201, 400, 401, 404, 500.
9. What is API authentication?
Securing API using tokens or keys.
10. What is stateless API?
Server does not store client state.

🧠 BACKEND – QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1. What is backend?
Handles server logic and database.
2. What is middleware?
Runs between request and response.
3. What is authentication?
Verifying user identity.
4. What is authorization?
Granting access permissions.
5. What is JWT?
Token-based authentication.
6. Session vs JWT?
Session is stateful; JWT is stateless.
7. What is database?
Stores application data.
8. SQL vs NoSQL?
SQL is structured; NoSQL is flexible.
9. What is ORM?
Maps objects to database tables.
10. What is MVC?
Model-View-Controller architecture.
⚛️ REACT – QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
1. What is React?
JavaScript library for building UI.
2. What is JSX?
HTML-like syntax in JavaScript.
3. What is component?
Reusable UI unit.
4. Types of components?
Functional and Class.
5. What is state?
Component-controlled data.
6. What are props?
Data passed to components.
7. State vs Props?
State is mutable; props are immutable.
8. What is useState?
Hook for state management.
9. What is useEffect?
Hook for side effects.
10. What is virtual DOM?
Lightweight copy of real DOM.

🚀 ADVANCED FULL STACK (BONUS)

1. What is CORS?
Controls cross-origin requests.
2. What is XSS?
Malicious script injection.
3. What is SQL Injection?
Injecting malicious SQL queries.
4. What is Docker?
Containerization tool.
5. What is CI/CD?
Automated build and deployment.
6. What is cloud deployment?
Hosting apps on cloud.
7. What is caching?
Temporary storage for fast access.
8. What is load balancing?
Distributes traffic.
9. What is scalability?
Handling increased traffic.
10. What is microservices?
Application split into services.