ESPAÑOL
Lección 3
Overview
In this module, we will focus on introducing you to vocabulary words
seen in the house and in school. Also, this module will help you familiarize
yourselves with gender and number of nouns. Moreover, this will cover the
uses of irregular verbs ser and estar.
I. Objectives
In this lesson, students are expected to:
1. Learn the names of common people, places, and objects in the house
and in school;
2. Differentiate masculine and feminine nouns;
3. Construct simple phrases/sentences using ser and estar.
FL - Español
II. Discussion
A. Vocabulario: Persons, places and objects in the house
Knowing names of persons, places, and objects in the house is one of the
important lessons to learn in Spanish. The more frequent you use these
words, the faster you will learn them.
Read and say the following words aloud:
Places and objects in the house
la casa the house la cuchara the spoon
el patio the yard la taza the cup
el vestíbulo the entryway el vaso the glass
la alfombra the rug el platillo the saucer
la puerta the door el tenedor the fork
la ventana the window la cortina the curtain
la luz the light la sala the living room
la alcoba the bedroom la madera the wood
el baño the toilet el espejo the mirror
la cocina the kitchen el estudio the study
la nevera the refrigerator la pared the wall
el comedor the dining room el techo the ceiling
la mesa the table el estufa the stove
la silla the chair el horno the oven
el gabinete the cabinet la televisión the television
el plato the plate la colección the collection
Page 2 of 8
FL - Español
People in the house/The family (la familia)
el hombre the man la mujer the woman
el chico the boy la chica the girl
el padre the father la madre the mother
el marido/ la mujer/
the husband the wife
el esposo la esposa
el hijo the son la hija the daughter
el hermano the brother la hermana the sister
el niño the (baby) boy la niña the (baby) girl
el tío the uncle la tía the aunt
el primo the cousin (boy) la prima the cousin (girl)
el sobrino the nephew la sobrina the niece
el abuelo the grandfather la abuela the grandmother
el nieto the grandson la nieta the granddaughter
B. Gender and number of nouns
In Spanish, all nouns can either be masculine or feminine. As discussed in the
previous module, the definite article agrees with the noun in gender and number.
As a general rule, a noun is masculine if it ends in letters l, o, n, e, and r.
Examples:
el español
el libro
el leon
el pintor
On the other hand, a noun is feminine if it ends in d, -ion, z, and a.
la cara
la universidad
la ciudad
la union
la administracion
la luz
la cruz
Page 3 of 8
FL - Español
Examine the following exceptions:
el laud the lyre
el día the day
el tema the theme
el programa the program
el problema the problem
el pez the fish
el maiz the corn
el arroz the rice
el camion the truck
el avion the airplane
Here is another list of the most common exceptions to the “masculine o,
feminine a” rule which you should recognize:
Feminine:
la disco the disco (short for la discoreca)
la foto the photo (short for la fotografía)
la mano the hand
la modelo the female model (el modelo for male model)
la moto the motorcycle (short for la motocicleta)
la radio the radio (short for la radiodifusíon)
la reo the female criminal (el reo for male criminal)
la soprano the female soprano (el soprano for male)
la testigo the female witness (el testigo for male)
Masculine:
el aroma the aroma
el Canadá the Canada
el clima the climate
el cólera the colera (la cólera for anger)
Page 4 of 8
FL - Español
el cometa the comet (la cometa for kite)
el cura the priest (la cura for cure)
el día the day
el diagrama the diagram
el dilema the dilemma
el diploma the diploma
el drama the drama
el enigma the enigma
el esquema the outline/diagram
el guardia the policeman/ male guard
(la guardia for vigilance)
el guía the male guide (la guía for guidebook)
el idioma the language
el idiota the male idiot (la idiota for female idiot)
el mapa the map
el papa the pope (la papa for potato)
el poema the poem
el policía the policeman (la policía for police force)
el planeta the planet
el problema the problem
Plural in Spanish follows certain rules like English. Let us learn how Spanish
nouns form their plural. Study the following rules:
1. Most nouns ending in vowel form their plural by adding –s.
Examples:
escuela escuelas
libro libros
mesa mesas
Page 5 of 8
FL - Español
2. All nouns ending in consonant form their plural by adding –es.
Examples:
mes (month) meses
mujer (woman) mujeres
rey (king) reyes
3. Some nouns ending in z form their plural by changing z to c and add –es.
Examples:
luz (light) luces
lapiz (pencil) lapices
vez (time) veces
Note: The rules on pluralizing nouns in Spanish are also applied in adjectives
Examples:
the happy boy el chico feliz
those happy boys los chicos felices
the big house la casa grande
those big houses las casas grandes
the old car el coche antiguo
those old cars los coches antiguos
Page 6 of 8
FL - Español
C. Vocabulario: Persons, places and objects in school
Here are names of persons, places, and objects in the school.
la escuela the school la pizarra the blackboard
la universidad the university el marcador the marker
la mesa the table el horario the schedule
la silla the chair la computadora the computer
el bolígrafo the (ballpoint) pen el registro the registration
el cuaderno the notebook el teléfono the telephone
el lápiz the pencil el examen the exam
el libro the book la tarea the homework
el maestro/ the teacher el papel the paper
la maestra
el profesor/ the professor el condiscípulo the classmate
la profesora
el estudiante the student el boslo the bag
la biblioteca the library la clínica the clinic
la cafetería the cafeteria el curso the course
el decano/ the dean el portero the janitor
la decana
la guardia the guard el edificio the building
el periódico the newspaper el bibliotecario the librarian
la matricula the tuition el borador the eraser
Page 7 of 8
FL - Español
References:
Sapungan, R. M. (2017). Vamos Aprender Español. Quezon City: Great Books
Trading.
Page 8 of 8