STP (802.1d) Rapid STP (802.
1w)
In stable topology all
In stable topology only the root sends
bridges generate BPDU every Hello (2 sec) :
BPDU and relayed by others.
used as “keepalives” mechanism.
Port states
Disabled
Blocking Discarding (replace disabled, blocking and
listening)
Listening
Learning
Learning
Forwarding
Forwarding
Port roles
Root (Forwarding)
Root (Forwarding)
Designated (Forwarding)
Designated (Forwarding)
Alternate (Discarding)
Non-Designated (Blocking)
Backup (Discarding)
- An edge port (end node port) is an
Additional configuration to make an end
integrated Link type which depends on the
node port a port fast (in case a BPDU is
duplex : Point-to-point for full duplex &
received).
shared for half duplex).
Topology changes and convergence
Use timers for convergence (advertised by - Introduce proposal and
the root): agreement process for synchronization (<
1 sec).- Hello, Max Age and Forward delay
Hello (2 sec)
timer used only for backward compatibility
with standard STP
Max Age (20 sec)
Only RSTP port receiving STP (802.1d)
Forward delay timer (15 sec) messages will behaves as standard STP.
Faster transition on point-to-point and edge
ports only:Less states – No learning state,
Slow transition (50sec):Blocking (20s)
doesn’t wait to be informed by others,
=>Listening (15s) =>Learning (15s)
instead, activelylooks for possible failure
=>Forwarding
by RLQ (Request Link Query) a feedback
mechanism.
Use other 6 bits of the flag octet (BPDU type
2/version 2):Bit 1 : Proposal
Bit 2, 3 : Port role
Use only 2 bits from the flag octet:Bit 7 :
Bit 4 : Learning
Topology Change Acknowledgment
Bit 5 : Forwarding
Bit 0 : Topology Change
Bit 6 : Agreement
Bit 0, 7 : TCA & TCN for backward
compatibility
The bridge that discover a change in the
TC is flooded through the network, every
network inform the root, that in turns
bridge generate TC (Topology change) and
informs all others by sending BPDU with TCA
inform its neighbors when it is aware of a
bit set and instruct them to clear their DB
topology change and immediately delete
entries after “short timer” (~Forward
old DB entries.
delay)expire.
If a non-root bridge doesn’t receive Hello for
10*Hello (advertised from the root), start Wait for 3*Hello (advertised from the root)
claiming the root role by generating its own before deciding to act.
Hello.
Wait until TC reach the root + short timer Delete immediately local DB except MAC of
(~Forward delay) expires, then flash all root the port receiving the topology changes
DB entries (proposal)