DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Course: Mathematics-III (Complex Variables) — Comprehensive Assignment

Course Code: MA-201 | Target Audience: [Link]. Chemical Engineering (II/III Year) | Total Questions:
100

Instructions to Students: This assignment contains 100 moderate to challenging problems covering analytical,
geometrical, and practical application aspects of complex variables. Solutions must be mathematically rigorous, clearly
demonstrating all intermediate steps, algebraic transformations, and boundary conditions. Particular emphasis should
be given to Topic 9, which contextualizes complex analysis within transport phenomena, thermodynamics, and field
theory.

1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPLEX NUMBERS AND ALGEBRA OF COMPLEX

NUMBERS

1. Solve for z in the quadratic equation: z2 - (5 + i)z + (8 + i) = 0.

2. Prove that if |z1| = |z2| = 1 and z1z2 ≠ -1, then the quotient expression (z1 + z2) / (1 + z1z2) is a purely real
number.

3. Find all complex numbers z that satisfy the non-linear algebraic relation z¯ = z2, where z¯ denotes the complex
conjugate.

4. Determine the precise locus of the point z in the complex plane if Re((z - 1)/(z + 1)) = 0.

5. Simplify the expression [(1 + i tan θ) / (1 - i tan θ)]n and express the result in standard rectangular form a +
ib.

6. If z1, z2, z3 represent the vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle |z| = 2, prove analytically that
z1 + z2 + z3 = 0.

7. Solve the system of simultaneous equations for complex variables z and w: (1 + i)z - w = 2i and 2z + (1 - i)w =
2.

8. State and prove the triangle inequality |z1 + z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2|, and derive the necessary geometric condition for
equality.

9. Evaluate the finite summation of the complex powers: ∑k=110 (ik + i-k).

10. If x + iy = √((a + ib)/(c + id)), prove explicitly that the identity (x2 + y2)2 = (a2 + b2)/(c2 + d2) holds.

11. Express the polynomial P(z) = z4 - 4z3 + 11z2 - 14z + 10 as a power series expanding entirely in terms of
powers of (z - 1 - i).

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 2. POLAR FORM AND GEOMETRICAL REPRESENTATION OF COMPLEX
NUMBERS

12. Express the complex number z = -1 - i√3 in exponential polar form and determine its principal argument
Arg(z).

13. Describe and sketch the bounded geometrical region represented by the compound inequality 1 < |z - 2i| ≤ 3.

14. Find the equation of the unique circle passing through the three points 1, i, and -1 in the complex plane.

15. Determine the exact locus of a moving point z that satisfies the distance ratio relation |z - i| = 2|z + i|.

16. Prove that the general equation of a straight line in the complex plane can be written as a¯z + az¯ + b = 0,
where b is a real constant.

17. If z1 and z2 are adjacent vertices of a regular hexagon in the Argand plane, deduce the complex number
representing the geometric center.

18. Analyze and sketch the family of curves satisfying the constant argument condition Arg((z - 1)/(z + 1)) = π/4.

19. Show that the area of the triangle formed by the points z, iz, and z + iz is exactly given by ½|z|2.

20. Using polar parameters, prove that |(z1 - z2) / (1 - z¯1z2)| < 1 if |z1| < 1 and |z2| < 1.

21. Determine the coordinates of the stereographic projection of the complex point z = 3 + 4i onto a unit Riemann
sphere.

22. Let points A and B correspond to z1 and z2. If the origin O is the vertex of an isosceles right triangle AOB
right-angled at O, prove that z12 + z22 = 0.

3. DE MOIVRE'S THEOREM AND APPLICATIONS

23. Apply De Moivre's Theorem to derive an expression for cos(5θ) exclusively in terms of descending powers of
cos θ.

24. Determine all distinct complex roots of (-8i)1/3 and clearly display them on the Argand diagram.

25. Solve completely the 6th-degree cyclotomic polynomial equation: z6 + z5 + z4 + z3 + z2 + z + 1 = 0.

26. If xr = cos(π/2r) + i sin(π/2r), evaluate the infinite product and show that ∏r=1∞ xr = -1.

27. Prove the trigonometric-algebraic identity: [(1 + sin φ + i cos φ) / (1 + sin φ - i cos φ)]n = cos[n(π/2 - φ)] + i
sin[n(π/2 - φ)].

28. Find a compact, closed-form expression for the sum of the series: 1 + cos θ + cos(2θ) + ... + cos(nθ).

29. Determine the exact analytical product of all the distinct n-th roots of unity, distinguishing between even and
odd values of n.

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30. Expand the power expression sin7θ into a finite series containing only sines of multiple angles of θ.

31. Utilize the exponential expansion from De Moivre's relation to evaluate the integration ∫ eax cos(bx) dx.

32. Find the complete solution set for the polynomial equation z4 - 2z2 cos(2α) + 1 = 0.

33. Prove that the n-th roots of unity form a geometric sequence, and prove that their sum is identically zero for
any n ≥ 2.

4. COMPLEX FUNCTIONS AND MAPPINGS

34. Determine the conformal mapping image of the semi-infinite strip defined by x > 0, 0 < y < 2 under the
transformation w = z2.

35. Derive the bilinear (Möbius) transformation that maps the points z = 1, i, -1 respectively into the points w = i,
0, -i.

36. Prove analytically that the inversion mapping w = 1/z transforms circles and lines into circles or lines.

37. Find all fixed (invariant) points of the linear fractional transformation w = (2z - 5) / (z + 4).

38. Under the exponential mapping w = ez, determine the exact image of the rectangular domain bounded by 0 ≤ x
≤ 1 and 0 ≤ y ≤ π.

39. Construct a Möbius mapping that maps the interior of the unit disk |z| < 1 onto the entire right half-plane
Re(w) > 0.

40. Define the cross-ratio of four complex points. Prove from fundamental properties that any bilinear
transformation preserves the cross-ratio.

41. Locate the critical points of the Joukowsky transformation function w = z + 1/z and discuss their physical
significance in potential flow modeling.

42. Analyze the mapping behaviors of w = sin(z) and determine the image curves corresponding to horizontal
lines y = c.

43. Find the image of the circle boundary |z - 2| = 1 under the rational function transformation w = z / (z - 1).

44. Find the analytic transformation mapping the upper half-plane Im(z) > 0 to the unit disk |w| < 1 such that z = i
maps directly to w = 0.

5. LIMITS, CONTINUITY, AND DIFFERENTIABILITY OF COMPLEX FUNCTIONS

45. Evaluate the limit or demonstrate non-existence: limz→1+i (z2 - 2z + 2) / (z2 - 2i).

46. Prove that the conjugate function f(z) = z¯ is continuous everywhere across the complex domain but
differentiable nowhere.

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47. Show that the limit expression limz→0 (z¯ / z) does not exist by testing approach along different radial
trajectories.

48. Investigate the complex differentiability of f(z) = |z|2 at the specific isolated point z = 0 versus any point z ≠ 0.

49. Let f(z) = x3y(y - ix) / (x6 + y2) for z ≠ 0, and f(0) = 0. Prove that limz→0 f(z) = 0 along any straight line path
passing through the origin, yet the global limit does not exist.

50. Using the formal epsilon-delta (ε-δ) definition of a limit, prove that limz→i (z2 + 2) = 1.

51. If f(z) is continuous at a given point z0, prove rigorously that the absolute value function |f(z)| is also
continuous at z0.

52. Examine the continuity and limit behaviors of the real fraction function f(z) = Re(z) / |z| at the coordinate
origin z = 0.

53. Prove that any standard polynomial function P(z) = a0 + a1z + ... + anzn is continuous and differentiable over
the entire complex domain.

54. Discuss the differentiability of the component extraction function f(z) = Im(z) across the complex plane.

55. Let f(z) = √(|xy|). Show that while the Cauchy-Riemann equations are fully satisfied at the origin, the function
fails to be differentiable there.

6. ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS AND HARMONIC FUNCTIONS

56. Prove that if an analytic function f(z) = u + iv has a constant real part u(x,y) = c, the function itself must be
constant.

57. Show that the function u(x,y) = ex(x cos y - y sin y) satisfies Laplace's equation and is therefore harmonic.

58. Determine the harmonic conjugate function v(x,y) for the function u(x,y) given in Question 57.

59. Apply the Milne-Thomson method to directly construct an analytic function f(z) = u + iv where the real part is
u = x2 - y2 - y.

60. Prove that the curves defined by u(x,y) = c1 and v(x,y) = c2 form a system of orthogonal trajectories if f(z) = u
+ iv is analytic.

61. If f(z) = u + iv is a completely analytic function, prove the differential operator identity: (∂2/∂x2 + ∂2/∂y2)|f(z)|2
= 4|f'(z)|2.

62. Construct the full analytic function f(z) given that its imaginary part is defined as v(x,y) = 3x2y - y3.

63. Show that u = ln(x2 + y2) is harmonic everywhere except at the origin, but show that its conjugate harmonic
function is multi-valued.

64. If f(z) is analytic and non-vanishing within a domain, prove that ∇2 ln|f(z)| = 0.

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65. Test whether the function f(z) = sin(x)cosh(y) + i cos(x)sinh(y) is analytic anywhere in the complex domain.

66. Find the analytic expression for f(z) whose real component part is given by the expression u(x,y) = sin(2x) /
[cosh(2y) - cos(2x)].

7. CAUCHY-RIEMANN EQUATIONS: DERIVATION AND APPLICATIONS

67. Derive the Cauchy-Riemann equations in Cartesian coordinates from basic differentiability principles.

68. Derive the polar form of the Cauchy-Riemann equations: ∂u/∂r = (1/r)∂v/∂θ and ∂v/∂r = -(1/r)∂u/∂θ.

69. Verify that the function f(z) = z3 satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equations at every point in the complex plane.

70. Show that the function f(z) = z|z| satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equations at the origin but fails to be analytic
there.

71. State and prove the sufficient conditions for a complex function f(z) = u + iv to be analytic at a given point z0.

72. Using polar Cauchy-Riemann equations, show that the power function f(z) = zn (where n is an integer) is
analytic.

73. Let f(z) = (x3 - y3)/(x2 + y2) + i(x3 + y3)/(x2 + y2) for z ≠ 0, and f(0) = 0. Verify that the C-R equations hold at
the origin, but f'(0) does not exist.

74. If f(z) = u + iv is analytic, express its derivative f'(z) in four distinct combinations of partial derivatives.

75. Show that the Jacobian determinant of the transformation mapping (x,y) to (u,v) is exactly equal to |f'(z)|2
when f(z) is analytic.

76. If f(z) = u + iv is analytic within a bounded domain D, and the real component satisfies u(x,y) ≤ M, analyze
what conclusions can be drawn regarding f(z).

77. Determine the precise values of real constants a, b, and c such that f(z) = cos x (cosh y + a sinh y) + i sin x
(cosh y + b sinh y) is analytic.

8. ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS OF A COMPLEX VARIABLE (EXPONENTIAL,

TRIGONOMETRIC, HYPERBOLIC)

78. Evaluate and find both the principal value and the general values of the complex imaginary power ii.

79. Find all complex roots solving the transcendental equation: ez = -2.

80. Separate the complex tangent function f(z) = tan(z) into its constituent real and imaginary parts u(x,y) +
iv(x,y).

81. Find all complex values of z that satisfy the equation sin(z) = 2.

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82. Prove from exponential definitions that the hyperbolic identity cosh2(z) - sinh2(z) = 1 holds for all complex
numbers.

83. Identify the branch points, describe appropriate branch cuts, and define a single-valued branch for f(z) = √(z2 -
1).

84. Evaluate the principal branch value of the complex logarithm: Ln(1 - i).

85. Express the general log expression Log(-e i) in terms of its principal value and periodic integer parameters.

86. Prove that the inverse sine function can be represented in terms of logs as: arcsin(z) = -i Log(iz + √(1 - z2)).

87. Prove the reflection identities for trigonometric functions: sin(z)¯ = sin(z¯) and cos(z)¯ = cos(z¯).

88. Evaluate the hyperbolic value tanh(i π/4) and express the result in standard rectangular form.

9. APPLICATIONS AND PROBLEM SOLVING ON COMPLEX FUNCTIONS

(CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FOCUS)

Note: The following problems connect complex analysis concepts with physical transport systems, fluid kinetics,
potential fields, and thermal distributions typically encountered in chemical engineering analyses.

89. Fluid Kinematics: The complex potential for a two-dimensional ideal fluid flow around a cylinder is given by
Ω(z) = V0(z + a2/z). Resolve this function to find explicit expressions for the velocity potential φ(x,y) and the
stream function ψ(x,y).

90. Fluid Kinematics: For the flow field given in Question 89, prove that the circle boundary defined by |z| = a
corresponds to a constant streamline (ψ = k) and interpret its physical boundary condition relevance.

91. Heat Transport: In a steady-state two-dimensional heat conduction problem across an isotropic medium, the
temperature field T(x,y) must satisfy Laplace's equation. Determine the temperature distribution in the upper
half-plane if the boundary conditions are T(x,0) = 100 for -1 < x < 1 and T(x,0) = 0 elsewhere, using the
conformal mapping relation w = Ln((z-1)/(z+1)).

92. Electrostatics & Concentration Fields: Find the complex potential expression modeling an infinite line
source/charge of linear density λ positioned at the origin.

93. Potential Theory: Determine the orthogonal trajectories representing lines of flux for a system whose
equipotential curves are given by u(x,y) = x2 - y2 + 2x = c.

94. Fluid Flow Rates: Calculate the fluid velocity vector components (vx, vy) at the position point z = 1 + i if the
governing complex potential function is Ω(z) = z2.

95. Thermal Diffusion Lines: Isotherms (lines of constant temperature) within a solid reactor wall are mapped
out by the equation family x2 - y2 = c. Find the analytical equations defining the lines of heat flow.

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96. Mass Transport Modeling: Analyze the flow/diffusion field governed by the complex potential Ω(z) = (m /
2π) Log(z). Identify the physical nature of the origin point as a source or a sink based on the parameter sign.

97. Field Transformations: Verify that the complex transformation function w = sin(z) maps a parallel uniform
grid of electric field lines into confocal ellipses and hyperbolas.

98. Vorticity & Agitation: Formulate the complex potential function representing a fluid vortex of circulation
strength Γ centered at an arbitrary point z0.

99. Reactor Plate Design: A catalytic flat plate reactor is modeled as a semi-infinite strip: 0 ≤ x ≤ π, y ≤ 0.
Formulate the steady-state boundary value problem for temperature T(x,y) if T(0,y) = 0, T(π,y) = 0, and the
base temperature is T(x,0) = f(x), framing it via analytic complex functions.

100. Flux & Circulation Integrals: Evaluate the total circulation Γ and the net fluid flux Q around the closed
circular path contour |z| = 2 given the complex velocity potential function Ω(z) = (2 - 3i) Log(z).

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