Classification

LOGICAL REASONING

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Classification
The group of various objects on the basis of their most similar properties is known as
Classification. In this section a group of objects is given and aspirants have to classify
the wrong/correct object.

Letter Based Classification

In this section, A group of letters or words are given in a certain similarities between
them. You have to find out the similarities between them and choose the wrong/correct
alternatives from the given group.
The most common operation used are:
I. Addition/Subtraction/Multiplication/Reverse with the constant letters:
Example:
Choose the odd one from given alternatives:

EHG PSR MPQ BED

Here, E(5) + 3 = H(8), H(8) – 1 = G,

P(16) + 3 = S(19), S(19) – 1 = R(18),
M(13) + 3 = P(16), P(16) + 1 = Q(17),
B(2) + 3 = E(5), E(5) – 1 = D(4),
Hence, MPQ are odd here.
II. General Knowledge based classification:
Example:
Choose the word which is least like the other words in the group.

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1) Tiger 2) Lion 3) Leopard 4) Cow

In this group of words, all animals are carnivorous but cow is herbivorous.
Hence, the correct answer is Cow.

III. Classification based on Units of measurement:

Example:
Choose the odd pair.

1) Volume : Litre 2) Time : Seconds

3) Length : Meter 4) Pressure : Barometer

Here, in every options except in option 4, second word is the measuring unit of first
word given in every pair.
Hence, the correct answer is Pressure : Barometer.

IV. Country/State and Capital/Currency:

Example:
Choose the odd pair.

1) Nepal : Kathmandu 2) Vietnam : Hanoi

3) Afghanistan : Kabul 4) India : Rupees

Here, all the given pair is country and capital except option 4 i.e. India : Rupees.
Rupees is the currency of India.
Hence, the correct answer is India : Rupees.

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Q. In the following question, find the odd one from the given alternatives.

1) Netherland 2) Brunei 3) Croatia 4) Serbia

A. Solution:
Netherland, Croatia and Serbia are European countries.
Hence, Brunei is the odd one from the given alternative

Q. In the following question, find the odd one from the given alternatives.

1) NM 2) BD 3) IR 4) PK

A. Solution:

The logic followed is:

1) NM → N is opposite of M in the alphabetical series

2) BD → There is one letter C between B and D

3) IR → I is opposite of R in the alphabetical series

4) PK → P is opposite of K in the alphabetical series

Number Based Classification

In this section, A group of Digits/Numbers are given in a certain similarities between
them. You have to find out the similarities between them and choose the wrong/correct
alternatives from the given group.
The most common operation used are:
I. Addition/Subtraction/Multiplication with the constant numbers:
Example:
Choose the number pair which is different from others in the group:

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1) 8 : 16. 2) 12 : 20 3) 23 : 29 4) 42 : 50

Here, 8 + 8 = 16,
12 + 8 = 20,
23 + 6 = 29,
42 + 8 = 50,
Hence, 23 : 29 is the odd pair.

II. Even/Odd/Prime Numbers:

Choose the number which is different from others in the group:

1) 13 2) 17 3) 23 4) 27

Here, All the given numbers are prime numbers except option 4.
Hence, the correct answer is 27.

III. Square/Cube/Sum of the numbers:

Example:
Choose the number which is different from others in the group:

1) 12 : 144 2) 18 : 324 3) 8 : 64 4) 6 : 216

Here, 122 = 144,

182 = 324,
82 = 64,
63 = 216,
Hence, 6 : 216 is the odd here.

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Q. Three of the following four number-pairs are alike in a certain way and one is
different. Pick the odd pair out

1) 100, 25 2) 90, 18 3) 150, 30 4) 60, 12

A. : 1

Solution:
The pattern followed here is:
18 × 5 = 90
30 × 5 = 150
12 × 5 = 60
But
25 × 4 = 100.
Hence, ‘100, 25’ is the odd pair.

Q. Select the odd number pair from the given alternatives.

1) 666 2) 676 3) 558 4) 144

A. 2.

Solution:

1) 666 → 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 (1 + 8) → 9

2) 676 → 6 + 7 + 6 = 19 (1 + 9) → 1

3) 558 → 5 + 5 + 8 = 18 (1 + 8) → 9

4) 144 → 1 + 4 + 4 = 9

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Miscellaneous Classification
In this section, A group of both digits and numbers are given in a certain similarities
between them. You have to find out the similarities between them and choose the
wrong/correct alternatives from the given group.
The most common operation used are:
Addition/Subtraction/Multiplication with the constant letters:
Example:
In the question given below find the odd one form the given responses.

1) 78I 2) K12M 3) N15P 4) 56F

Considering positional values from the table

(1) 78I ⇒ 7 = G; 8 = H, GHI is in alphabetical order

(2) K12M ⇒ 12 = L, KLM is in alphabetical order

(3) N15P ⇒ 15 = O, NOP is in alphabetical order

(4) 56F ⇒ 5 = E; 6 = F, EFF is not in alphabetical order.

Hence, 56F is the odd one.

Q. In the question given below find the odd one form the given responses.

1) 45F 2) 20U22 3) 89J 4) 19V21

A. 4

Solution:
Considering positional values from the table

(1) 45F ⇒ 4 = D; 5 = E, DEF is in alphabetical order

(2) 20U22 ⇒ 20 = T; 22 = V, TUV is in alphabetical order

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(3) 89J ⇒ 8 = H; 9 = I, HIJ is in alphabetical order

(4) 19V21 ⇒ 19 = S; 21 = U, SVU is not in alphabetical order hence this is odd One

Hence, 19V21 is the odd one.

Q. In the question given below find the odd one form the given responses.

1) B2E3I 2) I3M4R 3) P4U5A 4) A5G8Q

A. 4

Solution:

(1) B2E3I ⇒ There are 2 letters between B and E, and there are 3 letters between E
and I.

(2) I3M4R ⇒ There are 3 letters between I and M, and there are 4 letters between M
and R.

(3) P4U5A ⇒ There are 4 letters between P and U, and there are 5 letters between U
and A.
(4) A5G8Q ⇒ There are 5 letters between A and G, and there are 9 letters between G
and Q.
Hence, A5G8Q is the odd one.

Image Based Classification

In this section, A group of images are given in a certain similarities between them. You
have to find out the similarities between them and choose the wrong/correct image
from the given group.

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Q. Find the odd one out:

A. Figure A, B and C are water image of 5, 3 and 6. Whereas, in figure D normal image
of number 7 is given.
Hence, option D is the correct answer.

Q. Find the odd one out:

A. All option except ‘B’ has one of the images shaded, while option B has no image
shaded.
Hence, option B is the correct answer.

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