SMART SOLAR POWER BANK WITH WIRELESS CHARGING

01. INTRODUCTION

Power banks are one of the needed to have product these days. But even power banks need
charging. For that one needs to get the power bank charged in a power plug. This is not always
possible when travelling so here we design a smart solar powered folding power bank. The
solar power bank integrates solar charging with efficient battery support and wireless charging
to provide a multi-functional unique power bank product. The device is able to self-charge
anywhere during day time so that he user never runs out of power. Wireless charging is an
emerging technology now a days. Wireless charging is also known as wireless power transfer;
here the power is transferred to load without interconnecting cords. In 2015 Samsung
introduced wireless charging into galaxy s6 mobiles. Wireless charging is also called as
inductive charging. Wireless charging mainly eliminates the cable required for charging. It
reduces the wear and tear of the hardware ports. The major liability or drawbacks of
communication lines comes because of the distortion of electrical lines or lack of generation of
electricity as like in remote areas or during disaster or natural calamities. To set back such
drawbacks, we need a renewable source of energy which can function round the clock without
any disruption. Solar power bank is one of its kind. It works on the power of the sun, converting
solar to electrical and helps in charging the cell phones which can be used in communication,
and thus, turns to be vital during disasters and power outage. Solar energy has advantages over
other renewable energy sources including wind and water power: solar power is generated
using solar panels, which do not require any major mechanical parts, such as wind turbines.
These mechanical parts can breakdown and cause maintenance issues and can also be quite
noisy. Both of these issues are virtually non-existent with solar panels. This project aims at
harvesting solar energy and storing it in a rechargeable battery. Using this battery various low-
voltage device can be charged. Also, the charge in the battery is displayed on an LCD through
a micro controller. The growing demand for portable and renewable energy solutions has led
to the development of solar power banks, an innovative device that integrates solar energy
harvesting with power storage capabilities. Adding wireless charging functionality to these
devices enhances convenience, making them indispensable for modern, on-the-go lifestyles. A
solar power bank with wireless charging allows users to charge devices wirelessly using solar
energy, eliminating the dependency on conventional power sources. This project combines
clean energy utilization with cutting-edge charging technologies to offer a sustainable and user-
friendly solution for mobile device charging.

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02. PROBLEM DEFINITION

The concept of portable power banks emerged as a response to the increasing reliance on
mobile electronic devices. Early models relied solely on traditional electrical outlets for
charging, limiting their utility in remote or outdoor environments. Solar power banks overcame
this limitation by incorporating photovoltaic (PV) cells to harness sunlight as a renewable
energy source. The addition of wireless charging technology, based on electromagnetic
induction principles, further streamlines the charging process by eliminating cables, enhancing
convenience, and reducing wear and tear. The integration of these two technologies is a result
of advancements in solar cell efficiency, energy storage solutions, and wireless charging
standards such as Qi. This combination provides an eco-friendly, efficient, and hassle-free
charging solution, particularly valuable for Travelers, hikers, and users in off-grid locations.
The development of solar power banks with wireless charging has been facilitated by several
technological advancements:
I. Photovoltaic(PV)Technology:
Modern solar panels, including monocrystalline and polycrystalline types, offer
higher energy conversion efficiencies, allowing compact solar power banks to
generate sufficient power even in low-light conditions.
II. Energy Storage:
Lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries are widely used for their high energy
density, durability, and ability to store energy efficiently. Advances in battery
management systems (BMS) ensure the safe and optimal performance of these
batteries.
III. Wireless Charging Standards:
Wireless charging is enabled by electromagnetic induction technology. Standards
like Qi have set the foundation for compatibility, efficiency, and safety in wireless
power transfer.
IV. Power Management Circuits:
Smart power management ICs regulate solar energy harvesting, energy storage, and
power output, ensuring seamless operation of both wired and wireless charging
modes.
V. Durability and Portability:
Modern materials make solar power banks lightweight, weather-resistant, and
durable, increasing their suitability for outdoor and rugged use.

2.1 Project Objective

The primary objective of this project is to design and develop a Solar Power Bank with Wireless
Charging that integrates renewable energy harvesting and cutting-edge charging technology.
Specific objectives include:
I. Sustainability: Harness solar energy to reduce dependence on conventional electricity,
contributing to environmental conservation.
II. Convenience: Incorporate wireless charging to eliminate the need for charging cables
and provide an effortless user experience.

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III. Efficiency: Optimize energy harvesting, storage, and delivery to ensure maximum
performance under various conditions.
IV. Portability: Design a compact and lightweight device suitable for everyday carry and
outdoor use.
V. Reliability and Safety: Ensure the device is equipped with overcharge protection,
short-circuit protection, and durable materials to guarantee long-term and safe
operation.
By achieving these objectives, this project aims to offer a practical and sustainable solution
for mobile device charging, demonstrating the feasibility of combining renewable energy and
modern wireless technology.

2.2Proposed Methodology

Figure 1. Block Diagram of System Design

1. Solar Panel:
Specification :-
• Material: Polycrystalline silicone.
• Dimensions: 135 × 65 × 3 mm.
• Surface Seal: Epoxy resin for durability and weather resistance.
• Output Voltage and Current: 5.5V, 245mA.
• Technology: Converts sunlight into DC electrical energy using photovoltaic cells.
• Designed for compact size and efficient energy harvesting.
• Sealed with epoxy resin for outdoor durability.
• Suitable for charging small-capacity lithium-ion batteries in portable devices.

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2. Wireless Charging Module:

Specification:-
• Output: 5V, 2A.
• Standard: Qi wireless charging.
• Circuit: PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly).
• Technology: Uses inductive coupling to transfer power wirelessly between the
transmitter coil (in the module) and the receiver coil (in the device).
• Qi standard ensures compatibility with most smartphones and wearable devices.
• PCBA integrates control circuits to regulate power transfer and enhance charging
efficiency.

3. Battery:
Specification:-
• Type: 18650 lithium-ion battery.
• Voltage: 3.7V.
• Capacity: 2600mAh per cell.
• Technology: High energy density ensures a lightweight and compact power bank.
• Supports a robust lifecycle with consistent performance.
• Requires a Battery Management System (BMS) for protection against overcharging,
over discharging, and thermal runaway.

4. Power Bank Module:

Specification:-
• Input Voltage: 3.7V (from the 18650 battery).
• Output Voltage: 5V.
• Minimum Output Current: 1A.
• Maximum Output Current: 2A.
• Technology: Converts the battery’s 3.7V output to 5V via a DC-DC boost converter.
• Integrates USB ports for wired charging and power transfer.
• Designed to balance output between multiple devices, including wireless and wired
charging.

5. Features:
• USB Ports: Enables wired charging for devices.
• Micro-USB or USB-C Input Port: Allows battery charging via external power sources.
• Indicator Lights (Optional): Displays battery status and charging mode (solar, wired,
or wireless).
• Optional Add-ons: Bluetooth module for remote monitoring (e.g., ESP32).

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03. NATURE OF PROJECT

The Smart Solar Power Bank with Wireless Charging is a product-based and multidisciplinary
project aimed at developing a usable and market-ready solution for portable power needs. The
project focuses on designing a functional product that can be used in real-world scenarios such
as travel, outdoor activities, and emergency situations. It combines renewable energy utilization
with modern charging technology to deliver a practical, user-friendly power solution.
This project is multidisciplinary as it integrates concepts from Information Technology,
Electronics, Embedded Systems, and Renewable Energy. IT concepts are applied through
embedded software development, data monitoring, and optional IoT connectivity for smart
status tracking. Electronics and energy systems handle solar power generation, battery
management, and wireless charging. By combining hardware and software into a single
intelligent system, the project demonstrates how multidisciplinary knowledge is used to build
a complete, real-world product.

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[Link] PRINCIPLE

The working principle of a solar power bank with wireless charging involves several steps.
Firstly, the solar panel on the power bank collects solar energy and converts it into electrical
energy. This electrical energy is then stored in the battery for later use. When a compatible
device is placed on the power bank for wireless charging, the wireless charging circuit is
activated. This circuit generates an electromagnetic field that induces an electrical current in
the device being charged. This electrical current is used to boost the device's battery power
until it is fully charged. The wireless charging process continues until the power bank's battery
dies or the device's battery is fully charged. This means that the solar power bank with wireless
charging functions by using a solar panel to collect sunlight and convert it into electrical energy,
which is stored in a battery for later use. When a compatible device is placed on the power
bank for wireless charging, energy is transferred from the power bank to the device's battery
using electromagnetic induction.
The solar power bank with wireless charging operates based on an integration of renewable
energy harvesting, energy storage, and modern wireless power transfer. Below is a detailed
explanation of its working principle:

I. Energy Harvesting from Solar Panel:

1. Functionality:
• The polycrystalline silicone solar panel converts sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity
through the photovoltaic effect.
2. Specifications:
• The solar panel generates an output voltage of 5.5V and a current of 245mA under standard
sunlight conditions.
3. Process:
• Sunlight strikes the photovoltaic cells on the solar panel.
• The energy from photons excites electrons, creating an electric current (DC).
• This DC output is directed to a charge controller circuit, which regulates the voltage and
current to protect the battery and maximize charging efficiency.

II. Energy Storage in Lithium-Ion Battery:

1. Battery Specifications:
• Type - 18650 lithium-ion battery.
• Voltage - 3.7V.

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• Capacity - 2600mAh per cell.

2. Functionality:

• The DC power from the solar panel is stored in the battery for later use.
• A Battery Management System (BMS) ensures safe charging by preventing
overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating.

3. Charging the Battery:

• The solar panel or an external wired input (via USB or Micro-USB) charges the
battery.
• The BMS monitors battery voltage and ensures optimal charging cycles to extend
battery life.
• Power Output for Charging Devices. III. Power Bank Module:
• The battery's 3.7V output is converted to 5V using a DC-DC boost converter
integrated within the power bank module.
• The module provides, Wired Charging - Through USB-A, delivering an output of 5V
at 1A 2A for devices like smartphones, tablets, or wearables.

III. Wireless Charging Process:

1. Technology Used:
• The wireless charging module uses inductive coupling, a method that transfers power
without physical connections.

2. How it Works:
• The wireless charging pad contains a transmitter coil connected to the PCBA (Qi
standard circuit board).
• When a Qi-compatible device is placed on the pad, the transmitter coil generates an
alternating magnetic field.
• A receiver coil in the device captures this magnetic field and converts it back into
electrical energy to charge the device's battery.
• The PCBA regulates the power transfer to prevent overheating and ensures
compatibility with the receiving device.

3. Efficiency:
• Output power for wireless charging is up to 5V 2A (10W), depending on the device's
charging requirements and alignment with the charging pad.

IV. Monitoring and Feedback:

1. LED Indicators:
• Display battery charge level, solar panel activity, and charging mode (wired or wireless).

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2. Optional Features:
• Bluetooth or Wi-Fi modules for monitoring battery status remotely.
• OLED/LCD displays for real-time voltage, current, and charging statistics.
3. Integrated Functionality:
• Charging from Solar Panel - In sunlight, the solar panel charges the battery, which then powers
connected devices.
4. Wired and Wireless Output:
• The power bank module distributes energy efficiently to USB ports or the wireless charging
pad based on the connected device.
5. Energy Conservation:
• During periods without sunlight, the power stored in the battery ensures uninterrupted
charging for connected devices.

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[Link] STUDY REPORT

5.1Hardware requirements :

Sr. No. Components

1 Power Bank Module (5V 1A/2A 18650)

2 Wireless Charging Module (5V 2A)

3 Solar Panel (5.5V 245mA)

4 Battery (2600mAh/cell)

5 Diode (A4007)

6 USB Ports

7 Indicator Lights

8 Jumper Wire

Table 1. Hardware {Components}Used

Figure 5.1.1 Diode(A4007) Figure 5.1.2 Wireless Charging Module

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Figure 5.1.3 Power Bank Module Figure 5.1.4 Solar Panel

Figure 5.1.5 Jumper Wire Figure 5.1.6 Battery

5.2 Application :

1. Outdoor Activities:
• Ideal for hiking, camping, and traveling, where access to power outlets is limited.
• Solar charging ensures continuous availability of power in remote locations.
• Examples: Charging GPS devices, smartphones, action cameras, and flashlights.

2. Emergency and Disaster Relief:

• Provides an essential power source during natural disasters, power outages, or
emergencies.
• Wireless charging is especially useful when cables are unavailable or damaged.
• Examples: Powering communication devices, medical equipment, or lighting in
disaster- struck areas.
3. Daily Device Charging:
• Acts as a portable power source for smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and earbuds.
• Wireless charging adds convenience for users in office or home settings.
• Examples: Charging devices while commuting or at work.

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4. Military and Field Operations:

• Compact and durable design makes it suitable for use in rugged environments.
• Solar panels provide an independent power source for field operations.
• Examples: Charging communication devices, drones, or navigation equipment in remote
areas.

5. Educational and Research Expeditions:

• Provides reliable power for electronic devices during field studies or outdoor research.
• Solar panels ensure a sustainable power supply over long durations.
• Examples: Charging laptops, cameras, or data collection tools in isolated locations.

6. Urban Use and Sustainable Living:

• Encourages the use of renewable energy in urban settings, reducing
reliance on grid electricity.
• Wireless charging is particularly useful for public or shared spaces.
• Examples: Charging devices at cafes, parks, or coworking spaces.

7. Healthcare Applications:
• Provides power for portable medical devices during emergencies or in
areas without electricity.
• Examples: Charging portable oxygen concentrators, diagnostic equipment,
or telemedicine devices.

5.3 Advantages :
1. Eco-Friendly and Renewable Energy:
• The power bank uses solar energy, a clean and renewable source of power, to charge
devices.
• Reduces dependency on traditional electricity, lowering the carbon footprint.
• Benefit: Promotes sustainable living and energy independence, especially in areas
with limited access to power grids.
2. Portability and Convenience:
• Compact and lightweight, it can be easily carried for outdoor activities or travel.
• Wireless charging eliminates the need for cables, making it more convenient for users.
• Benefit: Perfect for on-the-go lifestyles, reducing clutter from wires.

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3. Dual Charging Options:

• Equipped with both wired (USB) and wireless charging capabilities,
supporting multiple devices simultaneously.

• Wired output can provide faster charging for high-energy-demand devices.

• Versatile for charging a wide range of devices, including smartphones,

wearables, and tablets.

4. Emergency Power Backup:

• Stores energy in a lithium-ion battery, allowing device charging even during
power outages or at night.
• Solar panels act as an alternative power source in emergencies.
• Benefit: Reliable backup for critical situations, especially in remote areas or during
disasters.

5. Durability and Weather Resistance:

• Solar panels are coated with epoxy resin for protection against moisture and dust.
• High-quality casings (ABS plastic or aluminum) enhance durability.
• Benefit: Suitable for outdoor use, including hiking, camping, and traveling.

6. Cost-Effective in the Long Run:

• Initial investment is offset by savings on electricity costs.
• Reduces the need to purchase disposable batteries or rely on mains electricity.
• Benefit: Sustainable and economical for regular device charging.

7. Promotes Technological Adoption:

• Incorporates advanced wireless charging technology based on the Qi standard.
• Encourages the use of modern, efficient devices compatible with wireless charging.
• Benefit: Drives the adoption of innovative, eco-friendly technologies.

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5.4 Limitations :

1. Efficiency and Charging Speed:

• Low Efficiency in Low Light: Solar panels depend heavily on sunlight, which means that
on cloudy days or in areas with limited sunlight, the efficiency of solar charging drops
significantly.
• Slow Charging: Solar panels generally provide a lower power output compared to standard
electrical chargers. This can make charging the power bank via solar energy much slower,
especially when the power bank's battery is large.

2. Cost:
Solar power banks with wireless charging features tend to be more expensive than regular
power banks because of the additional technology (solar panels and wireless charging
circuits) and the materials involved.

3. Durability and Environmental Factors:

• Weather Sensitivity: Solar panels can be sensitive to environmental

factors such as temperature extremes, humidity, and dust, which can affect
performance.

• Wear and Tear: Prolonged exposure to sunlight, dust, and moisture may cause damage
to the solar panel or internal components, affecting both charging efficiency and overall
lifespan.

4. Limited Wireless Charging Distance:

Wireless charging typically requires a precise alignment between the power bank's charging
pad and the device. This can be inconvenient and may not work well if the devices are not
placed correctly.

5. Energy Storage and Capacity:

• Capacity Limitations: Solar power banks still require a sizable battery

to store the energy captured from the sun. Larger batteries take longer
to charge and may still not hold enough power for extended use,
limiting their practicality for long-term, high-energy needs.
• Dependency on Sunlight: Solar power is not available at night or
indoors, so it limits the usability of the solar charging feature. Users
must ensure that the power bank is charged during the day to rely onit
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[Link] TEAM & MEMBER’S ROLE IN PROJECT

WORK

Sr. No. MEMBER NAME ROLE IN PROJECT

01. HEMANT VISHWAKARMA TEAM LEAD

02. KAMAL KISHOR MISHRA PROJECT REPORT DESIGNING

03. LOKESH TRIPATHI RESEARCH & PPT DESIGNING

TABLE 02. Project Team & Member’s Role In Project Work

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[Link] DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE

{GANTT CHART}

TABLE 03. GANTT CHART

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08. DESIGN APPROACH FOR SOLUTION OF THE

PROBLEM

The proposed Smart Solar Power Bank with Wireless Charging is designed by integrating
renewable energy harvesting with intelligent software-based power management. Solar
energy is captured using photovoltaic panels and stored in a rechargeable battery through a
regulated charging circuit. A microcontroller acts as the central control unit, continuously
monitoring battery voltage, current, temperature, and charging efficiency. The system
intelligently switches between solar input and conventional USB charging based on
availability, ensuring uninterrupted power supply.
From an IT and IoT perspective, the system incorporates embedded firmware and optional
wireless connectivity (Bluetooth/Wi-Fi) to enable real-time monitoring and analytics. Users
can track battery health, charging status, and energy consumption through a mobile
application or dashboard. Wireless charging is implemented using Qi-standard inductive
technology, controlled via software logic for safety and efficiency. This design approach
delivers a smart, scalable, and eco-friendly charging solution that combines hardware
automation with software intelligence.

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09. REFERENCES

1. Solar: photovoltaic: Lighting Up the World retrieved 19 May 2009 Archived 13 August 2010
at the Way back
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3. "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2021". [Link] Retrieved 4 November 2022.
4. 3Solar Cells and their Applications Second Edition, Lewis Fraas, Larry Partain, Wiley, 2010,
ISBN 978-0470-44633.
5. [Link]
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7. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Atacama-1". National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
1 July 2015. Retrieved
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9. Rechargeable Li-Ion OEM Battery Products". [Link]. Archived from the original on
13 April 2010.
10. "Battery Pack Prices Fall to an Average of $132/kWh, But Rising Commodity Prices Start
to Bite". Bloomberg
11. New Energy Finance. 30 November 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
12. Panasonic. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
13. [Link]
14. [Link]
15. [Link]

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