ឈ្មោះ៖ ជៀម ស៊ាវម៉ី
ល.រ ២(អាហាររូបករណ៍)
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20.1. Describe the role of each component in figure 20.1
Light source: This is the source of light, typically a laser, that illuminates the sample.
Scanning monochromator: This device selects a specific wavelength of light from the
light source and directs it towards the sample.
Rotating mirror (Beam chopper): This mirror rotates and periodically blocks the light
beam, creating a modulated signal that can be detected more easily.
Sample: The material or substance being analyzed using Raman spectroscopy.
Semitransparent mirror: This mirror partially reflects and partially transmits the light,
allowing the Raman scattered light to be separated from the incident light.
Reference cuvet: This is a reference sample, often a known material, used to calibrate the
system.
Mirror: This mirror reflects the Raman scattered light towards the detector.
Detector: This component, such as a photodetector or spectrometer, measures the
intensity of the Raman scattered light.
Amplifier: This electronic component amplifies the signal from the detector, making it
easier to process and analyze.
Display: This is where the final Raman spectrum is displayed and analyzed by the user.
20.3. For 300-nm radiation, a deuterium (D2) lamp would be the appropriate choice. For 4-mm
wavelength radiation, a silicon carbide globar lamp would be the correct source.
20.7.
(a) Photomultiplier Tube (PMT):
A vacuum device that converts light into an electrical signal.
Photons hit the photocathode, releasing electrons that are amplified through dynodes.
Produces a measurable current proportional to the light intensity, sensitive enough to
detect single photons.
(b) Photodiode Array:
Consists of multiple photodiodes that generate electrical currents when exposed to light.
Each diode measures light intensity, allowing for spatial distribution detection.
Used in spectroscopy and imaging applications.
(c) Charge-Coupled Device (CCD):
A semiconductor chip with a grid of light-sensitive pixels.
Light generates electron-hole pairs, storing charges in potential wells.
Charges are shifted and read out as an electrical signal to reconstruct images, commonly
used in cameras.
(d) Image Intensified Charge-Coupled Device (ICCD):
Combines a CCD with an image intensifier tube for enhanced sensitivity.
Light generates photoelectrons, amplified by a microchannel plate, creating a visible
image on a phosphor screen.
Used in low-light applications like night vision and astronomy.