31/03/2018

University of Engineering & Technology

Peshawar, Pakistan

CE301: Structure Analysis II

Module 03:
Analysis of S.I Frames Using Flexibility method

By:
Prof. Dr. Bashir Alam
Civil Engineering Department
UET , Peshawar

Topics to be Covered
• Introduction
• Prerequisites for using flexibility method for Frames
• Revision of Unit Load Method
• Flexibility method procedure for frame analysis
• Analysis of frame Example 1
• Example 2
• Example 3
• Assignment

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

 Introduction:
Frames are analyzed with flexibility method due to
• To solve the problem in matrix notation, which is more systematic
• To compute reactions at all the supports.
• To compute internal resisting axial, shear & bending moment at any section
of the indeterminate Frame.

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

The force method of analysis can readily be employed to analyze
the indeterminate frames. The basic steps in the analysis of
indeterminate frame by force method are the same as that discussed
in the analysis of indeterminate beams in the previous lessons.
Under the action of external loads, the frames undergo axial and
bending deformations. Since the axial rigidity of the members is
much higher than the bending rigidity, the axial deformations are
much smaller than the bending deformations and are normally not
considered in the analysis. The compatibility equations for the
frame are written with respect to bending deformations only.

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

 Prerequisites for Analysis with Flexibility method:

It is necessary that students must have strong background of
the following concepts before starting analysis with flexibility
or any other matrix method.
• Enough concept of Matrix Algebra
• Must be able to find the Statical Indeterminacy
• Concept of Deflection methods (Unit load method for displacement)

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

 Unit Load Method for Displacement

• This Method is based on the principle of virtual work.

• Best suitable to find the slope & deflection of primary structure
when subjected to applied loads .
• Displacement due to external loads at any point i is given by

Δ =

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Displacement at any point i due to a unit load at j is given by

(also called flexibility coefficient )

• Where M are the equations of bending moment in primary

structure subjected to external loads & m are the equations of
BM subjected to unit loads.

δ =

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

 Analysis Procedure
The following steps should be followed to analyze a statical
indeterminate frame using flexibility method.
Start with finding the degree of statical indeterminacy S.I .

• Step # 01: Identify the redundants and obtain BDS also compute
[DRS] values.
Assume # of redundants = 2
No. of redundants = D.S.I Just to understand the procedure

Note: for choosing the redundant actions there may be more than one possible
options but choose that one as redundant which makes the calculation handy.
DRS is initial support rotation or settlement corresponding to redundant locations

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 02: Analyze the BDS (primary structure) under the
following loading conditions
i. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the external loads and
write the equations of bending moment M for different segments.
ii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 1 & write the equations of BM m1 for different segments.
iii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 2 & write the equations of BM m2 for different segments.
iv. And so on if redundants are more than 2.

Note: To write an equation take a section in each segment of loading

& then write BM equation with proper sign convention.

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 03: Develop Bending moment equation table . BM
equations table will be consist of following things which will
make the calculation work easy.

Segments means different members of frame like

Segments
AB BC

Origin A or B any one can be the origin B or C any one can be the origin

Limits (length of segment) 0 to x feet 0 to y feet

I ( Moment of inertia) Value of I for segment AB Value of I for segment BC
Equation of M for segment
M AB
Equation of M for segment BC

m1 Equation of m1 for segment AB Equation of m1 for segment BC

m2 Equation of m2 for segment AB Equation of m2 for segment BC

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 04: Find BDS Displacements due to external loads
or Compute the values of DRL

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 05: Find BDS Displacements due to unit loads
or Compute the values of flexibility coefficients
& flexibility matrix.

1 1 2 2
11 = 22 =

1 2
12 = 21 =

11 12 Note: f12 = f21

=
21 22

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Step # 06: Apply compatibility and principle of superposition at
the location of the removed redundants and solve the
matrices to compute the values of redundant actions
AR. As we know

From this
= + •

= 1 • −

1 11 12 1− 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Step # 07: Compute the member end actions & draw shear force
and bending moment diagrams.

= +

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Problem 01: Analyze the given frame using flexibility method.

B 2k/ft C
5k
2I

I I 15ft

A D

30ft
S.I = 2 degree
So two redundant actions should be chosen.
Choose those as redundant which makes the calculation handy.

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 01: Identify the redundants and obtain BDS also compute
[DRS] values.
2k/ft
5k B C
2I 30ft
1 ?
= =
2 ?
15ft I I
1 0
= =
2 0

A D AR2

AR1

Vertical & horizontal reaction at D are chosen as redundant actions

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

B C
2I

15ft I I

A D

30ft

Basic determinate structure (BDS) or Primary structure or Released structure

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 02: Analyze the BDS (primary structure) under the
following loading conditions
i. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the external loads and
write the equations of bending moment M for different segments.
ii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 1 & write the equations of BM m1 for different segments.
iii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 2 & write the equations of BM m2 for different segments.

Note: To write an equation take a section in each segment of loading

& then write BM equation with proper sign convention.

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

i. BDS acted upon by the external loads

900k-ft 2k/ft
60k 0k
B 30ft C 0
900k-ft 0
60k x
B C
5k
=− 2

15ft = −975 + 5
=0

x x
5k A D
975k-ft 0

60k Values

Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

i. BDS acted upon by unit load at redundant location 1.

30k-ft
1k 0k 0
B C 1k
30ft
30k-ft
1k x 1k 0
0k B C
( 1) =

15ft ( 1) = 30
( 1) =0

x x
0k A D
0
30k-ft
1k
1k m1 Values

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Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

i. BDS acted upon by unit load at redundant location 2.

15k-ft 15k-ft
0k 1k 0
1k
15k-ft B 30ft C 15k-ft
1k 0k x 0k 1k
B C
( 2) = 15

15ft ( 2) =
( 2) =
x x
1k A 1k
D
0 0
m2 Values

Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

• Step # 03: Develop Bending moment equation table.

Segment AB BC CD
Origin A C D
Limits 0 to 15 ft 0 to 30 ft 0 to 15ft
Moment of inertia , I I 2I I
M values 5x - 975 -x2 0
m1 values 30 x 0
m2 values x 15 x

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Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

• Step # 04: Find BDS Displacements due to external loads
or Compute the values of DRL matrix.

1 (− 2)( )
1 = 5 − 975 30 + +0
2
−523125
1 =

Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

=

1 (− 2)(15)
2 = 5 − 975 + +0
2
−171562.5
2 =

−523125 −171562.5
1 = 2 =

1 −523125
= =
2 −171562.5

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 05: Find BDS Displacements due to unit loads
or Compute the values of flexibility coefficients
& flexibility matrix.

1 1
11 =

1 ( )( )
11 = 30 30 + +0
2

18000
11 =

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

2 2
22 =

1 (15)( )
12 = 21 = 30 + +0
2
6750
12 = 21 =

1 2
12 = 21 =

1 (15)(15)
22 = + +
2
5625
22 =

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

18000 5625
11 = 22 =

6750
12 = 21 =

11 12
=
21 22

18000 6750
=
6750 5625

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Step # 06: Apply compatibility and principle of superposition at
the locations of the removed redundants and solve the
matrices to compute the values of redundant actions
AR. As we know

From this
= + •

= 1 • −

1 11 12 1− 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

1 11 12 1− 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

1 18000 6750 0 − (−523125) 1

= ×
2 6750 5625 0 − (−171562.5)

1 32.05 -ive sign shows that our assumed

= redundant action direction is wrong
2 −7.95

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

2k/ft
5k B C
2I 30ft

15ft I I

A 7.95k
D

32.05k

Final determinate structure

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Using Equilibrium equations one can compute the remaining
support reactions.
=0
2k/ft
5k B C + 5 = 7.95
2I 30ft = 2.95

=0
15ft I I + 32.05 = 60
= 27.95
Now

HA=2.95k A 7.95k = 32.05 ∗ 30 − 60 ∗ 15

D
−5 ∗ 15
MA=13.5ʹk
32.05k = 13.5′
VA=27.95k

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Step # 07: Compute the member end actions & draw SFD & BMD As
we know that
= +
AM4

AM6
Member AB: AM5
B Sign convention:
• Horizontal force in +ive X
1 ? direction will be taken as
? positive.
2 • Upward vertical force will
3 ? 15ft
be taken as positive.
=
4 ? • Clockwise moment will be
? taken as positive.
5
6 ? AM2 A
AM3

AM1

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

a) Compute AML values.
AML4 60k
AML6 900k-ft
AML5 5k
B B

1 60
2 −5
15ft 15ft 3 −975
=
4 −60
5 5
6 900
AML2 A 5k A
AML3 975k-ft

AML1 60k

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 1.

AMR41 1k
AMR61 30k-ft 11 12
AMR51
0k 21 22
B B
= 31 32
41 42
51 52
15ft 15ft 61 62

−1 ?
0 ?
AMR21 0k A 30 ?
=
AMR31 30k-ft 1 ?
0 ?
AMR11 1k
−30 ?

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 2.

AMR42 0k
11 12
AMR62 15k-ft
AMR52 21 22
1k
B B 31 32
=
41 42
51 52
15ft 15ft 61 62

−1 0
0 −1
AMR22 A 1k A 30 0
=
AMR32 1 0
0 0 1
AMR12 −30 −15

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

11 12 −1 0
21 22 0 −1
31 32 30 0
6∗2 = =
41 42 1 0
51 52 0 1
61 62 −30 −15
Now member end actions will be computed as given below

1 1 11 12
2 2 21 22
3 = 3 + 31 32 1
4 4 41 42 2
5 5 51 52
6 6 61 62

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

So member end actions will be

1 60 −1 0 27.95
2 −5 0 −1 2.95
3 −975 30 0 32.05 −13.5
= + =
4 −60 1 0 −7.95 −27.95
5 5 0 1 −2.95
6 900 −30 −15 57.75

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

So member end actions, Shear force & Bending moment diagrams of member AB

AM4 27.95k
AM6 57.75k-ft
AM5 2.95k 0 2.95 0 57.75
B B

15ft

AM2 A 2.95k A
AM3 13.5k-ft 0 2.95 0 13.5

AM1 27.95k SFD BMD

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Member BC: member end actions for member BC are specified below

AM3 AM6
AM2 AM5
B C
AM1 AM4

1 ?
2 ?
3 ?
=
4 ?
5 ?
6 ?

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

a) Compute AML values.

AML3 AML6
AML2 AML5 60
B C 1
AML1 2 0
AML4
3 −900
=
900k-ft 4 0
2k/ft
0k 5 0
B 30ft C 0 6 0
60k

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 1.

AMR31 AMR61
11 12
AMR21 B C AMR51 21 22

= 31 32
AMR11 AMR41
41 42
51 52

30k-ft 61 62
0k 0
B C −1 ?
0 ?
1k 1k
30 ?
=
1 ?
0 ?
0 ?

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 2.

AMR32 AMR62
11 12
AMR22 B C AMR52 21 22

= 31 32
AMR12 AMR42
41 42
51 52
61 62
15k-ft 15k-ft
−1 0
1k B 30ft C 1k
0 −1
0k 0k 30 15
=
1 0
0 1
0 −15

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

11 12 −1 0
21 22 0 −1
31 32 30 15
6∗2 = =
41 42 1 0
51 52 0 1
61 62 0 −15
So member end actions will be

1 60 −1 0 27.95
2 0 0 −1 7.59
3 −900 30 15 32.05 −57.75
= + =
4 0 1 0 −7.95 32.05
5 0 0 1 −7.95
6 0 0 −15 119.25

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

So member end actions of member BC

AM3 AM6
AM2 AM5
B C
AM1 AM4

57k-ft 119.25k-ft
7.59k 7.95k
B C
27.95k 32.05

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Member BC: 119.25k-ft
57k-ft
2k/ft
7.59k 7.95k
B 30ft C
27.95k 32.05k

27.95 32.05
= 16.02′
2

0 SFD

137.62 32.05

0 BMD

-57.75
-119.25

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Member CD: member end actions for member CD are specified below

AM4

AM6
AM5
C
1 ?
2 ?
3 ?
15ft =
4 ?
5 ?
6 ?
AM2 D
AM3

AM1

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

a) Compute AML values.
AML4

AML6
0
AML5 C
C
1 0
2 0
3 0
15ft =
4 0
5 0
6 0
AML2 D D
AML3
0
AML1

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 1.

AMR41
1k
AMR61 11 12
AMR51 0
C 21 22
C
= 31 32
41 42
51 52
15ft 61 62

1 ?
AMR21
0 ?
D D 0 ?
0 =
AMR31 −1 ?
AMR11 1k 0 ?
0 ?

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 2.

AMR42 0
11 12
AMR62 15k-ft
AMR52 21 22
C C 1k
= 31 32
41 42
51 52
15ft 61 62

1 0
0 1
AMR22 D 1k 0 0
D =
AMR32 −1 0
0
0 −1
AMR12
0 15

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

11 12 1 0
21 22 0 1
31 32 0 0
6∗2 = =
41 42 −1 0
51 52 0 −1
61 62 0 15
So member end actions will be

1 0 1 0 32.05
2 0 0 1 −7.95
3 0 0 0 32.05 0
= + =
4 0 −1 0 −7.95 −32.05
5 0 0 −1 7.95
6 0 0 15 −119.25

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

So member end actions, Shear force & bending moment diagrams of member CD

AM4 32.05k
AM6 119.25k-ft
AM5 7.95k -7.95 0 -119.25 0
C C

15ft 15ft

AM2 D 7.95k D
AM3 0k-ft -7.95 0 0

AM1 SFD BMD

32.05k

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Combined shear force & bending moment diagrams:

BMD
SFD

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Problem 02: Analyze the given frame using flexibility method
such that support D translate to right by 0.5in and
also settle down by 0.75in.

B 2k/ft C
5k
2I
S.I = 2 degree

I I 15ft
Take E = 30000ksi
I = 600 in4
EI = 125000 k-ft2

A D
0.75in

30ft
0.5in

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 01: Identify the redundants and obtain BDS also compute
[DRS] values.
2k/ft
5k B C
2I 30ft
Vertical & horizontal
reaction at D are 1 ?
= =
chosen as redundant 15ft I I 2 ?
actions

A D AR2

AR1
1 −0.75ʺ −0.0625
= = =
2 0.5ʺ 0.0416

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 02: Analyze the BDS (primary structure) under the
following loading conditions
i. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the external loads and
write the equations of bending moment M for different segments.
ii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 1 & write the equations of BM m1 for different segments.
iii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 2 & write the equations of BM m2 for different segments.

Note: To write an equation take a section in each segment of loading

& then write BM equation with proper sign convention.

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

i. BDS acted upon by the external loads

900k-ft 2k/ft
60k 0k
B 30ft C 0
900k-ft 0
60k x
B C
5k
=− 2

15ft = −975 + 5
=0

x x
5k A D
975k-ft 0

60k Values

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Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

i. BDS acted upon by unit load at redundant location 1.

30k-ft
1k 0k 0
B C 1k
30ft
30k-ft
1k x 1k 0
0k B C
( 1) =

15ft ( 1) = 30
( 1) =0

x x
0k A D
0
30k-ft
1k
1k m1 Values

Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

i. BDS acted upon by unit load at redundant location 2.

15k-ft 15k-ft
0k 1k 0
1k
15k-ft B 30ft C 15k-ft
1k 0k x 0k 1k
B C
( 2) = 15

15ft ( 2) =
( 2) =
x x
1k A 1k
D
0 0
m2 Values

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Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

• Step # 03: Develop Bending moment equation table.

Segment AB BC CD
Origin A B C
Limits 0 to 15 ft 0 to 30 ft 0 to 15ft
Moment of inertia , I I 2I I
M values -975 + 5x -x2 0
m1 values 30 x 0
m2 values x 15 x

Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

• Step # 04: Find BDS Displacements due to external loads
or Compute the values of DRL matrix.

1 (− 2)( )
1 = 5 − 975 30 + +0
2
−523125
1 =

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Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

=

1 (− 2)(15)
2 = 5 − 975 + +0
2
−171562.5
2 =

1 −523125 −523125
= = =
2 −171562.5 −171562.5

1 −4.185
= =
2 −1.372

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 05: Find BDS Displacements due to unit loads
or Compute the values of flexibility coefficients
& flexibility matrix.

1 1
11 =

1 ( )( )
11 = 30 30 + +0
2

18000
11 =

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

2 2
22 =

1 (15)( )
12 = 21 = 30 + +0
2
6750
12 = 21 =

1 2
12 = 21 =

1 (15)(15)
22 = + +
2
5625
22 =

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

11 12
=
21 22

18000 6750
=
6750 5625

1 18000 6750
=
125000 6750 5625

0.144 0.054
=
0.054 0.045

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Step # 06: Apply compatibility and principle of superposition at
the location of the removed redundants and solve the
matrices to compute the values of redundant actions
AR. As we know

From this
= + •

= 1 • −

1 11 12 1 − 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

1 11 12 1− 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

1 0.144 0.054 −0.0625 − (−4.185)

=
2 0.054 0.045 0.04167 − (−1.3725)

1 30.62 -ive sign shows that our assumed

=
2 −5.32 redundant action direction is wrong

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

2k/ft
5k B C
2I 30ft

15ft I I

A 5.32k
D

30.62k

Final determinate structure

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Step # 07: Compute the member end actions also draw the SFD &
BMD As we know that
= +
AM4
Member AB: AM6
AM5
B 1 ?
2 ?
3 ?
=
15ft 4 ?
5 ?
6 ?

AM2 A
AM3

AM1

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

a) Compute AML values.
AML4 60k

AML6 900k-ft
AML5 5k
B B
1 60
2 −5
15ft 15ft 3 −975
=
4 −60
5 5
6 900
A 5k A
AML2 AML3 975k-ft

AML1 60k

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 1.

AMR41 1k
AMR61 30k-ft 11 12
AMR51
0k 21 22
B B
= 31 32
41 42
51 52
15ft 15ft 61 62

−1 ?
0 ?
AMR21 0k A 30 ?
=
AMR31 30k-ft 1 ?
0 ?
AMR11 1k
−30 ?

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 2.

AMR42 0k
11 12
AMR62 15k-ft
AMR52 21 22
1k
B B 31 32
=
41 42
51 52
15ft 15ft 61 62

−1 0
0 −1
AMR22 A 1k A 30 0
=
AMR32 1 0
0 0 1
AMR12 −30 −15

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

11 12 −1 0
21 22 0 −1
31 32 30 0
6∗2 = =
41 42 1 0
51 52 0 1
61 62 −30 −15

1 60 −1 0 29.38
2 −5 0 −1 0.32
3 −975 30 0 30.62 −56.4
= + =
4 −60 1 0 −5.32 −29.38
5 5 0 1 −0.32
6 900 −30 −15 61.20

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

So member end actions, Shear force & Bending moment diagrams of member AB

AM4 29.38k
AM6 61.20k-ft
AM5 0.32k 0 0.32 0 61.20
B B

15ft 15ft

AM2 A 0.32k A
AM3 56.4k-ft 0 0.32 0 56.4

AM1 29.38k SFD BMD

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Member BC: member end actions for member BC are specified below

AM3 AM6
AM2 AM5
B C
AM1 AM4

1 ?
2 ?
3 ?
=
4 ?
5 ?
6 ?

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

a) Compute AML values.

AML3 AML6
AML2 AML5 60
B C 1
AML1 2 0
AML4
3 −900
=
900k-ft 4 0
2k/ft
0k 5 0
B 30ft C 0 6 0
60k

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 1.

AMR31 AMR61
11 12
AMR21 B C AMR51 21 22

= 31 32
AMR11 AMR41
41 42
51 52

30k-ft 61 62
0k 0
B C −1 ?
0 ?
1k 1k
30 ?
=
1 ?
0 ?
0 ?

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 2.

AMR32 AMR62
11 12
AMR22 B C AMR52 21 22

= 31 32
AMR12 AMR42
41 42
51 52
61 62
15k-ft 15k-ft
−1 0
1k B 30ft C 1k
0 −1
0k 0k 30 15
=
1 0
0 1
0 −15

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

11 12 −1 0
21 22 0 −1
31 32 30 15
6∗2 = =
41 42 1 0
51 52 0 1
61 62 0 −15
So member end actions will be

1 60 −1 0 29.38
2 0 0 −1 5.32
3 −900 30 15 30.62 −61.20
= + =
4 0 1 0 −5.32 30.62
5 0 0 1 −5.32
6 0 0 −15 79.8

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

So member end actions of member BC

AM3 AM6
AM2 AM5
B C
AM1 AM4

61.20k-ft 79.8k-ft
5.32k 5.32k
B C
29.38k 30.62

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Member BC: 79.80k-ft
61.20k-ft
2k/ft
5.32k 5.32k
B 30ft C
29.38k 30.62k

29.38 30.62
= 15.31′
2

0 SFD

154.59 30.62

0 BMD

-61.20
-79.80

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Member CD: member end actions for member CD are specified below

AM4

AM6
AM5
C
1 ?
2 ?
3 ?
15ft =
4 ?
5 ?
6 ?
AM2 D
AM3

AM1

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

a) Compute AML values.
AML4

AML6
0
AML5 C
C
1 0
2 0
3 0
15ft =
4 0
5 0
6 0
AML2 D D
AML3
0
AML1

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 1.

AMR41
1k
AMR61 11 12
AMR51 0
C 21 22
C
= 31 32
41 42
51 52
15ft 61 62

1 ?
AMR21
0 ?
D D 0 ?
0 =
AMR31 −1 ?
AMR11 1k 0 ?
0 ?

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 2.

AMR42 0
11 12
AMR62 15k-ft
AMR52 21 22
C C 1k
= 31 32
41 42
51 52
15ft 61 62

1 0
0 1
AMR22 D 1k 0 0
D =
AMR32 −1 0
0
0 −1
AMR12
0 15

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

11 12 1 0
21 22 0 1
31 32 0 0
6∗2 = =
41 42 −1 0
51 52 0 −1
61 62 0 15
So member end actions will be

1 0 1 0 30.62
2 0 0 1 −5.32
3 0 0 0 30.62 0
= + =
4 0 −1 0 −5.32 −30.62
5 0 0 −1 5.32
6 0 0 15 −79.8

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

So member end actions, Shear force & bending moment diagrams of member CD

AM4 30.62k
AM6 79.8k-ft
AM5 5.32k -5.32 0 -79.8 0
C C

15ft 15ft

AM2 D 5.32k D
AM3 0k-ft -5.32 0 0
SFD BMD
AM1 30.62k

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Combined shear force & bending moment diagrams:

BMD
SFD

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Problem 03: Analyze the given frame using flexibility method.
10k

5k B C
2I

Take EI = constant
I 8ft

16ft
S.I = 2 degree
So two redundant actions should be chosen.

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 01: Identify the redundants and obtain BDS also compute
[DRS] values.

B C
AR2
2I

Vertical & horizontal reaction AR1

at C are chosen as redundant I
actions

1 ?
= =
A 2 ?

1 0
= =
2 0

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

B C
2I

Basic determinate structure (BDS) or Primary structure or Released structure

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 02: Analyze the BDS (primary structure) under the
following loading conditions
i. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the external loads and
write the equations of bending moment M for different segments.
ii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 1 & write the equations of BM m1 for different segments.
iii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 2 & write the equations of BM m2 for different segments.

Note: To write an equation take a section in each segment of loading

& then write BM equation with proper sign convention.

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

i. BDS acted upon by the external loads

10k
0 0 B 16ft C 0
5k B x

=0

8ft = −40 + 5

x
A
5k
40k-ft
Values
10k

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Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

i. BDS acted upon by unit load at redundant location 1.

16k-ft
1k
0 0
16k-ft B 16ft C
0 B 1k x 1k

1 =−

8ft = −16
1

x
0 A
16k-ft

1k m1 Values

Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

i. BDS acted upon by unit load at redundant location 2.

0 0

0 1k 1k
B 16ft C
1k 0
B 0 x
( 2) =0

8ft =8−
2

x
A
1k
8k-ft
0 m2 Values

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Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

• Step # 03: Develop Bending moment equation table.

Segment AB BC
Origin A B
Limits 0 to 8 ft 0 to 16 ft
Moment of inertia , I I 2I
M values -40 + 5x 0
m1 values -16 -x
m2 values 8-x 0

Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

• Step # 04: Find BDS Displacements due to external loads
or Compute the values of DRL matrix.

1
1 = 5 − 40 −16 +0

2560
1 =

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Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis

=

1
2 = 5 − 40 8 − +0

−853.33
2 =

2560 −853.33
1 = 2 =

1 2560
= =
2 −853.33

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

• Step # 05: Find BDS Displacements due to unit loads
or Compute the values of flexibility coefficients
& flexibility matrix.

1 1
11 =

1 (− )(− )
11 = −16 −16 +
2

2730.67
11 =

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

2 2
22 =

1
12 = 21 = −16 8 − +0

−512
12 = 21 =

1 2
12 = 21 =

1
22 = 8− 8− +0

170.67
22 =

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

2730.67 170.67
11 = 22 =

−512
12 = 21 =

11 12
=
21 22

2730.67 −512
=
−512 170.67

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Step # 06: Apply compatibility and principle of superposition at
the location of the removed redundants and solve the
matrices to compute the values of redundant actions
AR. As we know

= + •
From this
= 1 • −

1 11 12 1− 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

1 11 12 1− 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

1 2730.67 −512 0 − (2560) 1

= ×
2 −512 170.67 0 − (−853.33)

1 0
=
2 5

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

10k

5k B 16ft C
5k
2I
0

8ft I

Final determinate structure

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Step # 07: Compute the member end actions. Also Draw shear force
and bending moment diagrams As we know that
= +
AM4

Member AB: AM6

AM5
B ?
1
2 ?
3 ?
=
8ft 4 ?
5 ?
6 ?
AM2 A
AM3

AM1

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

a) Compute AML values.
AML4 10k
AML6 0
AML5 5k
B B 10
1
2 −5
3 −40
=
8ft 8ft 4 −10
5 5
6 0

AML2 A A
AML3 5k
40k-ft
AML1
10k

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 1.

AMR41 1k 11 12
AMR61 16k-ft 21 22
AMR51
B 0 B = 31 32
41 42
51 52
61 62
8ft 8ft
1 ?
0 ?
−16 ?
A =
AMR21 0 −1 ?
AMR31 16k-ft 0 ?
AMR11 16 ?
1k

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 2.

AMR42
11 12
AMR62 0 21 22
AMR52 1k 31 32
B B =
41 42
51 52
61 62
8ft 8ft
1 0
0 1
−16 8
AMR22 A A =
1k −1 0
AMR32 8k-ft 0 −1
AMR12 0 16 0

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

11 12 1 0
21 22 0 1
31 32 −16 8
6∗2 = =
41 42 −1 0
51 52 0 −1
61 62 16 0

So member end actions will be

1 10 1 0 10
2 −5 0 1 0
3 −40 −16 8 0 0
= + =
4 −10 −1 0 5 −10
5 5 0 −1 0
6 0 16 0 0

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

So member end actions, Shear force & bending moment diagrams of member AB

AM4 10k

AM6 0
AM5 0 0
B 0 B

8ft 15ft

AM2 A A
0
AM3 0 0 0
SFD BMD
AM1 10k

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Member BC: member end actions for member BC are specified below

AM3 AM6
AM2 AM5
B C
AM1 AM4

1 ?
2 ?
3 ?
=
4 ?
5 ?
6 ?

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

a) Compute AML values.

AML3 AML6
AML2 AML5 0
B C 1
AML1 2 0
AML4
3 0
=
4 0
5 0
0 B 16ft C 6 0
0

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 1.

AMR31 AMR61
AMR21 AMR51 11 12
B C
21 22
AMR11 AMR41
= 31 32
41 42
16k-ft 51 52
0 0 61 62
B 16ft C
1k 1 ?
1k
0 ?
−16 ?
=
−1 ?
0 ?
0 ?

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 2.

AMR32 AMR62
AMR22 AMR52 11 12
B C 21 22
AMR12 AMR42 31 32
=
41 42

0 51 52
0
61 62
1k 1k
B 16ft C
1 0
0
0 0 1
−16 0
=
−1 0
0 −1
0 0

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

11 12 1 0
21 22 0 1
31 32 −16 0
6∗2 = =
41 42 −1 0
51 52 0 −1
61 62 0 0
So member end actions will be

1 0 1 0 0
2 0 0 1 5
3 0 −16 0 0 0
= + =
4 0 −1 0 5 0
5 0 0 −1 −5
6 0 0 0 0

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

So member end actions of member BC

AM3 AM6
AM2 AM5
B C
AM1 AM4

0 0
5k 5k
B C
0 0

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Shear force & bending moment diagrams of member BC
0 0
5k 5k
B C
0 0

0 SFD

0 BMD

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

10k

5k B 16ft C
5k
2I
0

8ft I

A
0
0
10k

Complete analyzed structure

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Combined shear force & bending moment diagram:

SFD BMD

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Assignment 02: Analyze the given frames using flexibility method
Note:
• Section B have to solve problem 4 & 5.
• Section C have to solve problem 6 & 7.

1.5k/ft
Problem 04: B C
I.H 2I

I I 16ft

A D

20ft 20ft

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Problem 05:
5 K/ft

10 ft

10 ft 20 ft

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Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Problem 06:

6k

12’
15’

15’ 16’

Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis

Problem 07:
5 KN
10 m
5 KN/m
10 KN

10m
15m

5m 20 m 4m

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References

• Structural Analysis by R. C. Hibbeler

• Matrix structural analysis by William Mc Guire

• Matrix analysis of frame structures by William Weaver

• Online Civil Engineering blogs

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