Experiment 3
Implementation of Client-Server communication using Socket
Programming andTCP as transport layer protocol
Aim: Client sends a string to the server using tcp protocol. The server reverses the
string and returnsit to the client, which then displays the reversed string.
Description:
Steps for creating a TCP connection by a client are:
Algorithm
1. Creation of client socket
int socket(int domain, int type, int
protocol);
This function call creates a socket and returns a socket descriptor. The domain
parameter specifies a communication domain; this selects the protocol family which
will be used for communication. These families are defined in <sys/socket.h>. In this
program, the domain AF_INET is used. The socket has the indicated type, which
specifies the communication semantics. SOCK_STREAM type provides sequenced,
reliable, two-way, connection based byte streams. The protocol field specifies the
protocol used. We always use 0. If the system call is a failure, a -1 is returned. The
header files used are sys/types.h and sys/socket.h.
The header file that is to be used is
netinet/in.h
Example
struct sockaddr_in
servaddr;
servaddr.sin_family =
AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port =
htons(port_number);
Why htons is used ?. Numbers on different machines may be represented differently (
big-endian machines and little-endian machines). In a little-endian machine the low
order byte of an integer appears at the lower address; in a big-endian machine instead
the low order byte appears at the higher address. Network order, the order in which
numbers are sent on the internet is big-endian. It is necessary to ensure that the right
representation is used on each machine. Functions are used to convertfrom host to
network form before transmission- htons for short integers and htonl for long integers.
The value for servaddr.sin_addr is assigned using the following function
inet_pton(AF_INET, “IP_Address”, &servaddr.sin_addr);
The binary value of the dotted decimal IP address is stored in the field when the function
returns.
2. Binding of the client socket to a local port
This is optional in the case of client and we usually do not use the bind function on the
client side.
3. Connection of client to the server
A server is identified by an IP address and a port number. The connection
operation is used on theclient side to identify and start the connection to the
server.
int connect(int sd, struct sockaddr * addr, int addrlen);
sd – file descriptor of local socket
addr – pointer to protocol
address of other socketaddrlen
– length in bytes of address
structure
The header files to be used are
sys/types.h and sys/[Link] returns 0
on sucess and -1 in case of failure.
closing the connection
The connection can be closed using the close system call
int close( int sd);
Steps for TCP Connection for server
1. Creating a listening socket
int socket( int domain, int type, int protocol);
This system call creates a socket and returns a socket descriptor. The domain field used
is AF_INET. The socket type is SOCK_STREAM. The protocol field is 0. If the
system call is a failure, a -1 is returned. Header files used are sys/types.h and
sys/socket.h.
2. Binding to a local port
int bind(int sd, struct sockaddr * addr, int addrlen);
This call is used to specify for a socket the protocol port number where it will wait for
messages. A call to bind is optional on the client side, but required on the server side.
The first field is the socket descriptor of local socket. Second is a pointer to protocol
address structure of this socket. The third is the length in bytes of the structure
referenced by addr. This system call returns an integer. It is 0 for success and -1
for failure. The header files are sys/types.h and sys/socket.h.
3. Listening on the port
The listen function is used on the server in the connection oriented communication to
prepare a socketto accept messages from clients.
int listen(int fd, int qlen);
fd – file descriptor of a socket that has already been bound
qlen – specifies the maximum number of messages that can wait to be processed by
the server whilethe server is busy servicing another request. Usually it is taken as 5.
The header files used are sys/types.h and sys/socket.h. This function returns 0 on
success and -1 on failure.
4. Accepting a connection from the client
The accept function is used on the server in the case of connection oriented
communication to accept aconnection request from a client.
int accept( int fd, struct sockaddr * addressp, int * addrlen);
The first field is the descriptor of server socket that is listening. The second
parameter addressp pointsto a socket address structure that will be filled by the
address of calling client when the functionreturns. The third parameter addrlen is
an integer that will contain the actual length of addressstructure of client. It returns
an integer that is a descriptor of a new socket called the connection socket. Server
sockets send data and read data from this socket. The header files used are sys/types.h
and sys/socket.h.
Implement client server communication using TCP Socket
Tcp Server
# include<stdio.h>
# include<string.h>
# include<sys/socket.h>
# include<stdlib.h>
# include<netdb.h>
int main()
{
int serversocket,clientsocket,port;
struct sockaddr_in serveraddr,clientaddr;
socklen_t len;
char message[50];
struct serveraddr;
serversocket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
bzero((char*)&serveraddr,sizeof(serveraddr));
serveraddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
printf("Enter the port number ");
scanf("%d",&port);
serveraddr.sin_port=htons(port);
serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;
bind(serversocket,(struct sockaddr*)&serveraddr,sizeof(serveraddr));
bzero((char*)&clientaddr,sizeof(clientaddr));
len=sizeof(clientaddr);
listen(serversocket,5);
printf("\nWaiting for client connection\n");printf("\nhai:");
clientsocket=accept(serversocket,(struct sockaddr*)&clientaddr,&len);
printf("\nClient connectivity received.\n");
printf("\nReading message from the client.\n");
read(clientsocket,message,sizeof(message));
printf("\nThe client has sent.%s",message);
printf("\nSending message to the client.\n");
write(clientsocket,"YOUR MESSAGE RECEIVED.",sizeof("YOUR MESSAGE
RECEIVED."));
close(clientsocket);
close(serversocket);
}
Tcp Client
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<netdb.h>
#include<strings.h>
int main()
{
int clientsocket,port;
struct sockaddr_in serveraddr;
socklen_t len;
char message[50];
clientsocket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
bzero((char*)&serveraddr,sizeof(serveraddr));
len=sizeof(serveraddr);
serveraddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
printf("Enter the port number ");
scanf("%d",&port);
serveraddr.sin_port=htons(port);
printf("\nTrying to connect to the server.\n");
connect(clientsocket,(struct sockaddr*)&serveraddr,sizeof(serveraddr));
printf("\nConnected to the server.\n");
printf("\nSending message for server connection");
send(clientsocket,"HI,IAM CLIENT...",sizeof("HI,IAM CLIENT..."),0);
printf("\nReceiving message from server.\n");
recv(clientsocket,message,sizeof(message),0);
printf("\nMessage received.\t%s\n",message);
close(clientsocket);
}
OUTPUT
SERVER
gcc tcpnews.c -o server
./server
Enter the port number 5016
Waiting for client connection
hai:
Client connectivity received.
Reading message from the client.
The client has sent. HI,I AM CLIENT...
Sending message to the client.
CLIENT
gcc tcpnews.c -o client
./client
Enter the port number 5016
Trying to connect to the server.
Connected to the server.
Sending message for server connection
Receiving message from server.