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Chapter 7 + Key

Chapter 7 of Pre-Calculus 11 with answer key

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Chapter 7 + Key

Chapter 7 of Pre-Calculus 11 with answer key

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nienyin228
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Section 7.1 - Angles and Their Measure ¢ 251 Pee mia reg) The study of trigonometry focuses on angles, An angle is determined by rotating a ray about its endpoint. This endpoint is called the vertex of the angle. ‘The position of the ray before rotation is called the initial side and its position after rotation is called its terminal side. we ie ss vertex initial side ‘Angles formed by counter-clockwise rotation are positi are negative angles. angles, and angles formed by clockwise rotation, vertex vertex is positive (counter-clockwise) Gis negative (clockwise) Angles in Standard Position Ina coordinate system, an angle @ is said to be in standard position if its vertex is at the origin and its initial side coincides with the positive x-axis, Rotating a ray about the vertex forms an angle 6 with an initial side and a terminal side, y or ‘counter-clockwise rotation positive angle 180° or 360° lockwise rotation negative angle y y 2 Examples: no 400° A150 Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 252 ¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry Coterminal Angles Angles in standard position that have the same terminal side are called coterminal angles. y 7 » y 40° 320° 400° — 80° 40°, ~ 320°, 400°, and ~ 680° are coterminal angles. Other examples of coterminal angles are: 10° and ~ 350°, 90° and -270°, 200° and — 160°, 300° and — 60° If @ = 120° in standard position, find two positive and two negative angles that are co-terminal with @. > Solution: There are an infinite number of solutions to this problem, Some common solutions are listed. 120° + 360° = 480° 120° + 2(360°) = 840" 120° — 360" =~240° 120° — 2(360") = 600" Find the smallest positive coterminal angle for a) 2692° b) ~ 1940° > Solution: a) 2892" — 7.47 ‘Therefore there are 7 complete circles in 2692" 360" x7 = 2520° 2692" — 2520" = 172" b) ~5.38 Therefore there are 5 complete circles in ~ 1940" + multiplying by 6 makes the answer positive 220° ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher. Section 7.1 - Angles and Their Measure ¢ 253 Reference Angles For angle 6 in standard position, the reference angle is the positive acute angle 6” that is formed with the terminal side of @ and the x-axis. A reference angle is 0° < 6" < 90°, y y y y 7 0 a \e , ° ° e 4 in quadrant 1 6 in quadrant IL 0 in quadrant 111 6 in quadrant IV o=0 0’ = 180"-0 0" = 0-180" 0 = 360° -6 Find the reference angle for a) 200° b) 300° ©) ~200" Solution; a) a 200° 6 = 0-180" 200° = 180° = 20° ») y 300 6' = 360"°-6 4 . = 360° ~ 300° ly 60" ° A ‘The co-terminal angle of ~ 200" is 160° are 6 = 180°-6 180° = 160° 20° ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 254 # Chapter 7- Trigonometry Determine the smallest positive angle in quadrants I, I, III, and IV that has a reference angle of 40°. > Solution Quadrant 1 Quadrant IL 2 6 : i @ «0 180°-6 = 40" x 180°-0 = 140° Quadrant II Quadrant 1V , 2 y 6-180" = 6" 360° -0 40" x 360°-0 o — @ = 320° Determine the reference angle for a) 612° b) ~ 420° 844° ) 645° > Solution: a) 612° = 612" ~ 360° 252" is in quadrant IIT 6’ + 180° = 252" — @ = 72" 52" by —420° = 360° x2 - 420° = 300° 300° is in quadrant TV 360° — 300° = 60° 844° — 360° x2 = 124" in quadrant IL 180° — 124" 9 6 d) 6425" = 360° x 18 — 6425" = 55° 55° is in quadrant I o = 55° Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Reflection of Rays Section 7.1 - Angles and Their Measure ¢ 255 A reflection is a transformation that flips a figure or object over a line. object image reflecting line Any angle from 90° to 360” is a reflection in the x-axis and/or y-axis of its reference angle, 150° angle reflected over the y-axis, > — ne te 150° 330° angle reflected over the x-axis y a 330" 210° angle reflected over the x-axis, then the y-axis ? au, 130° Note: Reflecting over the y-axis first, then over the x-axis gives the same result Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without writin permission from the publisher 256 Chapter 7- Trigonometry ‘The Coordinate System Note: radius r > 0 By Pythagoras’ theorem, a? + b' Therefore all the triangles in quadrants I, 11, II, and IV must be equal. fall the triangles are equal, the reference angles to the standard position angles must also be equal. Find all angles, 0° < 6 < 360°, that have reference angles of 20°, > Solution: Quadrant lis also 20°, Quadrant Il is 180° — 20° Quadrant IIT is 180° + 20° ‘Quadrant IV is 360° — 20° 160° 200° 340" If quadrant II and IV have the same reference angles, and the standard position angle in quadrant IT is 165°, what is the standard position angle in quadrant IV? ainpl > Solution: If quadrant Il has angle 165°, then its reference angle is 180° ~ 165° = 15°, Therefore the standard position angle in quadrant IV is 360° ~ 15° = 345° Summary of Circles and Symmetry Given a point (a, 5) on the terminal side of a standard position angle @, then: (=a, b) must also be on the graph because of reflections in the x-axis, (a,~ b) must also be on the graph because of reflections in the y-axis (a,~ b) must also be on the graph because of reflections in the x-axis and the y-axis Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7. ~ Angles and Their Measure ¢ 257 7.1 Exercise Set 1, Determine the quadrant in which the terminal side of the angle lies. a) 70° 9 19 ©) 306° 2) 162° 400° 2. Sketch the angles in standard position, a) 110° z ©) 220" z ©) 290° 2 2) 400° z by —70° @ -191 -306° h) ~162" 400" b) = 110" @) —220° -290° ny -400° a Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without writen permission from the publisher 258 ¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry 3. Determine one positive and one negative coterminal angle for the given angle. a) ar oy =a 9 123° a -123" ©) 90" 180° g) 243" hy ~243" i) 297° — i) -297 k) 370" y 370" m) 430° n) ~430° 4, Give the degree measure of each angle in standard po: a) One-sixth of a revolution counter-clockwise. b) ‘Three-fifths of a revolution clockwise. ©) Five-cighths of a revolution counter-clockwise. 4d) One-fourth of a revolution clockwise, €) One and one-half revolutions counter-clockwise. 1) Two and one-quarter revolutions clockwise, 8) One-tenth ofa revolution counter-clockwise. h) One-cighth of a revolution clockwise Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.1 - Angles and Their Measure ¢ 259 5. Find the angle of smallest positive measure that is coterminal with the given angle. a) —30" b) -96" 9-197 a) -314" 9 -Rr 405" 2) 502° 437" ) 615° Dp -415° 6. Give an expression that generates all angles coterminal with the given angle. Let n represent any integer, a) 30° b) 100" ©) 130" @) -215" 7. Sketch an angle @ in standard position such that 6 has the smallest positive measure, and the given poi the terminal side of @ and determine the radius r. a) (-4,3) x ») (3,4) + eee — ® 1) = d) (-12,-5) P Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher. 260 ¢ Chapter 7- nometry 8. Suppose that the point (x, y) is inthe indicated quadrant. Decide whether the given ratio is positive or negative. “ 7 am, 2 + © mm, = + x : 9,4 + p12 7 2 +h i) x - » mm, + 9, Find the reference angle. a) 32° 9 us ©) 218° 2) 304" i) 832° ») 1,2 +/- om, +e 9 v2 oe hn, = +I- pws +R by -32" a) -113° f) -218° ee hy —304" 3B -iy _ 10. Find all angles, 0° < @ < 360°, that have reference angles of: a) 37 oo IL, If quadrants Il and IT have the same reference angles and one of the standard position angles is 214” , what is the other smallest positive standard position angle? by 71° a) 90" 12. If quadrants III and IV have the same reference angle and the standard position angle in quadrant TVis 333°, what is the smallest positive standard position angle? Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.2 - The Three Trigonometric Functions ¢ 261 / 2 DOME ele daldat nai) 3 ‘Consider an angle with radius r, and let 6 be the measure of the angle in standard position. ‘The terminal side of the angle @ is point P with coordinates (x, y). 2 2 Pay PO By Pythagoras’ theorem r* = x° + y*, The distance from the point (0,0) to the point (x, y) is always positive, therefore r= yx? ty" The values of x, y and r determine the three trigonometric ratios for angle @. These three ratios are called: sine, cosine, and tangent. The abbreviations of these ratios as angles are: sin@, cos@, and tan@. ‘Trigonometric Ratios 1f 0 is an angle in standard position with P(x, y) on the terminal side of @, then the three trigonomettic ratios of angle @ are defined as: sing =2 (22H) ooo = (se) 1 \hypotenuse + \ hypotenuse. with y= the side opposite @ x= the side adjacent 6 1r= the length of the radius (hypotenuse) with r= 27 y" ‘The value of the trigonometric ratio is determined by the angle @, not the value of the point P(x, y) that is on the terminal side of 8. y For example: Since AOQP is similar to AOP,Q;, the Pa corresponding sides are proportional. sin@ =~ and sind = 2+, therefore 2 = 2 cos @ = * and cos@ = 7+, therefore = 7 oO x tan@ =~ and tan@ = =, therefore 2 = 2 x mi xo The value of each ratio depends on the angle 8, not the lengths of x, y, and r, which change depending on which point on the terminal side is used. Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 262 4 Chapter 7- onometry Sign Properties of the Trigonometric Funetions y 2 y y PG») PO) Y rile @ / : Pay Pe» 6 in quadrant I 6 in quadrant IT 4 in quadrant IIL 4 in quadrant IV *>0, y>0 <0, y>0 #<0, <0 #>0,9<0 Quadrant I 1€ 6 is in quadrant I, then x > 0 and y> 0. ‘Therefore sin@ = tan => mI x L All three trigonometric functions are positive when @ is in quadrant Example: For the point P(3, 4) in quadrant I, the value of r = 37+ 4° = /25 =5 4 Therefore sin: ao Soon eee =f $ cos@=*= 3 tnd=2= Quadrant I 1f 6 is in quadrant If, then x <0 and y > 0. Therefore sind = tan@ = 2 x sin@ is positive in quadrant Il, cos and tan@ are negative in quadrant Il Example: For the point P(—3, 4) in quadrant II, the value of r = ¥3*+ 4 = ¥25 = 5 ‘Therefore sind=2=4 coso=*X=-3 tangp=2X=-4 ros ros x73 Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher. Section 7.2 - The Three Trigonometric Functions + 263 Quadrant 111 1f 0 is in quadrant Ill, then x <0 and y <0. = co 2 = 69 = => tno=2== Therefore sin@ = > tand is positive in quadrant II, sin@ and cos@ are negative in quadrant IIL Example: For the point P(—3, — 4) in quadrant Ill, the value of r = ¥3° +4 = 25 =5 ‘Therefore sind = ad Quadrant IV If is in quadrant IV, then x > 0 and y <0 ‘Therefore sind = > cos 086 is positive in quadrant IV, sin@ and tan@ are negative in quadrant IV Example: For the point P(3,— 4) in quadrant IV, the value of r = 3° +4 = /25 =5 Therefore sind =2=-4 cos tand => r 5 x Summary ‘Quadrant containing 6 Positive function ‘Negative functions I All None ul sin® cos@, tan a tand sin0, cos WV cos sind, tan ‘The diagram below is helpful for remembering the quadrants in which sin, cos@ and tan ate positive. Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 264 ¢ Chapter 7- ‘Trigonometry > Solution: my > Solution: > Solution: Identify the quadrant(s) for the angles satisfying the following conditions a) sina <0, cos > 0 b) tanB <0, cos@ <0 a) sino’ is negative in quadrants I1l and IV. cos@ is positive in quadrants I and IV. Therefore quadrant IV satisfies both conditions. b) tan is negative in quadrants Il and IV. cos6 is negative in quadrants II and IIL Therefore quadrant II satisfies both conditions, a with o in quadrant IIL, find sina’ and tana, cosa = +, so —5 is the x-value, 13 is the radial arm length xty= (-sy+y sty y= M4 avI44 =412 sin In quadrant II, x < 0 therefore x =-2/2 Yel. tnd = =~ 3F Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.2 - The Three Trigonometric Functions ¢ 265 Em” Find sin if tan = 2.135 with B in quadrant II. Solution: tanB = es jin quadrant III, therefore x and y are both negative vty (-1P + (-2135F = 5558 7 = 2358 sinB = 2.135. — 9.996 2.358 y =—2n, x $0 is the equation of the terminal side of an angle @ in standard position. Sketch the smallest positive angle @, and determine sin, cos®, and tan@. y Solution; (—1,2) isapointon y=—2x, x50 Boros: 21\be a * r= feer =/5 Therefore sind = Fe Ba, + 6080 = y = 3x, x <0 is the equation of the terminal side of an angle @ in standard position. Sketch the smallest positive angle 6, and determine sin, cos, and tan. Q > Solution: (~1,~3) isapointon y= 3x, x<0 xtty? Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 266 ¢ Chapter 7- Trigonometry 7.2. Exercise Set 1. Identify the quadrant(s) for the angles satisfying the given conditions a) cosp <0 9 sina<0 ©) cosB <0, tan > 0 g) sind > 0, tand > 0 i) sint <0, tant <0 b) tand>0 H) sing <0, cos > 0 - d) sina > 0, tana <0 h) cosy <0, tany <0 D sind <0, cosa <0 2. Appoint P on the terminal side of @ is shown. Evaluate the three trigonometric functions of 6. a) 9 P30) vb) PC-2,5) a y (0,-2) Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. ‘No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without writen permission from the publisher Section 7.2 - The Three Trigonometric Functions ¢ 267 3. If @ isin standard position and the given point is on the terminal side of 9, find the values of sin, cos, and tan. a) (3,-4) 9 (-7,-24) @ (-2¥3,2) ®) (-3,-3) i) (-2,0) ) (5,5) m) (—40,-9) 0) (2¥2,8) @ (-¥i1,-/5) b) (-12,5) d) (8,15) 9 (/2,/7) hy (0,4) D (-¥3,2) y (-2v2,1) n) (9,-40) p) (-3,¥3) vy) (VT7,2/2) ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher. 268 Chapter 7- ‘Trigonometry 4. An equation with a restriction on x is given. This is an equation of the terminal side of an angle in standard position. Draw the smallest positive angle @, and find the values of sin, cos@, and tan@. a) y= 2x, x<0 b) y= 2a, x20 y y + 9 y=4x, x20 y y p y y g) x=0, y20 bh) y=0,x<0 » y ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without writen permission from the publisher. Section 7.2- ‘The Three Trigonometric Functions ¢ 269 5. The value of one of the trigonometric functions is given, along with some additional information. Use this information to find the other two trigonometric functions of @. 4 a) sind = $9 in quadrant 1 ©) tan = Zp, 6 in quadrant IIL 9) cos =4, tan >0 ® Fiz e080<0 i) tan@=-1, sin@<0 b) cos =-43, 6 in quadrant IL @) sind Bo in quadrant 1V ) tanO=-%, sind >0 7a Dd D tan@=-V3 Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without writen permission from the publisher. 270 4 Chapter 7 - Trigonometry 6. The value of one of the trigonometric functions is given along with some additional information, Use the trigonometric ratios to find the other two trigonometric functions of @ Round each answer to three decimal places. a) sin@ = 0.642, @ in quadrant I 9 ) » tand = . 6 in quadrant HIT cos@ =—0,378, sin@ > 0 sind =—0.753, tan@ > 0 tan@ =—0.866, sind <0 cos@ = 0811 b) a ny dD » cos 6 = 0.537, 6 in quadrant IV sin@ = 0.237, 6 in quadrant 11 tan@ =~ 1.413, cos@ > 0 cos@ =—0.492, sin@ > 0 sin@ =—0.351 tan = 0.463, Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.2 - The Three Trigonometrie Functions ¢ 271 7. The terminal side of angle @ passes through the intersection point of the given lines. Find the three trigonometric functions of 8. a) x+y =3¢+y=6 8. Find the exact value of the three trigonometric functions of @ if @ is in standard position and the terminal side of 6 is in the specified quadrant and satisfies the given condition, a) I; biseets the quadrant ) Ul; parallel to the line 3x + 2y = 2 ©) TIl; parallel to the line through A(I, 4) 4) IV; parallel to the line through A(—2, 4) and B(—3,- 4) and B(5,~ 2) 9. Using different values of @, evaluate sin@ and 10, Using different values of ®, evaluate cos and sin(—@). How does the value of sin(~@) compare cos(—6). How does the value of cos(~6) to the value of sin6? ‘compare to the value of cos? ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 2724 Chapter 7~ etn urs Quadrantal Angles ‘The easiest angles to calculate are quadrantal, A quadrantal angle is any angle whose terminal side is on either the x-axis or the y-axis. If 0" < @ < 360°, then 6 = 0°,90°, 180°, and 270" y » y o 0,1) a = 180" = 210" a= P10) Fad ‘ ‘ Q ‘ 70.-1) 1, a positive number. Evaluate each trigonometric function, a) tend” b) cos 180° ©) sin270" tan 90° > Solution: a) Any point may be selected on the terminal side of @ = 0°. In this case P(1,0) is used. iety tan 0” 1 = 180°, In this case P(~1,0) is used. b) Any point may be selected on the terminal side of (ivr =1 yoko tbo cos 180° = £= Sh =—1 ©) Any point may be selected on the terminal side of @ = 270°. In this case P(0, ~ 1) is used. = 90°. In this case P(0, 1) is used. Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.3 - Special Angles ¢ 273 Special Angles: 30°, 45°, and 60° There are two right triangles in trigonometry that are especially significant because of their frequent occurrence. They are the 30° - 60° - 90° triangle, and the 45°- 45°. 90° triangle. ‘The acute angles in these triangles have trigonometric values that can be computed exactly The 45° 45°- 90° Triangle ‘The 45°- 45°- 90° triangle has two equal angles, therefore it is an isosceles triangle, and its legs are equal in length Since the value of a trigonometric function depends on the ratio of the sides of a triangle, not its length, itis easiest to use a triangle where the legs are both 1 By Pythagoras’ theorem, c= a? +57= 1?+17=2 + c= V2 eel eet eee 1 Therefore, sin45" =, coeds" = fe, tands* = p= 1 The 30° - 60°- 90° Triangle Consider an equilateral triangle with all of the sides of length 2 Drawing an altitude from a base will divide the opposite 60° angle in half, By Pythagoras’ theorem, a? +b? + Papa? b=3 3 @ sin@ cos @ 30° a e 7 34s} 45° a 1 Va As: 60" cee eB 1 3 Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 274 ¢ Chapter 7- Trigonometry alate sin210° P Solution: The reference angle for 210° is 30° » = 210° sin30’ 210" is in the third quadrant, and sine is negative in quadrant III 4 from the special angle table ‘Therefore sin210° = ~sin30" Evaluate cos315" > Solution: The reference angle for 315° is 45° 1 cos 45" = >from the special angle table 315° is in the fourth quadrant, and cosine is positive in quadrant IV ‘Therefore cos 315° = cos 45° = tr Evaluate tan 120° > Solution: The reference angle for 120° is 60° y omer, = 120° tan60° = /3 from the special angle table 120" is in the second quadrant and tangent is negative in quadrant II V3 Therefore tan 120" = —tan 60" ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.3 - Special Angles + 275 Ifyou look carefully at the special angle values of 30°, 45°, and 60° in the four quadrants, a pattern emerges. y y 5 ase 120° or 135° \ : 150° wr re \ |v S - . ve ys [7 . ay oo ~S a ys 210° 330" c yy nse” aise 240°” ‘300° The reference angles are the same in each diagram. Therefore, to evaluate a special angle, 90" < @ < 360°, ‘the only thing thing that needs to be known is the sign of the trigonometric function in the quadrant, > Solution: > Solution: > Solution: Evaluate sin30°, sin 150°, sin210°, and sin 330° ‘The reference angle for 30°, 150°, 210°, and 330° is 30°. ‘Sine is positive in quadrants I and II. Sine is negative in quadrants III and IV. sin30° = 4, therefore sin 150° = Evaluate cos 45°, cos 135°, cos225°, and cos 315°. ‘The reference angle for 45°, 135°, 225° and 315° is 45° Cosine is positive in quadrants I and IV. Cosine is negative in quadrants II and Il. Jer 008225" =— : cos 45" = >, therefore cos 13 “Jig and cos315* Evaluate tan 60°, tan 120°, tan240°, and tan 300°, ‘The reference angle for 60°, 120°, 240°, and 300° is 60° ‘Tangent is positive in quadrants I and III. Tangent is negative in quadrants Il and IV. tan60° = 73, therefore tan 120° =—¥3, tan 240° = V3, and tan300° =—/3 Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 276 + Chapter 7- Trigonometry Summary of Special Angles Being able to calculate all values of this chart quickly allows for greater success in the trigonometry unit, There are only two triangles (30° - 60° - 90°, and 45°- 45°- 90°) plus x-axis and y-axis values which produce the 48 special angles listed below. o | 30° | 45° | 60° | 90° | 120°] 135°] 150°] 180° | 210°] 225°] 240° 270°] 300°] 315°] 330° sing] o | 1 1 zlafe -1 cos] 1 | 3 0 Le 28) -1 g tan@) 0 4 1 | ¥3 | o |-v3} -1 0 ‘The next examples are the reverse process. The exact value of one of the three trigonometric functions is given and the angle(s) that correspond to it are found. + 0°50 < 360" Find all angles such that sin@ > Solution: Sine is positive in quadrants I and I, so there will be two solutions. Sine has a value of “3 at 60° A reference angle of 60° in quadrant II has an angle of 180° — 60° = 120° Therefore 6 = 60° and 120° 1 Wy Find all angles such that cos @ 0° <0 < 360° > Solution: Cosine is negative is quadrants II and II. Cosine has a value of 7 at 45° A reference angle of 45° in quadrant IL is 180° — 45" = 135° A reference angle of 45° in quadrant IM is 180 + 45° = 225°, ‘Therefore @ = 135° and 225°. imple Find the smallest positive angle such that tan0 =—~4-, 0° < @ < 360° v3 > Solution: Tangent is negative in quadrants I and IV. The smallest positive angle is found in quadrant I Ty at 30" ‘The reference angle of 30” in quadrant II is 180" ~ 30° = 150°, therefore @ = 150" ‘Tangent has a value of Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.3 - Special Angles ¢ 277 Find all angles such that cos = 0.632, 0° < @ < 360° > Solution: Cosine is positive in quadrants I and IV. 0 = cos"'(0.632) = 50.8" ‘The reference angle of 50,8" in quadrant IV is 360° ~ 50.8" = 309.2". Therefore @ = 50.8° and 309.2". O71 Find the smallest positive angle such that sin® > Solution: Sine is negative in quadrants III and IV, ‘The smallest positive angle is found in quadrant 11 6 = sin"‘(0.711) = 45.3" * Do not use 6 = sin”'(—0.711) ‘The angle for 45.3° in quadrant II is 45.3° + 180" = 225.3", therefore @ = 225.3° Find the exact area ofa triangle that has sides of length 9 cm and 11 cm, with the angle between the two given sides equal to 60°. > Solution: Make a sketch of the triangle. 1 ‘Area of triangle 4x base x height 1 yeh 1 Sanya) sino" = 4 = hi A=4.11-9sin60" n-9.43 ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing, No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 278 4 Chapter 7- ‘Trigonometry 7.3 Exercise Set 1. Find the reference angle a for each angle @. a) 300° —— ») 135° © 240° @) 120° ©) 330° 150° - gour hy 200° i) 280° p80" 73° pee 2) Oly m) 179° —— » 270° 2. Find the angle @ for each reference angle cr, in the given quadrant. a) 30°, 11 b) 45°, 01 ©) 60",1V @) 30°, 101 ©) 45°10 60°11 2) 30°,1V hy 45°, 1V i) 60", 10 — pan 37° II y 37,1V Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without writien permission from the publisher Section 7.3 - Special Angles ¢ 279 3. Evaluate exactly without using a calculator or table. Leave answers involving radicals in exact radical form. a) sin0* bd) cos" ©) tan0" @) sin270" ©) c0s270" ) tan270° ®) sin 120° cos 120° i) tan 120" iD sin315" Kk) cos315" ) tan3is* m) sin 210" 1n) cos 210" 0) tan210° p) tan 180° 4, Find all @, 0° < @ < 360°, which satisfy each equation, 9 tan = 9 sO =-T a) ® sind=0 _—) ase =0 i) tan@=0 ¥) cos =-4 D tan = v3 Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 280_¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry Find, to one decimal place, all @, 0° < @ < 360", which satisfy each equation. a) sinO = 0.253 b) cos0 = 0.425 ©) tend =2 @) sin@ =-0.625 ©) cos == 0.738 ) tan@ =-0.543 2) sind =—0.123, h) cos =~0.123 i) tan@ = 0.001 D sind = 0.427 1) cos6 = 0.222 1) tan@ =~5000 6. Find the smallest positive angle @, 0° $ @ < 360", which satisfies each equation. a) sind b) cos = ) tand ® sind =—Fe ©) cos ) tan =~J3 2) sind i) tand i) sin@=-1 1) tan@ = undefined Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No par ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 7. Find the area of an equilateral triangle with sides of 10 cm in length. 9. Find the area of a triangle with sides of length S cmand 10cm, and an angle between the two given sides of 110°. 11. Find the area of the shaded region. > 20° 13, A regular hexagon is inscribed in a circle of radius 10 cm. Find the area of the hexagon 10, 12 14, Section 7.3 - Special Angles ¢ 281 Find the area of a triangle with sides of length [Link] and 10 cm, and an angle between the two riven sides of 74°, ‘A triangle has an area of 15 mm?, and two sides of the triangle are 6 mm and 8 mm. Find the acute angle between the two given sides of the triangle. Find the area of the shaded region in terms of x, rs 129° A regular nonagon (nine sides) is inscribed in a circle of radius 10 cm, Find the area of the nonagon. Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without writen permission from the publisher: 282 ¢ Chapter 7- Trigonometry Matar ] 4 An oblique triangle is a triangle that does not contain a right angle. To solve an oblique triangle, three pieces of information must be given, ‘This information can be categorized in four ways, 1, Two angles and one side of a triangle. ASA (angle ~ side ~ angle) AAS (angle ~ angle ~ side) Note: Ifyou know two angles of a triangle, you can solve for the third angle, because the sum of the interior angles of a triangle equal 180°. 2. ‘Two sides and their included angle. SAS (side ~ angle ~ side) 3. Three sides. SSS (side ~ side ~ side) 4, ‘Two sides and an angle opposite one of the sides, ASS (angle ~ side ~ side) Note: ASS is referred to as the Donkey Theorem because the triangle is not always unique. However, in this section, the ASS triangles will be unique. ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.4 - Oblique Triangles ¢ 283 Given AABC, with 2A = 30°, b= 10, c = 8, find: a) a by) 2c 9 2B > Solution: This is an SAS oblique triangle. ree=8 or cos30° = vedas e248 d= 6928 ‘Therefore ¢ = 10 ~ 6.928 = 3.072 Phe +3072? 5.04 aAl_4 by tan = 2 = 3072 ee 20 = tan” (zp 79) = 52.5 ©) 44 =30', 20 525° and ZA + 2B + ZC Therefore 2B = 180" ~ 30° ~ 52.5" = 97.5" Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of tis publication may be reproduced without writen permission from the publisher 284 ¢ Chapter 7- ‘Trigonometry Given ABC, with a = 8, b = 10, and c = 12, find: a) ZA by) 2B 9 2 Solution: This is an SSS oblique triangle. ¢ 1, 8 : A Box P We (12-2 =8 = 8'-(12-2) 10° =x =8?-(12-2) 4 — 144 + 2d — 3 80+ 24x 80 x=75 15) 4.4 to) = 414 by cosa = Pex 12-75 8 = 0.5625 2B = cos"'(0.5625) = 55.8° ©) ZA+2B+ C= 180° 41.4" +558" + ZC = 180" + 2C= 828" Coprright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from he publisher a) 2c db) b oa > Solution: This is an ASA or AAS oblique triangle. a) ZA+ZB+ ZC = 180° 110° + 20° + ZC = 180" + 2C= 50° h h b) tan70°= 4, tan20° = ype f= xtan70°, h= (10 +x)tan 20° xtan70° = (10 +.x)tan20° xtan70° = 10tan20° + xtan 20° xtan 70° —xtan20° = 10tan20° x(tan 70° = tan 20") = 10tan 20” x 10tan 20" tan 70" = tan 20" x= 153 h = xtan70" = 1,53tan70° = 4.20 Baeth = 15F4+2759 + b= 447 QF =H +(10+aF = 4.20" + (10 + 1.53)" 150.58 a = J15058 123 Section 7.4 - Oblique Triangles ¢ 285 Given ABC, with 2A = 110°, 2B = 20°, and c = 10, find: Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher. 286 ¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry TEP Given ABC, with 2A = 50", a= 12, and c = 8, find: a) 2B b) ZC ob > Solution: This is an ASS oblique triangle. ASS triangles have several possible outcomes, depending on the measure of the two sides and the angle. a) sinso = 4 A= 8sin50" h=613 oheeo3) cosa = y= 8 2a = cos"'( $13) = 593° 2B= 20+ 20 0" + 59.3" = 99,3" 80° b) 244+ 2B 420 50° + 99,3" + ZC = 180" + 2C=30.7° ©) cosso" == x = Boos 50° x=514 ad cos 30.7° = i2 y = 12c08 30.7" y= 1032 baxty 14 + 10.32 = 15.46 ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.4 - Oblique Triangles ¢ 287 7.4 Exercise Set 1. Isa triangle with sides measuring 10, 4, and 5 2. In ABC, ZA = 65", 2B = 62°. What side of possible? Explain the triangle is the shortest? What side is the longest? 3. Find all missing sides and angles. Round answers to the nearest decimal point aN a ZN 2) 4 9 4 2 5 7 c a ‘ 5 - ¢ a4 SS > 2 » 4 » 4 9 c 4 B 6 c B eC a 7 / 7 Ic Coppright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 288 ¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry 4, Three parts of AABC are given. Assume a is opposite 2A, b is opposite 2B, c is opposite 2C. a) ZA= 50°, a=35, ¢=27, find 2B, b) a= 23, b= 31, c= 19, find 2A ©) 2B =94", a= 29, ¢ = 21, find ZC, QI", ZA = 48", b = 26, find ¢ ©) 2B = 108", 2C = 34", b = 68, find a 4A=80', a= 57, c= 22, find 2B ® 4C=73', a= 12, b= 14, find c h) a= 10, b= 12, ¢= 17, find ZC Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher u. ‘Two angles are 62° and 68°. If the shortest side is 35 om, find the length of the longest side. ‘The sides of a triangle are 7 em, 12 em and 14 om. Find the measure of the largest angle. ‘The length of two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are [Link] and 6 cm. Find the area of the parallelogram if the angle between the two sides is 30° Find the area of AABC if 2A = 60°, b = 20 cm, c 30 em, & 10. 12. 7.4 - Oblique Triangles + 289 ‘Two angles ofa triangle are 42° and 58°. If the longest side is 24 ft, find the length of the shortest side. The sides of a triangle are 7 em, 8 em, and 10 em. Find the measure of the smallest angle. ‘The lengths of the sides of a triangle are 4 cm, Sem, and 7 cm. Find the area of the triangle. Find the area of AABC if 2B = 20°, ZC = 120°, 10 om. Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher. 290 # Chapter 7 - Trigonometry Ue TLL Ty & ‘The Law of Sines is used to solve AAS, ASA, and ASS triangle problems. Using the Law of Sines to solve a triangle is a simpler process than the right-triangle method used in the previous section. Law of Sines If ABC is a triangle with sides a, b, and c, then: sind _ sinB _ sinc a b e ‘The Law of Sines is used to find the missing side of a ASA or AAS triangle, or the missing angle of an ASS triangle, of the Law of Sines an be an acute or obtuse oblique triangle. c c Ges 4 5 B 4 < B Let i be the altitude of either triangle. h Then sind= + a= dsind sing=4 . a= asinB Equating the two values of h gives: bsinA = asinB or sind = sinh Ina similar manner, by constructing an altitude from vertex B to side AC, it can be shown aad = Solve ABC, given 2B = 29°, ZC = 105", and 6 = 30. P Solution: 2A +29" +105" = 180" 2A = 46" < sin29" _ sin0s* __, _ 30sin 10 e 30 ¢ sin29° 30 sin29" _ sin46" | 4 _ 30sin46 _ 30 @ a= "sin" = 445 4 z 2 Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission jrom the publisher Section 7.5 - Law of Sines ¢ 291 ‘The Ambiguous Case (ASS) Given a, 6, and 2A in AABC Before demonstrating an example of a ASS triangle problem, the ambiguous case of ASS must be explained. Case]: a Solution, Sin30" rd However, since sine is positive in quadrants I and II, another answer is 180° ~ 45.6" = 134.4° Case 5: a S8¥= "Ta ctoF ed ZESV = 180" ~ 39.8" 28° = 112.2" ZESV" = 180° ~ 140.2" ~ 28° = 118° sin112.2" _sin28* gy — 1 10%sin 112.2" 5 Vv tixie > BY sin 28" emai or sin 1122" __sin28" L1x10'sin 118" EV" 1x10" sin? a ‘Therefore, the two possible distances from Earth to Venus are 2.2 x 10* km and 4.8 X 10” km. Note: For the sake of accuracy, do not round off during intermediate steps. Wait until the final calculation before rounding to the desired amount. Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher. 294 ¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry 7.5 Exercise Set 1 2 Explain why no triangle is possible with the given information. a) A= 38° y C= by A=42) B= 65" 9" 4c = 13 a=7 b=1l ° c=9s @ A=120 B= 20° c= 12 a=12 b=6 Find the sine angle equivalent to the following, 0° < @ < 180° a) sin10" b) sin30" ©) sing” @) sin71" ©) sin 121" ) sin137" Determine if the set of data leads to 0, 1, 2 triangles. A drawing may be helpful a) 2A = 60", a= 673, b= 12 b) ZA= 60", a= 11, b= 12 ©) 2A= 60", a=10, b= 12 a) ZA =60', a= 12,6 ©) ZA= 110", a= 16, b= 12 ZA=110', a= 12, b= 12 ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.5 - Law of Sines ¢ 295 4, Given 2A and side b, determine the lengths for side a that allow 0, 1, or 2 triangles to be formed. a) 4A=30°, b= 12 by 24 5", b= V2 ) ZA= 60", b= 6V3 @) ZA = 120", b= 12 5. Solve for the unknown angle, if possible, then determine if.a second angle, 0” < @ < 180°, exists that will satisfy the proportion but not the triangle. sind _ sindo* sind _ sin20" » » “200 = "50 10 30 sin _ sin30° Oo) 10 as ° Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 296 ¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry 6. Solve using the Law of Sines. If two triangles exist, solve both completely. A drawing is very helpful a) ZA= 140°, 2C= 25", a= 20 9 27", ZB = 46", a= 120 e) 2B=60', b= 4/3, a=8 p ®) ZA=748, 4 hy) ZA= 8°, 2B = 48", b= 305 ) ZA= 43°, 2B= 38", c= 172 D 4A= 33, a= 272, b= 124 ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.5 - Law of Sines ¢ 297 6 W) 44=30',a=8, b= 10 QD 24=58',a=9, b= 10 m) ZA= 10°, 2B = 60°, a n) 2B = 10", 2C= 135", ¢ 60 0) 2C=52',c=85, b= 124 p) 4B=27,b=2,c=5 q) 4B=27, b=4,c=5 Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 298 ¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry 7. Find the length, J, of the brace ES) required to support the lamp. sal \ se 9. —Ahot air balloon is flying directly between two cities that are 4 km apart. The balloonist finds that the angle of depression to one city is 38° and 33° to the other city. How high above the ground is the balloon? 11. In asolar system, the distance from the Sun (S) to planets 4 and B are 85 and 61 million niles respectively. When 2A = 20°, how far is it from planet 4 to planet B and 5? 8. Aplane is sighted by two observers I km apart at angles 74° and 78°. How high is the plane? / 10. Two planes leave airport 4 in different directions. One plane lands at airport B, 630 km from aitport 4. The other plane lands at airport C some time later. If ZABC = 110° and ZACB = 40°, how far did the second plane fly? 12, Three circles with radius 4om,B = 3m, and Som are shown. If ic ZCAB = 35°, how far is it from the centre of circle A_//~ tothecentreofcireleC? (4 Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of ths publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.6 - Law of Cosines ¢ 299 PR ee Sit) ‘There are four cases in which it is possible to solve a general triangle ABC. The Law of Sines is used for two of the cases (ASA or AAS), the Law of Cosines is used for the remaining cases (SAS and SSS). ‘The Law of Cosines For any triangle ABC and corresponding sides a, 6, and c: Pact +c? — 2becosA cos Bea +c? 2accosB cosB a? +b? 2abcosC cosC Note: If ZA = 90", cosA = 0 ~ a? = b? +c? which is Pythagoras’ Theorem Derivation of the Law of Cosines Consider the oblique triangle ABC, ic or oe B Length c is divided into two parts, x and ¢ — x. cos + x= beosA x b By the Pythagorean theorem: B?= Hi +.x7 + i? = B=? @=h+(c—a¥ + W=a’—(c~4¥ Equating these values for W?: a?—(e—x) = b?— x? @ = B= +(c-xF Pos Bax te 2ert3° = B+ ch 2ex P= bi+e—2becosA + beosA is substituted for.x a’ a’ a’ Just as easily, an altitude can be drawn from angle B to side b, and from angle A to side a, to show the remaining two cases of the Law of Cosines. Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without writen permission jrom the publisher. 300 ¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry Using the Law of Cosines for SSS Always find the largest angle first in a SSS problem. This will guarantee the other two angles are acute. The Law of Cosines never has the ambiguous case since a unique angle is always obtained between 0° and 180°, Solve AABC, given a = 5, b= 7, ¢= 10. > Solution: cf = a +b? = 2abcosC 10? = 5*47'=2-5-TeosC 100 = 25+ 49-70cosC TOcosC = 25+ 49-100 TWeosC = ~26 = 226 cosc = ~36 2C = 008" (—F5 2c = 118" ‘The Law of Sines or the Law of Cosines can be used to find 2A or 2B, The Law of Sines is easier to use. _. simA _ sin 11.8" 5 10 ‘Therefore 27.7" + 2B + 111.8" = 180" + 2B = 40.5" Ssin 1.8" 10 = sil ZA=207° Note: If 2A was solved for first, it would lead to a wrong angle. Using the Law of Cosines, 2A would still be 27.7" but: sinC _ sind, sinC _ sin27.7" Losin27.7 ¢ 10 5 oe 5 The correct result for ZC is 180" ~ 68.2" = 111.8". To avoid this problem, always find the largest angle first in a SSS problem. = £C= 68.2" The only case in which a SSS triangle has no solution is when the two shorter sides of a triangle are less than the longest side, For example, a triangle cannot be formed with sides 3, 4, and 8, Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.6 - Law of Cosines + 301 Using the Law of Cosines for SAS Solve ABC, given ZA = 50°, b = 12, and > Solution: pr 7 a 4 7 c a= B+? 2becosA 12? + 5*=2-5- 120850" 91.865 5846, a ‘The Law of Sines may be used to find another angle of the triangle. To avoid obtaining two solutions for the angle, it is best to find the angle opposite the shortest side, since that angle is always acute, rn Senso" = 236° Therefore 50° + 2B +236" = 180° ~ 2B = 1064" Note: If 2B was solved for first, it would lead to a wrong angle. sin = sipB. sin§0" = SinB ging = 128i050° _ p= 736° The correct result for ZB is 180" ~ 73.6" = 106.4". To avoid this problem, always find the smallest angle first in a SAS problem. Summary of Law of Sines and Law of Cosines Given [Method of Solving 5 1. Find the remaining angle using ZA + ZB + ZC = 180°. ASA or! ‘Aor AAS |” Find the remaining sides using the Law of Sines. Be aware ofthe ambiguous ease. There may be two solutions. ‘agg. |: Find an angle using the Law of Sines. 2, Find the remaining angle using 2A + 2B + ZC = 180° 3. Find the remaining side using the Law of Sines. 1. Find the remaining side using the Law of Cosines SAS | 2. Find the smaller of the two remaining angles using the Law of Sines 3, Find the remaining angle using 2A + 2B + ZC = 180°. 1. Find the largest angle using the Law of Cosines. sss__|2. Find the remaining angle by using the Law of Sines 3, Find the remaining angle using ZA + 2B + ZC = 180" ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 302 ¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry 7.6 Exercise Set 1. Fill in the blank. a) Use the Law of Cosines when the information given for the triangle is_ or b) Ifthe Law of Cosines a” = b? +c’ ~ 2bc cos is applied to a right triangle, the result is, theorem, since cos90" ©) Write a version of the Law of Cosines that is needed to solve AXYZ, with ZYXZ = 23°, z and y = 20 Determine whether the Law of Sines or the Law of Cosines would be used to begin the solution process for each triangle. ») 2 0 : ZN é 7 ° SY : ; ° 3. Solve each Law of Cosine for the unknown part. Answer to 2 decimal places a) a? =5°43°=2-5-3c0s43" b) be P+ 8° 2-7-8008 115" 4+ 6 —2:4-6 00890" ao? *4.6? = 2:3-6c08A e) 53° = 2.7? +46" 2(2.7)(4.6)cosB f) 9.3? = 6.27 + 4.5" — 2(6.2)(4.5)cosC Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.6 - 4, In AABC, if 2A = 48", b = 12,and c= 6, which 5. In AABC, if 2A = 95°, b = 5, and ¢ = 9, which of the two angles 2B or 2C can be said for certain of the two angles 2B or ZC can be said for certain is acute, and why? is acute, and why? 6. — Given the indicated parts of AABC, what angle or side should be found first, and which formula should be used to find it? a) B b) B L™ Lo. ©) B d) B 4 Ls. 4 Ls. e) B p B j Lo. 4 L™ ¢ 2 ° DD} ° Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher. 304 ¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry 7. Solve the triangle, Round answers to one decimal place. a) ZA=50"b 0, = 15 0) £0=607, b=4,a=8 ©) a=7, b= 24, c= 25 z=1, X= 120° 27.8", k= 1578, d = 2654 @) a=2,b=3,c=4 h) x=6, y=7,2=13 j) 8 = 1504, q = 2365, r= 1953 (Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.6 - Law of Cosines ¢ 305 8. Solve AABC using either the Law of Sines or the Law of Cosines to begin the solution, a) ZA = 1267, b=9, c= 12.2 b) ZA = 28°, 2B = 42", ¢ = 18.2 ©) 2B = 63", b=8, c= 10 @d) 2B=41',a=11,c=6 ©) a= 123, b=96, c= 89 ) 20= 38, b=9,c=7 ® 4C= 100, a=10, c= 10 hy A= 60", a= 273, c=4 i) a= 132, b= 0.88, c= 0.65 D 4A=75", b= 4-203, a= 16-2 Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing, No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher 306 ¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry A plane flies 420 km from point A at a direction 135° from due east and then travels 240 km at a direction of 240° from due east. How far is the plane from point 4? nL. angle of 38° and have lengths of 4 cm and 9 em, ‘What is the length of the larger diagonal of the parallelogram? 13, The rectangular box has dimensions 4em x 3m x 2em Find angle @ formed by a diagonal of the base, and a diagonal of the 2 cm * 3 em side. ‘Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram meet at an of 10, Two planes leave Victoria at 9 am, One plane travels due east at 500 km/h, while the other plane travels 640 kmvh 30° W, How far apart are the two planes at noon? 12, Three circles of radius 3, 5, and 7 cm are tangent to each other. Find the largest angle formed by joining their centres. A 14, An irregular plot of land has dimensions 2em ——asshown, Find AB. 454, 3 150m 200m Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.7 - Chapter Review ¢ 307 /.] radii Section 7.1 1, Determine the smallest positive coterminal angle for the given angle. a) -20° by —100° ©) ~240° @) ~280° e) 400" ) 500° 9) 821° hy ~821° ) -937 —— Dp 3r 2. Find the reference angle for the following, a) 73° by 1377 ©) 291° @) 204" ) -137° 291° ®) ~204" eee) 10007 i) -835" i 892" 3. Find all angles, 0° < @ < 360", that have the given reference angle. py ue eee |b) Aa or @ 89° Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission rom the publisher 308 ¢ Chapter 7- Trigonometry Section 7.2 4. Given a point on the terminal side of angle . Evaluate the three trigonometric functions of 6. a) (3,7) by (-1,272) ©) (-2/3,2) a) (-V17,- 22) 9 (2/5,-¥5) 9 (-3¥2,/7) 5. Given a linear equation of the terminal side of angle 0, with a restriction, find the value of the three trigonometric functions of 8 a) y=4x220 ° x x20 6. Given one of the three primary trigonometric functions, find the other two trigonometric functions of @ a) sind = fe 0 in quadrant T b) tnd =, 6 in quadrant IL ©) cos@ =—0.416, @ in quadrant III d) sin@ =—0.421, @ in quadrant IV 6 in quadrant I f) tan@ = 1.372, @ in quadrant II ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing, No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher Section 7.7 - Chapter Review ¢ 309 Section 7.3, 7. Find all @, 0° < @ < 360°, which satisfy each equation. b) d) sind=0 ©) cosO = 0.7071 f) tan@ =~1.732 ose g) sind = Tr i) tan = undefined jp tand Section 7.4 8. Solve ABC by using right triangles, not by using the Law of Sines or Cosines. a) ZA=40", 2B= 60", b=8 b) a=4,6 6 @) 2B= 110", 20=32,a=5 Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reprodiced without writien permission from the publisher 310 ¢ Chapter 7 - Trigonometry Sections 7.5, 7.6 9. Solve ABC using the Law of Sines or Law of Cosines to begin the solution. a) 2B=104,a=17,c=11 b) 4A=40", 2B = 40", 9 a=4,b=3,c=6 @) 2A=95", 2B = 45", a= Q 4A=50,a ) 2A=60',a=4,5 8) 2B=20°,b=4,c=6 h) 2C= 60°, a=2V6, c= 3V2 10, In ABC, b 12 1 solution 4,a>4¥2 1 solution a=9,a>643 1 solution 6 ZACB = 73.47 pte AB = 41797? + 150" —2(417.97)(150)o0873.47" ~ AB = 4019 m ‘200m 7 Chapter Review 1, a) 340°) 260°) 120° d) 80" e) 40° f) 140° g) 101") 259° iy 183° j) 177° 2 nT WA O67 Dw OA Hor Hw Har Hor De 3. a) 71°, 109°, 251,289) 49°, 137%, 255 317° 9) 179% 1818,359° 91°, 2602,271° 1 22 9 = 4 9 sioo= Ze =2 w sno=22, exo = =1 9) sind = 4, 0050 7. a) 45°, 135% b) 150°,210" 6) 30°,210° d) 0%, 180°) 45°,315° f) 120,300" gp 225°,315 120°, 240° 4) 90,2707 jp 135°, 315° 8. 9) ZC=80,a=59,c=91 b) ZA= 414, ZB= 558, LC= 828") LA= 945", 2B= IBS, @) ZA=38 =16,¢=43 9. a) LA=ATS, £O= 285%, 00", 24 w 2c 3, b=13 0) 24=363', 2B= 264", 20= 1173" @) 20=40,b=35,c=32 9 2B 39 pe #®) ZA= 1291',109", 2C= 308°,149.17, @= 91,22 h) ZA= 90", 2B = 30", b= 16 0", 9936 10, 28 is the smallest angle and 2C is the largest ‘opposite the largest sce. 4. 120° le, since the smallest angle is opposite the smallest side, and the largest ange is ‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher

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