COURSE FILE

Control System Engineering

EL105101EL

Instructor
Dr. Subhojit Ghosh
Department of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology Raipur
(Chhattisgarh) 492010 India
Contact Tel: +91-7389001453
e-mail: [Link]@[Link]

URL: [Link]
Session: 2021-22

1
 Control System Engineering
COURSE FILE

Program : Bachelor of Technology

Semester : V

Course Code : EL105101EL

Prepared By Approved By

Dr Subhojit Ghosh Head

(Associate Professor) Dept. of Electrical
Engineering

2
 CONTENTS

1. Subject Syllabus

2. Lesson Plan

3. Lecture Plan

4. Unit Precedence diagram

5. Tutorials and Assignments

6. Question Papers

7. Blooms Analysis of Question Paper

8. Result Analysis

9. Corrective Measures

10. Faculty Feedback Report

3
Control System Engineering
[5th Semester, Third Year]
Course Description
Offered by Department Credits Status
Code
Electrical Engineering 3-1-0, (4) Program Core EL105101EL

[Pre-requisites: Mathematics- I (MA101001MA), Basic Electrical Engineering(EL1051022EL)]

Course Objectives
Making the students
 Acquire the knowledge of modeling and analyzing dynamic systems in time and frequency domain
 Understand the requirement of feedback in improving system response.

UNIT I: General Control Systems

Introduction, open and closed-loop control, Transfer function, Mathematical modelling of various
physical systems, e.g., electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal, etc., feedback and feed-
forward control systems.
(a) Block diagrams and reduction techniques.
(b) Signal flow-graph analysis.

Unit II: Time Domain Analysis & Design:

Steady-state and transient analysis of first and second order systems, steady-state errors, error
constants, performance specifications in time domain, Types of feedback control system, Proportional
Integral and derivative control, PID controller, Design specifications and considerations of second-
order systems, Performance indices

Unit III: Stability and frequency Domain Analysis

Stability: concept, necessary conditions, Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion, relative stability analysis.
(a) Polar plots, Bode plots, Experimental determination of transfer function, Design considerations.
(b) Stability in frequency domain: Hurwtiz stability criterion and Relative stability assessment, Gain
Margin and Phase Margin, Systems with transportation lag, Closed-loop frequency response, Nichol’s
chart, Sensitivity analysis in frequency domain.

Unit IV: Design using Root Locus

Definition, magnitude and angle criteria, properties of root locus, construction rules for root locus plot
of negative feedback systems, determining the gain from root locus plot, effect of addition of poles and
zeros of G(s)H(s).

Unit V: Control System Design

Controller design in time and frequency domain
(a) Compensation using root locus: Cascade lag, cascade lead, cascade lag-lead network.
(b) Compensation using Bode plots: Lag, lead and lag-lead networks.

Course Outcomes(CO)
1. Analyse continuous systems mathematically through the use of Laplace functions and state
equations.
2. Apply fundamental principles of closed loop system and appreciate the use of feedback to
improve system performance.
3. Interpret any physical system in both transfer functions and state equations form.
4. Design controllers to improve the performance of continuous controlled system in both time
and frequency domains.
5. Infer knowledge to succeed in any competitive examination as well as develop the lifelong
learning process.

4
Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs)

Programme Outcomes:

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.

2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and

design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and

research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities
with an understanding of the limitations.

6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to
the professional engineering practice.

7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering

solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.

8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.

9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader
in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the

engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.

11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

5
 12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change

Mapping and Correlation of COs with POs

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 1 3
CO2 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 3
CO3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3
CO4 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 3
CO5 3 3 3 3 3 1 3

Mapping and Correlation of COs with PSOs

PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

CO1 3 2 2
CO2 3 2 3
CO3 3 2 3
CO4 3 2 3
CO5 3 2 2

Required Text: Text books

(1) [Link], “Automatic Control Systems”, Prentice Hall of India, 7th Edition, 1995.
(2) Ogata. K, “Modern Control Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India, 5th Edition, 2010
(3) [Link] and [Link],” Control System Engineering”, New Age International Publishers, 5 th
Edition, 2007

6
 Control System Engineering(EL105101EL)

Instructor: Dr Subhojit Ghosh

COURSE OUTLINE/ LESSON PLAN

General Control Systems:
Part 1:Introduction to feedback control systems
Part 2:Mathematical modeling of physical systems
Part 3:Block diagram based transfer function estimation
Part 4: Mason gain formulae
Time Domain Analysis & Design:
Part 1:Dynamic response of first and second order systems
Part 2:Transient and steady state specifications and indices
Part 3:PID Controller
Stability and frequency Domain Analysis:
Part 1: Absolute and relative stability
Part 2: Frequency response analysis of linear systems
Part 3: Polar and Bode plots
Part 4: Stability analysis in frequency domain
Part 5: Transfer function estimation from frequency response.
Design using Root Locus:
Part 1: Root locus plot
Part 2: Effect of pole/zero addition and time delay in dynamic response
Part 3: Controller design using Root Locus
Part 4: Lag, Lead and Lag-Lead networks: response and compensation
Control System Design:
Part 1: Controller Design in Time Domain
Part 2: Design of Lag, Lead and Lag-Lead networks using Root Locus
Part 3: Controller Design in Time Domain
Part 4: Design of Lag, Lead and Lag-Lead networks using Bode Diagram

7
 Lecture Plan,

Control System Engineering EL105101EL

Session
Topics to be covered
No.
1. Introduction to Control Systems - System concept - open and closed loop

2. Effect of Feedback on System Performance

3. Feedback in Electrical Engineering

4. System Modeling- Time and frequency domain

5. Block diagram representation and reduction techniques

6. Block diagram representation and reduction techniques (contd.)

7. Block Diagram Representation by Signal Flow Graph and Mason’s Gain Formula

8. Block Diagram Representation by Signal Flow Graph and Mason’s Gain Formula (contd.)

9. Standard Test Signals and Time Response of a First Order System

10. Time response of second order systems and effect of damping

11. Time domain specifications – Rise time, Peak time, Peak Overshoot and Settling time

12. Types and order of systems and Introduction to Steady State Error
Determination of Steady State Error using Static Error Constant – Positional, Velocity and
13.
Acceleration Error Constant
14. Effect of different controlling actions on systems performance

15. Effect of different controlling actions on systems performance (contd.)

16. Performance Indices in Time Domain

17. Procedure to construct Root Locus

18. Problems on Root Locus

19. Problems on Root Locus(contd.)

20. System analysis using dominant roots

21. Proportional controller design using root locus

22. Different notions of stability and Routh Hurwitz Condition

8
23. Frequency response analysis of linear systems

24. Frequency Domain Specifications and correlation with time domain

25. Obtaining Polar plot

26. Obtaining Polar plot(contd.)

27. Principle of argument and Nyquist Stability criterion

28. Problems on Nyquist Stability criterion

29. Obtaining Bode plot

30. Obtaining Bode plot(Contd.)

31. Stability analysis using Bode and Nyquist plots - Determination of Gain and Phase Margin

32. Transportation lag (system delay) and non-minimum phase system

33. Introduction to Lag, Lead and Lag-Lead networks

34. Implementation of Lag, Lead and Lag-Lead networks

35. Design of Lag and Lead networks using Root Locus

36. Design of Lag and Lead networks using Root Locus (contd.)

37. Design of Lag- Lead networks using Root Locus

38. Design of Lag and Lead networks using Bode Plot

39. Design of Lag and Lead networks using Bode Plot (contd.)

40. Design of Lag- Lead networks using Bode Plot

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 Work Diary
Department Electrical Engineering Session 2021-22
Subject Control System Subject Code EL105101EL
Name of Teacher Dr. Subhojit Ghosh Semester V

TIME SCHEDULE: Total Theory Period Total Tutorial Periods:

Day Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
Period No. 6 4 8 5
Time 3:30-4:15 2:30-3:15 11:00-11:45 2:30-3:15

S. No. Lecture Syllabus to be Covered Reference

No.
UNIT-I
1 L1 Introduction to Control Systems - System T1,T2,R1
concept - open and closed loop
2 L2 Effect of Feedback on System T1,R1
Performance
3 L3 Feedback in Electrical Engineering T2,T1
4 L4 System Modeling- Time and frequency T1,T2
domain
5 L5 Block diagram representation and T2,R1
reduction techniques
6 L6 Block diagram representation and T1,T2.R1
reduction techniques (contd.)
7 L7 Block Diagram Representation by Signal T1,T2
Flow Graph and Mason’s Gain Formula
8 L8 Block Diagram Representation by Signal T1,R1
Flow Graph and Mason’s Gain Formula
(contd.)
UNIT-II
9 L9 Standard Test Signals and Time Response T1,T2,R1
of a First Order System
10 L10 Time response of second order systems T1,T2
and effect of damping
11 L11 Time domain specifications – Rise time, T1,T2
Peak time, Peak Overshoot and Settling
time
12 L12 Types and order of systems and R1,T1
Introduction to Steady State Error
13 L13 Determination of Steady State Error using T1,R1
Static Error Constant – Positional,
Velocity and Acceleration Error Constant
14 L14 Effect of different controlling actions on T2,R2
systems performance
15 L15 Effect of different controlling actions on T2,R1
systems performance (contd.)
16 L16 T1,T2,R1
Performance Indices in Time Domain
UNIT IV
17 L17 T1,T2
Procedure to construct Root Locus
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18 L18 R1,T2
Problems on Root Locus
19 L19 T2,R1
Problems on Root Locus(contd.)
20 L20 T1,T2
System analysis using dominant roots
21 L21 Proportional controller design using root R1,T2
locus
22 L22 Different notions of stability and Routh T1,T2
Hurwitz Condition
23 L23 Frequency response analysis of linear T1,R1
systems
24 L24 Frequency Domain Specifications and R1,T2
correlation with time domain
UNIT III

25 L25 T1,T2,R1
Obtaining Polar plot
26 L26 T1,T2,R1
Obtaining Polar plot(contd.)
27 L27 T1,T2,R1
Principle of argument and Nyquist
Stability criterion
28 L28 T2,T1,R1
Problems on Nyquist Stability criterion
29 L29 T2,T1,R1
Obtaining Bode plot
30 L30 T1,T2
Obtaining Bode plot(Contd.)
31 L31 Stability analysis using Bode and Nyquist R1,T2
plots - Determination of Gain and Phase
Margin
32 L32 Transportation lag (system delay) and non- T1,T2
minimum phase system
UNIT V

33 L33 Introduction to Lag, Lead and Lag-Lead T1,R1

networks
34 L34 Implementation of Lag, Lead and Lag- T2,R1
Lead networks
35 L35 Design of Lag and Lead networks using T1,T2
Root Locus
36 L36 Design of Lag and Lead networks using T1,R1
Root Locus (contd.)
37 L37 Design of Lag- Lead networks using Root T1,T2,R1
Locus
38 L38 Design of Lag and Lead networks using T1,R2
Bode Plot

11
39 L39 Design of Lag and Lead networks using T1,T2,R1
Bode Plot (contd.)
40 L40 Design of Lag- Lead networks using Bode R1,T2
Plot

12
Unit Precedence Diagram

Introduction to Course

Unit I

(Class Test 1)

Unit II

(Class Test 2)

Unit III

(Class Test 3)

Unit IV

Unit V

(Term Paper)

End Semester Exam.

13
 Electrical Engineering Department
National Institute of Technology Raipur

Question Bank-1
Course: CSE Code: EL105101EL

1. What is control system?

2. Define open and closed loop control system?
3. What are the components of feedback control system?
4. Enlist some examples of open and closed loop control system from daily life?
5. Define transfer function.
6. What are the basic elements used for modelling electrical and mechanical translational
system?
7. Explain the block diagram representation of dynamic systems?
8. State Mason Gain rule?

QUIZ: Related to topic objective and outcome

1. As compared to an open loop system, a closed loop system has
(a) Lesser sensitivity to parameter variation
(b) Higher bandwidth
(c) Faster response
(d) all of the above

2. With the introduction of negative feedback to an open loop system

(a) The gain remains same
(b) Gain increases
(c) Gain reduces
(d) Gain might increase or decrease depending on the open loop transfer function

3. A transfer function of a LTI system

(a) Depends on the input
(b) Depends on the initial condition
(c) Varies with time
(d) None of the above

4. The block diagram contains

(a) System output variable
(b) system input variable
(c)the functional relations of the variables
(d) all of the above

5. In a signal flow graph, the nodes represents

(a) The system variables
(b) the system gain
(c) the system parameters
(d) all of the above

6. The branch of a signal flow graph represents

(a) The system variable
(b) the functional relations of the variables

14
(c) the system parameters
(d) none of the above

7. By applying masons gain formula, it is possible to get

(a) The ratio of output variable to input variable only
(b) The system functional relations between any two variables
(c) The overall gain of the system
(d) The ratio of any variable to input variable only

8. Two or more loops in signal flow graph are said to be non touching
(a) If they do not have any common loop
(b) If they do not have any common branch
(c) If they have common node
(d) If they do not have any common node

9. In force voltage analogy, the mechanical element Mass corresponds to which electrical element
(a) Inductance
(b) Resistance
(c) Capacitance
(d) Conductance

10. In force current analogy, the mechanical element damper corresponds to which electrical element
(a) Inductance
(b) Resistance
(c) Capacitance
(d) Conductance

15
 Electrical Engineering Department
National Institute of Technology Raipur

Question Bank-2
Course: CSE Code: EL105101EL

1(a). Derive the expression for time domain specification of a prototype second order
system to a step input.
(b). Derive the expression generalized error coefficients for systems of different types and
order subjected to standard test signals.

2. A unity feedback system is characterized by the open loop transfer function

G(s)=1/(s(0.5s+1)(0.25s+1)) Determine the steady state errors for unit step, unit ramp and
unit acceleration input. Also determined the damping ratio and natural frequency of the
dominant roots.

3. The unity feedback system is characterized by an open loop transfer function G(s)=
K/(s(s+1)), estimate the gain K, so that the system will have a damping ratio of 0.6 for this
value of K. Determined settling time and peak over shoot for a unit step input.

4.A position control system with velocity feedback is shown what is the response C(t) to
the unit step input given that ξ =0.5, also calculate rise time, peak time, maximum
overshoot and settling time.

5. Outline the effect of proportional, derivative and integral action on the transient and
steady state response of a LTI system.

6. Outline the disadvantages of proportional, derivative and integral action on the transient
and steady state response of a LTI system.

7. Explain how the inclusion of integral control action reduces the steady state error to zero.

[Link] open loop transfer function of a servo system with unity feedback is
G(s)=10/s(0.1s+1). Evaluate the static error constants of the system. Obtain the steady
state error of the system when subjected to an input given by the polynomial
r(t)=a0+a1t+(a2/2)t2

QUIZ: Related to topic objective and outcome

1) In a type1 system, the steady acceleration error is

a) zero b)Unity c) infinity d)none

2) In a second order system if the damping factor is less than unity the system will be
a) Under damped b) Over damped c)Critically damped d)Freely Oscillating

3). The time domain specification which is dependent only on the damping factor is
(a) Rise time (b)peak time (c)settling time (d) peak overshoot

4). When the gain K of a system is increased, the steady state error of the system
(a) Increase (b)remains unchanged (c)may increase or decrease (d) decrease

5) The static error constants depends on

16
(a) The order of the system (b) the type of the system
(c)Both type and order of the system (d) None

6) The control systems are normally designed with damping factor

(a) More than unity (b) of zero (c) less than unity (d) of unity

7) A model of a machine-tool system with unity feedback is

where G(s)=500/(s(s+50)) and G_c (s)=k_1+k_2/s

Selecting K2 = 1, determine a suitable value of K1 for a percent overshoot of
approximately 20%.
a)K1 = 1.5 b)K1 = 5.0
c)K1 = 0.5 d)K1 = 2.5

8) Consider a space vehicle model depicted in the block diagram.

A suitable compensator Gc(s) for this system that satisfies the specifications (i) PO ≤ 20%
and (ii) Velocity error constant Kv≥10, is
G_c (s)=(24(s+1))/(s+4)
G_c (s)=(160(10s+1))/(200s+1)
G_c (s)=((s+4))/(s+1)
None of the above

9) The positioning system of a printer can be modeled as

(C(s))/R(s) =(10(s+50))/(s^2+60s+500)
where the input R (s ) represents the desired position and C (s ) is the output position. If the
input is a unit step input, the final value of the output is:
(a) 1 (b) 100 (c) 200 (d) 50

10) With increase in the integral action in a PI controller

(a) Overshoot increases
(b) Settling time reduces
(c) Steady state error is eliminated
(d) all the above

17
 Electrical Engineering Department
National Institute of Technology Raipur

Question Bank-3
Course: CSE Code: EL105101EL

1(a). Derive the expression for frequency domain specification (resonant peak, resonance
frequency and bandwidth) of a prototype second order system.
(b). Write short note on the correlation between time and frequency domain specifications.

2. Sketch the Bode plot of a closed loop which has the following open loop transfer
function
G(s)H(s)=(2exp(-sT))/(s(1+s)(1+0.5s))
Determine the maximum value of T for the system to be stable.

3. Sketch the inverse Nyquist plot of a feedback system characterized by the open loop
transfer function
G(s)=K/(s(1+0.1s)(1+s))
Find the value of Mr for K=1. By what factor should the gain K be changed so that Mr is
1.4. Determine the value of ω_r
For the new gain setting.

4. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by

G(s)=K/(s(T1s+1)(T2s+1))

Derive an expression for Gain K in terms of T1 and T2 for a pre-defined gain margin

5. Construct the polar plot for the function G(s)H(s) =2(s+1)/s2. Find Gain cross over
frequency, Phase cross over frequency, Gain margin and Phase margin.

7. Sketch the Bode plot and hence find Gain cross over frequency, Phase cross over
frequency, for a system with G(s) = 10(s+3) /s(s+2)(s2+4s+100).

8. Plot the Bode diagram for the following transfer function and obtain the gain and phase
cross over frequencies. G(S) = 10/s(1+0.4s)(1+0.1s)

QUIZ: Related to topic objective and outcome

1. An open-loop transfer function of a unity-feedback control system has two finite zeros,
two poles at origin and two pairs of complex conjugate poles. The slope of high-frequency
asymptote in a Bode magnitude plot will be
(a) 40 dB/decade (b) 0 dB/decade
(c) -40 dB/decade (d) -80 dB/decade.

2. The phase angle for the transfer function

G(s)=1/〖(1+sT)〗^3
at the corner frequency is
18
(a) -45 deg (b) -90 deg
(c) -135 deg (d) -270 deg

3. What is the slope change at ω=10 of the magnitude vs. frequency characteristic of a
unity-feedback
system with the following open-loop transfer function?

G(s)=(5(1+0.1jω))/(jω(1+jω0.5)(1+j0.6 ω/50+(jω/50)^2))
(a) -40 dB/dec to -20 dB/dec (b) 40 dB/dec to 20 dB/dec
(c) -20 dB/dec to -40 dB/dec (d) 40 dB/dec to -20 dB/dec

4. The Bode phase angle plot of a system is shown below

The type of the system is:

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3

5. The Bode plot of the transfer function G(s)=s is:

(a) Zero magnitude and phase shift
(b) Constant magnitude and constant phase-shift angle
(c) 20 dB/decade and phase shift of pi/2
(d) -20 dB/decade and constant phase-shift angle

6. A minimum phase unity-feedback system has a Bode plot with a constant slope of_20
dB/decade for
all frequencies. What is the value of the maximum phase margin for the system?
(a) 0 degree (b) 90 degree
(c) -90 degree (d) 180 degree

7. Consider the following statements associated with phase and gain margins:
i. They are a measure of closeness of the polar plot to the -1+j0 point.
ii. For a non-minimum phase to be stable, it must have positive phase and gain margins.
iii. For a minimum phase system to be stable, both the margin must be positive.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1 alone

8. Consider the following techniques:

1. Bode plot 2. Nyquist plot
3. Nichols plot 4. Routh–Hurwitz criterion
19
Which of these techniques are used to determine the relative stability of a closed-loop
linear system?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4

9. The phase angle of the system

G(s)=((s+5))/((s^2+4s+9))
varies between:
(a) 0 deg and 90 deg (b) 0 deg and-90 deg
(c) 0 deg and -180 deg (d)-90 deg and -180 deg.

10. Which of the following statements is correct in respect of the theory of stability?
(a) Phase margin is the phase angle lagging, in short of 180 deg, at the frequency
corresponding to a
gain of 10.
(b) Gain margin is the value by which the gain falls short of unity, at a frequency
corresponding to
90 deg phase lag.
(c) Routh–Hurwitz criterion can determine the degree of stability.
(d) Gain margin and phase margin are the measure of the degree of stability.

20
 Electrical Engineering Department
National Institute of Technology Raipur

Question Bank-4
Course: CSE Code: EL105101EL

1(a). Enlist the steps for obtaining the root locus of a system
(b). Write short note on the design of proportional controllers using Root Locus.

2. Sketch the Root Locus of a closed loop which has the following open loop transfer
function
G(s)H(s)=(2e^(-sT))/(s(1+s)(1+0.5s))
Determine the maximum value of T for the system to be stable.

3. Draw the root locus of a unity feedback system with the following open loop transfer
function
G(s)H(s)=(K(s^2+s+4))/(s(s+3)(s+10))
For what value of K the damping coefficient is 0.5 for the two dominant poles
What is the approximate value of peak overshoot for the above value of K
Find the closed loop transfer function such that the dominant poles have 2% tolerance
band settling time of 4 seconds.

4. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by

G(s)=K/〖(s+2)〗^3

Sketch the root locus and determine the position error constant corresponding to a
damping ration of 0.5. Also determine the overshoot, peak time and settling time
considering the effect of dominant poles only.

5. Realize lag, lead and lag-lead compensators using passive elements.

Consider a unity feedback system with the following open loop transfer function:
G(s)=K/(s(s+1)(s+4))

The system is to be compensated to meet the following specifications:

Damping ratio=0.5
Settling time =10 s
Velocity error constant ≥ 5 sec-1

7. Consider a unity feedback system with the following open loop transfer function:
G(s)=Kv /(s(s+1))

Design a suitable compensator to meet the following specifications:

Kv =5 sec-1 and phase margin=40 deg

QUIZ: Related to topic objective and outcome

1. For the root locus, the phase angle criterion of is

(a) odd multiple of 180 deg
21
(b) Even multiple of 180 deg
(c) odd multiple of 90 deg
(d) None

2. The root locus of a system has three asymptotes. The system can have
(a) 4 pole and one zero
(b) 3 poles
(c) 5 poles and 2 zeros
(d) All of these

3. Root locus diagram can be used to determine

(a) Conditionally stability
(b) absolute stability
(c) relative stability
(d) none

4. The value of K for which the system s^3+3S^2+3S+1+K=0 is stable is

(a) K=8
(b) K=7
(c) K>7
(d) None

[Link] gain K of the loop transfer function is varied from zero to infinity then the closed
loop system
(a) Stability is improved
(b) always become unstable
(c) Stability is not effected
(d) None of the above

6. The lag compensator is analogous to

(a) P controller
(b) PD controller
(c) PI controller
(d) PID controller

7. The root locus a system does not cross the imaginary axis, it’s gain margin
(a) Zero
(b) Positive
(c) Negative
(d) Infinity

8. A closed loop system compensated by a lead compensator will have

(a) High gain margin
(b) Low margin
(c) Gain margin not effected
(d) None of the above

9. In a lead compensator
22
(a) The pole is nearer to the origin
(b) The zero is nearer to the origin
(c) None of the above

10. The frequency response of a lag-lead compensator, is similar to

(a) Low pass filter
(b) High pass filter
(c) Band stop filter
(d) Band pass filter

23
 Electrical Engineering Department
National Institute of Technology Raipur

Question Bank-5
Course: CSE Code: EL105101EL

Q1: Explain with examples open loop and closed loop control systems. List merits and
demerits of both.
Q2: Compare open loop and closed loop control systems and give one practical example
of each.

Q3: Compare linear and non-linear control systems.

Q4: Define control system. Draw the basic block diagram of a control loop giving all the
relevant details.
Q5:What are the components of feedback control system?
Q6: What are the basic elements used for modelling electrical and mechanical translational
system?
Q7:State Mason Gain rule?
Q8: For what purpose feedback is used in control system? Mention the effects of feedbackon
(i) stability (ii) overall gain (iii) disturbance and (iv) sensitivity of control systems.
Q9:Draw the signal flow graph for the system of equation given below and obtain the
X6 (s)
over all transfer function using MGF
X1 (s)
X2 = G1X1 H1X2 H2X3 H6X6
X3 = G1X1 + G2X2 H3X3
X4 = G2X2 + G3X3 H4X5
X5 = G4X4 H5X6

X6 = G5X5
Q10:Illustrate how to perform the following, in connection with block diagram
reduction rules:
(i) Shifting a take-off point after a summing point.
(ii) Shifting a take-off point before a summing point.

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 Electrical Engineering Department
National Institute of Technology Raipur

Question Bank-6
Course: CSE Code: EL105101EL

Q1: Draw the transient response characteristics of a control system to a unit step input and
define the following terms (i) Delay time, (ii) Rise Time, (iii) Peak Time, (iv) Maximum
overshoot, (v) settling time.

Q2:Derive the expression for peak time tp for a second order system for unit step input.

Q3:The response of a servo mechanism isc(t)= 1+0.2e-60t +1.2e-10t when subjected to a unit
system input. Obtain the expression for closed loop transfer function and determine the
value of damping ratio and undamped natural frequency.
Q4: A unity feedback system given by open-loop transfer function G(s) = . Find out K
(i) the value for s=0.5
(ii) the value of tr and maximum peak overshoot for unit step input.

Q5:The loop transfer function of a feedback control system is given G(s)H(s) =

(i) Determine the static error coefficients.
(ii) Determine the steady state error for the input r(t) = 2t2 + 5t + 10.

Electrical Engineering Department

National Institute of Technology Raipur

Question Bank-7
Course: CSE Code: EL105101EL

Q1: Explain Routh-Hurwitz criterion in stability of a control system. What are the disad-
vantages of RH criterion on stability of control system?

Q2: The characteristics equation for certain feedback control system is given below. Deter-
mine the system is stable or not and find the value of K for a stable system
s + 3Ks2 + (K + 2)s + 4 = 0.
3

Q3:Investigate the stability of the system given by characteristic equation:

s6 + 2s5 + 8s4 + 12s3 + 20s2 + 16s + 16 = 0.

Q4:Define the term stability applied to control system and what is the difference between
absolute stability and relative stability.

Q5:Using Routh’s criterion determine the stability of following systems

(i) Its open-loop transfer function has poles at s = 0, s = 1, s = 3 and zeros at s = 5, and
gain K = 10.
(ii) It is type one system with an error constant of 10/sec and poles at s = 3 and
s =6.

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 Electrical Engineering Department
National Institute of Technology Raipur

Question Bank-4
Course: CSE Code: EL105101EL

Q1:The open-loop transfer function of a feedback control system is G(s)H(s)=

check whether the following points are on the root locus. If so, find the value of K at these
points. (i) s =1.5 (ii) s = 0.5 + j2

Q2: Explain the procedure for investigating the stability using Nyquist criterion.

Q3:Plot the polar plot for the transfer function given G(s) = .

Q4: State the advantages and limitations of frequency domain approach.

Q5: The forward-path transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given by
G(s)=
(i) Find the value of K such that gain margin = 10 dB.
(ii) Find the value of K such that phase margin = 20 dB.

Electrical Engineering Department

National Institute of Technology Raipur

Question Bank-5
Course: CSE Code: EL105101EL

Q1: State the properties of state transition matrix and derive them.

Q2:The transfer function of a control system is given by = obtain the state

model.

Q3: Define the following terms: (i) state (ii) state variables (iii) state space.

Q4:Obtain the Jordan canonical form of presentation for the transfer function
G(s) =
Also draw the corresponding signal flow graph.

Q5:A feedback system is characterized by the closed loop transfer function:

G(s)H(s)=
Obtain the state model.

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