ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit)
INTRODUCTION:
ASIC is an integrated circuit designed for a specific application. It offers high performance,
low power consumption, and compact size but has high design cost and no flexibility after
fabrication.
TYPES OF ASIC:
1. Full Custom ASIC – Fully customized, high performance, expensive.
2. Semi-Custom ASIC – Uses standard cells or gate arrays.
3. Programmable ASIC – Example: FPGA, flexible but lower performance.
ASIC CELL LIBRARY:
Collection of pre-designed logic cells like gates, flip-flops, multiplexers. Includes timing,
power, and area details.
CMOS LOGIC:
Uses PMOS and NMOS transistors. Provides low power consumption and high noise
immunity.
MOS PROCESS:
Steps include oxidation, photolithography, etching, ion implantation, and metallization.
CMOS DESIGN RULES:
Includes lambda-based and micron-based rules. Ensures proper fabrication.
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC:
Output depends only on present inputs. Example: adders, multiplexers.
DATA PATH LOGIC CELL:
Handles arithmetic and logical operations using ALU, registers.
SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CELL:
Depends on past and present inputs. Uses flip-flops and latches.
I/O CELL:
Interface between ASIC and external environment. Provides buffering and protection.
CELL COMPILER:
Tool to automatically generate layout from logic design.