CHAPTER 2
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
AND SYMBOLS
Vivien V. Dimaano, LPT, MaEd
Equation –
a mathematical sentence formed
by placing the symbol = between
two expressions
Inequality –
a mathematical sentence formed
by placing one of the symbols <,
>, ≤, or ≥ between two
expressions
Open Sentence
– an equation or inequality that not
known if either true or
false depending on what values are
used.
Closed Sentence
– an equation or inequality that is
always true or false.
Solution to an Equation –a number
that makes the sentence true
•Equations:
•Have ONLY ONE Solution!
Solution to an Inequality – a number
or set of numbers that makes the sentence true
• INEQUALITIES:
• HAVE MANY SOLUTIONS!!!!!
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
When variables are used with other
numbers, parentheses, or operations, they
create an algebraic expression
WHAT IS A VARIABLE?
A variable is a letter or symbol that
represents an unknown value.
WHAT ARE COEFFICIENTS?
A coefficient is the number multiplied
by the variable in an algebraic
expression.
WHAT ARE CONSTANT?
a fixed value that does not change in a
mathematical expression or equation.
WHAT IS A TERM?
A term is the name given to a number, a
variable, or a number and a variable
combined by multiplication or division.
• MONOMIAL
– expression consisting of one term
• BINOMIAL
-expression consisting of two terms
• TRINOMIAL
- expression consisting of three
terms
• POLYNOMIAL - expression consisting of four or
more terms
KEY WORDS TO LOOK FOR:
• ADDITION: • SUBTRACTION:
• ADD • MINUS
• PLUS • DIFFERENCE
• SUM • SUBTRACT
• TOTAL • LESS THAN
• INCREASED BY • DECREASED BY
• MORE THAN • LESS
CONT…
• DIVISION
• MULTIPLICATION
• QUOTIENT
• PRODUCT
• DIVIDE
• TIMES
• DIVIDED BY
• MULTIPLY
• THE RATIO OF
WRITE EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES
Symbol Meaning Associated
Words
= is equal to; The same as
equals;
is
< is less than is fewer than
> is greater than Is more than
≤ is less than or equal At most;
to no more than
≥ is greater than or At least;
equal to no less than
EXAMPLE 1 Write equations and inequalities
Verbal Sentence Equation or Inequality
a. The difference of twice a
number k and 8 is 12. 2k – 8 = 12
b. The product of 6 and a
number n is at least 24. 6n ≥ 24
GUIDED PRACTICE
c. A number y is no less than
5 and no more than 13.
5 ≤ y ≤ 13
d. The quotient of a number p and 12
is at least 30.
P > 30
–
12
(p÷12) ≥30
MARKER’S OUT!!!!
1. The difference of a number and
seven decreased by five is equal to
fifty-eight.
2. Half the sum of twice a number and
three is equal to sixteen.
3. Three more than twice the sum of a
number and six is eighteen.
4. Three more than twice the sum of a
number and six is eighteen.
5. The product of five and the sum of a
number and one diminished by the product
of a number and negative three is twenty-
nine.
11. x take away five is less than eight
12. If five times a number us decrease by
twelve, the difference is at least nine.
MARKER’S OUT!!!!
1. A number less 12
2. The difference of six and
four diminished by seven is
equal to three
3. The ratio of the sum of nine
and five and seven is two.
4. The quotient of twenty-one
and five less two is seven.
5. One fourth of a number
less two is five.
6. Sixty percent of a number
is fifteen.
7. 12x = 10 - 2
10. 6(12-4x) = 48
11. Four times a number plus
ten all over 3 is at least 11 of
the same number
12. The ratio of a number and
seventy-five is no less than fifty-
four and twice another number