Suitable for Madāris, Primary and Secondary Schools,
youth in general and all Muslims at large
SHAFI‘I ‘ILM AL-HAL
An Illustrated Concise Manual of Basic Islamic
Teachings in the Shāfi‘ī Madhhab
Fazilet Publishing / 201
SHAFI‘I
‘ILM AL-HAL
Preparation
Fazilet Publishing Research Team
Graphic Design
Çamlıca Graphic Department
Printing and Binding
Çamlıca Basım Yayın ve Tic. A.Ş.
Printing Certificate No: 46592
ISBN
978-625-8027-14-3
First Edition
Istanbul 2022
Contact Details
Bağlar Mah. Mimar Sinan Cad.
No: 54 Güneşli - Bağcılar / İSTANBUL
Contact Number: 0212 657 88 00
[Link]
bilgi@[Link]
©All rights reserved by Çamlıca Basım Yayın ve Tic. A.Ş. Fazilet Publishing is a
subsidiary of Çamlıca Basım Yayın ve Tic. A.Ş.
Suitable for Madāris, Primary and Secondary Schools,
youth in general and all Muslims at large
SHAFI‘I ‘ILM AL-HAL
An Illustrated Concise Manual of Basic Islamic
Teachings in the Shāfi‘ī Madhhab
CONTENTS
Preface...................................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Dīn, Īmān..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
1-Belief in Allāh...............................................................................................................................................................................14
2-Belief in Angels...........................................................................................................................................................................16
3 - Belief in Allāh Ta‘ālā’s Books........................................................................................................................18
4 - Belief in Prophets...............................................................................................................................................................20
We Must Know Our Prophet (sallallāhu ‘alayhi wa sallam) Well.......................22
5- Belief in Ākhirah (Hereafter)............................................................................................................................29
6- Belief in Qadar: (Divine Decree).................................................................................................................31
Al-Madhāhib (Schools of Islam)...............................................................................................................................32
Al-Af‘Āl Al-Mukallafīn.............................................................................................................................................................35
Essential Articles of Islam..............................................................................................................................................37
The Ādāb (Etiquettes) of Toilet..................................................................................................................................38
Miswāk (siwāk)....................................................................................................................................................................................39
Wuḍū....................................................................................................................................................................................................................40
Mufsidāt (invalidators) of wuḍū are six..........................................................................................................41
Illustrated Description of How to Perform Wuḍū............................................................................43
Ghusl...................................................................................................................................................................................................................53
Masah (Wiping) over Khuffayn (Leather Socks).............................................................................55
Tayammum..................................................................................................................................................................................................57
Situations Particular to Females.................................................................................................................................62
Salāh...................................................................................................................................................................................................................64
The Five Makruh (disliked) Times to Perform Salāh................................................................65
Adhān (Call to Prayer)..............................................................................................................................................................66
Iqāmah..............................................................................................................................................................................................................67
Farḍ Salāh (Prayers)...................................................................................................................................................................68
Nāfilah Salāh (Prayers)...........................................................................................................................................................68
5
Some Sūrahs and Du‘ās Recited Within Salāh:................................................................................72
The Du‘ā of Iftitaḥ.........................................................................................................................................................................72
Sūrah Fātiḥah al-Sharīfah..................................................................................................................................................73
Sūrah al-Inshirāh.............................................................................................................................................................................74
Sūrah al-Qadr........................................................................................................................................................................................75
Āyah al-Kursī.........................................................................................................................................................................................76
Sūrah al-Fīl...............................................................................................................................................................................................77
Sūrah al-Quraysh.............................................................................................................................................................................77
Sūrah al-Māūn......................................................................................................................................................................................78
Sūrah al-Kawthar............................................................................................................................................................................79
Sūrah al-Kāfirūn................................................................................................................................................................................79
Sūrah al-Nasr.........................................................................................................................................................................................80
Sūrah al-Lahab....................................................................................................................................................................................81
Sūrah al-Ikhlās.....................................................................................................................................................................................81
Sūrah al-Falaq.....................................................................................................................................................................................82
Sūrah al-Nās............................................................................................................................................................................................83
Du‘ā of Taḥiyyāt................................................................................................................................................................................83
Salawāt al-Sharīfah......................................................................................................................................................................84
Du‘ā of Qunūt.......................................................................................................................................................................................85
There Are Five Pre-Conditions Before Starting Salāh............................................................86
The Arkān (Essential Elements) of Salāh Are Eighteen........................................................87
The Sunnah Acts of Salāh...................................................................................................................................................88
The Ab‘ād Sunnah Acts of Salāh.............................................................................................................................88
The Hay’āt Sunnah Acts of Salāh...........................................................................................................................90
The Makruh (Disliked) Acts for Salāh.............................................................................................................92
Eleven Acts That Nullify Salāh..................................................................................................................................95
Sajdah al-Sahw is performed in five instances...................................................................................96
Illustrations That Show the Performance
of Salāh for Males and Females.................................................................................................................................97
Salāh in Jamā‘ah (Congregation)....................................................................................................................... 118
Qaḍā Salāh (Making Up the Missed Prayers).................................................................................. 118
Shortening the Salāh (Prayers)................................................................................................................................ 119
6
IMPORTANT NOTE
Dear Reader,
In this work are included some sūrahs (chapters), āyāt (verses) and
du‘ās (supplications) in Arabic along with their transliteration in the Latin
alphabet. This is done reluctantly to enable those unfamiliar with the
Arabic alphabet to begin reciting and memorising the texts with no delays.
Nevertheless, writing them accurately in the Latin alphabet is almost
impossible for correct recitation. Once our readers learn their recitation
on their own using transliteration, they are strongly advised to learn their
correct pronunciation from a qualified teacher.
Some of the Guidelines to Recite Sūrahs and Du‘ās Correctly in
Their Transliterations:
ā : pronounced with an empty mouth and elongation such as “Bismillāhi.”
ū : pronounced with an empty mouth and elongation such as “Innahū, lahū.”
ī : pronounced with an empty mouth and elongation such as “Hamīdun, ‘ilmihī.”
Signs of prolongation: ā-ū-ī (indicates one vowel count)
)ء: (’) Hamza. Example “Lā ta’khudhuhū, bi-shay’in.”
)ع: (‘) ‘Ayn. Example “Iyyāka na‘budu wa iyyāka nasta‘īn.”
Gh : ( )غGhayn. Example “Ghayri, faraghta.”
Ḍ : ( )ضḌād. Example “Anqaḍa, taḍlīl, faḍīlata.”
Kh : ( )خKhi. Emerges from the throat. Example “Khalfahum, khawf.”
Th : ( )ثTha. Interdental sound. Example “Kawthar, thanā’uk.”
Dh : ( )ذDhāl. Interdental sound. Example “Alladhī.”
Ẓ : ( )ظẒi. Interdental sound. Example “Aẓīm, ẓahrak.”
CAUTION: Readers must handle this book with the utmost respect and
not place it at low places or throw it down since it includes some sacred
texts such as āyāt (verses) of the Holy Qur’ān, ahādīth al-sharīf and du‘ās
(supplications). You are kindly requested to keep this critical point in mind
at all times..
8
ين ِ ِِ
َ اَ ْل َح ْم ُد ل َر ِّب ا ْل َعا َلم
النب ِِی ْال ُ ِّم ِی
َّ َو َص َّلی اهللُ َع ٰلى سي ِِدنا محم ٍد
َ ّ َ ُ َ َّ ِن
ّ ِ ّ ِِ ِ ِِ
ين
َ ين َو َص َح َابته اَ ْج َمع َ َِو ٰاله ال َّطاهر
PREFACE
Our Nabī Muhammad Musṭafā (sallallāhu ‘alayhi wa
sallam) said: “To seek knowledge is farḍ (obligatory)
upon every male and female Muslim.”
The knowledge each Muslim is held liable to acquire
as farḍ al-‘ayn (individual obligation) is the ‘Ilm al-Hāl.
This Shāfi‘ī ‘Ilm al-Hāl book consists of chapters on
salāh, zakāh, fasting and hajj compiled from the book titled
“Ghāyah al-Ikhtisār” by Qādī Abū Shujā‘ (raḥmatullāhi
‘alayhi) (d: 593 AH -1196 CE), a reliable and renowned
source of the Shāfi‘ī Madhhab. The information on aqā’id
(creed) was compiled from the booklet titled ‘’Aqīdah al-
Īmān’’ by Ibrahim Hakki Erzurumī (quddisa sirruhu).
Success comes from Allāh Ta‘ālā.
Fazilet Publishing
9
DĪN (RELIGION)
Our dīn, Islam, is a system of divine law. If a person
of sound mind chooses it as a way of life using their free
will, it will lead them to happiness and success both in
this world and the hereafter.
All the religions, except Islam, have been deformed
and altered. Even if they had not been changed, it would
not be permissible to follow them today because their
ahkām (rulings) have been abrogated by Islam that
Nabī (sallallāhu ‘alayhi wa sallam) brought. Islam will
continue to exist until the Day of Qiyāmah (Judgement).
ĪMĀN
Īmān is to believe everything our Nabī (sallallāhu
‘alayhi wa sallam) brought and everything which are
categorically known to be of the dīn. This affirmation
includes both al-Īmān al-Mujmal (The Summary
Declaration of Faith) and al-Īmān al-Mufassal (The
Detailed Declaration of Faith).
Al-Īmān al-Mujmal:
ِ ِاهلل و بِما ج ٓاء ِمن ِعن ِد
اهلل ِ
ْ ْ َ َ َ َ تب ُ ٰا َم ْن
ِ ول
اهلل ِ ول
ِ اهلل و بِما ج ٓاء ِمن ِع ْن ِد رس ِ ت بِرس
َُ ْ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ ٰا َم ْن
11
Transliteration: Āmantu billāhi wa bimā jā’a min
‘indillāh. Āmantu birasūlillāhi wa bimā jā’a min ‘indi
Rasūlillāh.
Translation:
I believe in Allāh and everything that comes from
Allāh, and I believe in Rasūlullāh and everything that
comes from Rasūlullāh.
Al-Īmān al-Mufassal:
ِال ِخر ِ ٰامنت ب
ٰ ْ ِاهلل َو َم ٰل ِئ َك ِت ۪ه َو ُك ُتب ِ۪ه َو ُر ُس ِل ۪ه َوا ْل َي ْو ِم ُ َْ
ث َب ْع َد ا ْل َم ْو ِت ِ وبِا ْل َقدرِ َخيرِ ۪ه و َشرِ ۪ه ِمن
ُ اهلل َت َعا ٰلى َوا ْل َب ْع َ ّ َ ْ َ َ
َح ٌّق اَ ْش َه ُد اَ ْن ٰل ِا ٰل َه ِا َّل اهللُ َواَ ْش َه ُد اَ َّن
ِ ول
اهلل ُ ُم َح َّم ًدا َر ُس
Transliteration:
Āmantu billāhi wa malā’ikatihī wa kutubihī wa
rusulihī wa’l-yawmi’l-ākhiri wa bi’l-qadari, khayrihī
wa sharrihī minallāhi Ta‘ālā wa’l-ba‘thu ba‘da’l-mawti
ḥaqqun ashhadu an lā ilāha illallāh wa ashhadu anna
Muḥammadan Rasūlullāh.
Translation: I believe in
1) Allāh Ta‘ālā
2) His angels
12
3) His books
4) His Prophets
5) The Day of Qiyāmah, and
6) Qadar, meaning the good and evil of destiny, occur
through Allāh Ta‘ālā’s creation.
Resurrection after death is haqq (true). I bear witness
that there is none worthy of worship, except Allāh and I
bear witness that Muhammad Musṭafā (sallallāhu ‘alayhi
wa sallam) is His Rasūl.
Whoever denies any of these articles of Īmān (faith)
will have denied them all.
13
1- BELIEF IN ALLĀH
It is farḍ upon every mukallaf (responsible) person to
know the wājib (necessary), muhāl (impossible) and jā‘iz
(permissible) aspects about Allāh in summary and detail.
Allāh Ta‘ālā is perfect with all His Attributes and free
from all imperfect attributes.
There are twenty wājib attributes of Allāh Ta‘ālā that
we need to know
Sifāt al-Nafsiyyah: 1- Wujūd: To exist.
1- Qidam: He is infinitely
pre-eternal; His existence is
without a beginning.
2- Baqā: He is Everlasting;
His existence is without an end.
Ṣifāt al-Salbiyyah:1 3- Mukhālafatun lil Hawādith:
He is unlike the created.
4- Qiyām bi-Nafsihī:
To be self-existent.
He exists by Himself; He does
not need anything or anybody in
His existence.
5- Waḥdāniyyah:
He is One and Only.
1 The Attributes of Allāh Ta‘ālā that have no opposites. It is impossible
to describe Allāh Ta‘ālā with attributes opposite to these.
14
Ṣifāt al-Ma‘ānī:2 1-Qudrah: Power,
He has absolute power
over all things.
2-Irādah:
Will, He has absolute will.
He has Divine Determination,
so He does whatever
He wishes and in whatever
manner He wishes.
3-‘Ilm: Knowledge. He is the
All-Knowing One.
4-Ḥayāt: Life, He is ever-living.
5-Sami‘: Hearing,
He hears everything.
6-Baṣar: Seeing,
He sees everything.
7-Kalām: Speech.
Ṣifāt al-Mā‘nawiyyah:3 1-Qādir: He has power
over all things.
2-Murīd: He has absolute Will.
3-‘Ālim: He knows everything.
4-Ḥayy: He is always alive.
5-Sami‘: He is All-Hearing.
6-Baṣīr: He is All-Seeing.
7-Mutakallim: He speaks.
2 The meanings that exist on the essence of Allāh Subḥānahū.
3 The existence of Ṣifat al-Ma‘ānī with the Essence of Allāh Ta‘ālā .
15
2- BELIEF IN ANGELS
It is wājib (required) to believe in angels. They have
been created from nūr (light). They are gentle and spiritual
creatures that can take any form they wish. They have a
high level of knowledge and are extremely powerful in
carrying out even the most demanding tasks. They have
no genders. They do not eat, drink, sleep or get married.
They are honourable servants of Allāh Ta‘ālā, and only
Allāh Ta‘ālā knows their exact number.
The Names and Duties of the Angels That
are Wājib to learn:
Jibrā’īl (‘alayhis salām): In charge of waḥy (revelation).
Mīkā’l (‘alayhis salām): In charge of rizq (sustenance).
Isrāfīl (‘alayhis salām): In charge of blowing the sūr
(horn).
Azrā’īl (‘alayhis salām): In charge of taking souls
(angel of death).
Munkar and Nakīr: In charge of questioning the
deceased in their graves.
Mālik: The guardian of Jahannam (Hell).
Riḍwān: The guardian of Jannah (Paradise).
Hamalah al-Arsh: The eight angels in charge of carrying
the ‘Arsh al-A‘lā (Divine Throne).
16
Every human being is accompanied by two angels who
are charged to record their deeds. One is called Raqīb, and
the other Atīd (‘alayhimas salām).
Anyone who denies the existence of angels or any one
of the information mentioned above about them will go
out of the fold of Islam, and they will be doomed to the
eternal punishment of Jahannam (Hell).
17
3- BELIEF IN ALLĀH TA‘ĀLĀ’S
BOOKS
Allāh Ta‘ālā sent scriptures to some of His prophets
through Jibrā’īl (‘alayhis salām) to convey His commands
and prohibitions.
Allāh Ta‘ālā revealed to some of His prophets al-Kutub
(books) and al-Suḥuf (scrolls) to some others. Totally,
they are one hundred and four.
Hundred Scrolls (al-Suḥuf) were revealed to the
following prophets:
Ten Suḥuf to Nabī Ādam (‘alayhis salām),
Fifty Suḥuf to Nabī Shīth (‘alayhis salām),
Thirty Suḥuf to Nabī Idrīs (‘alayhis salām),
Ten Suḥuf to Nabī Ibrāhīm (‘alayhis salām),
The four divine books (al-Kutub) were revealed to the
following prophets:
1-The Tawrāh to Nabī Mūsā (‘alayhis salām),
2-The Zabūr to Nabī Dāwūd (‘alayhis salām),
3-The Injīl to Nabī ‘Īsā (‘alayhis salām),
4- The Qur’ān al-Karīm to our Nabī, Muhammad
Musṭafā (sallallāhu ‘alayhi wa sallam).
Allāh Ta‘ālā has promised to preserve the Qur’ān al-
Karīm that is why it cannot be changed or altered in any
18