Class 10 Mathematics Formula Sheet
Class 10 Mathematics
Comprehensive Formula Sheet
Sparking Pathshala, Faridabad
Prepared by: Govind Mallik
1. Real Numbers 4. Quadratic Equations
Fundamental Theorem Roots & Discriminant
For any two positive integers a and b: Standard Form: ax2 + bx + c = 0
HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b) = a × b Quadratic
√ Formula:
2
x = −b± 2ab −4ac
Discriminant (D): D = b2 − 4ac
1. D > 0: Two distinct real roots.
2. Polynomials 2. D = 0: Two equal real roots.
3. D < 0: No real roots.
Zeroes Coefficients
For a quadratic polynomial ax2 +bx+
c: 5. Arithmetic Progres-
Let zeroes be α and β. sions
Sum of zeroes: α + β = − ab
Product of zeroes: αβ = ac AP Formulas
Formation of Polynomial:
First term = a, Common difference =
x2 − (Sum of zeroes)x + (Product)
d
x2 − (α + β)x + αβ
General Term (nth term):
an = a + (n − 1)d
Sum of First n Terms:
Sn = n2 [2a + (n − 1)d]
3. Pair of Linear Equa- Alternatively: Sn = n2 [a + l] (where l
tions is the last term)
Consistency Conditions
For a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and 6. Coordinate Geometry
a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0:
Unique Solution (Intersecting Distance & Section Rules
lines): Distance Formula:
a1
a2
̸= bb21 p
d = (x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2
Infinitely Many (Coincident Section Formula (Internal divi-
lines): sion m1 : m2 ):
a1
a2
= bb21 = cc12 x = m1mx21 +m 2 x1
, y = m1my21 +m 2 y1
+m2 +m2
No Solution (Parallel lines): Mid-point Formula:
a1
a2
= bb21 ̸= cc12 x = x1 +x 2
, y = y1 +y 2
2 2
Prepared by: Govind Mallik — Sparking Pathshala, Faridabad Page 1
Class 10 Mathematics Formula Sheet
7. Trigonometry 9. Statistics
Ratios & Identities Grouped Data
In right △ ABC (right angled at B): Mean (x̄): P
sin θ = Perpendicular
Hypotenuse
csc θ = sin1 θ Direct Method: Pffi xi i
Base
cos θ = Hypotenuse sec θ = cos1 θ Mode:
1 −f0
l + 2f1f−f ×h
tan θ = Perpendicular
Base
cot θ = tan1 θ 0 −f2
Identities: Median:
N
−cf
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 l+ 2f ×h
1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ Empirical Relationship:
1 + cot2 θ = csc2 θ 3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean
8. Areas Related to Cir- 10. Probability
cles Events
Number of favorable outcomes
Sectors & Segments P (E) = Total number of possible outcomes
0 ≤ P (E) ≤ 1
Circumference: 2πr
P (E) + P (not E) = 1
Area of Circle: πr2
Area of Sector (angle θ):
θ
360◦
× πr2
Length of Arc:
θ
360◦
× 2πr
Prepared by: Govind Mallik — Sparking Pathshala, Faridabad Page 2