PYTHO
N
NOTES…
..
WHAT IS
PYTHON ?
PYTHON IS A WIDELY USED GENERAL
PURPOSE , HIGH LEVEL
,INTERPRETED,OBJECT ORIENTED ,
DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
WHICH IS DEVLOPED BY “GUIDO VAN
RUSSOM”.IT WAS DEVELOPED IN
EARLY 90’S (1991) AT NATIONAL
RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF
MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER IN
NETHERLANDS.
PYTHON 1.0 WAS RELEASED IN 1994.
PYTHON 2.0 WAS RELEASED IN 2000
WITH MORE FEATURES .
PYTHON 3.0 WAS RELEASED IN 2008
WITH TESTING AND MORE NEW
FEATURES.
WHA
T ARE
THE
FEAT
URES
OR
CHAR
ACTE
RISTI
CS OF
PYTH
ON?
OBJECT
ORIENTED :
PYTHON IS A OBJECT
ORIENTED
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE AS IT USES
CONCEPT OF OOPS
LIKE (ABSTRACTION ,
ENCAPSULATION ,
POLYMORPHISM
,CLASS ,OBJECT ETC.
BEGINNE
RS
LANGUA
GE :
PYTHON IS
CONSIDER
ED AS
BEGINNER
S
LANGUAG
E AS IT
HAS
SIMPLE
SYNTAX
AND
BEGINNER
S CAN
EASILY
LEARN IT.
COMPLE
TE
LANGUA
GE :
PYTHON
IS
CONSIDE
RED AS
COMPLET
E
LANGUA
GE
BECAUSE
IT
SUPPORT
S
MULTIPLE
PROGRA
MMING
PARADIG
MS .
PORTABLE :
PYTHON IS A
PORTABLE
LANGUAGE
BECAUSE WE
CAN RUN IT
ON VARIOUS
PLATEFORM.
EASY TO
DEBUG: WE
CAN EASILY
DEBUG
MAJOR
PROBLEMS
AND ISSUES
QUICKLY AS
IT HAS
SIMPLE
SYNTAX
WITHOUT
MUCH
COMPLEXITY
.
INTERPRET
ED : THERE
IS NO NEED
TO
COMPILE
PYTHON
CODE AS IT
USES
INTERPRETE
R . THE
SOURCE
CODE IS
CONVERTE
D INTO
IMMIEDIAT
E FORM
CALLED
BYTE CODE .
SOURCE
CODE >
BYTE CODE
>PVM(PYTH
ON
VIRTUAL
MACHINE )
PYTHON
INTERPRETE
R INVOLVES
TWO
MODES:
[Link]
TIVE
[Link]
MODE
GENERALLY
INTERACTIV
E MODE IS
USED
WHEN
CODE IS
SHORT LIKE
2 TO 4
LINES OF
CODE AND
SCRIPT
MODE IS
USED
WHEN WE
NEED TO
WRITE
LARGE
CODE.
LARGE
STANDAR
D LIBRARY:
PYTHON
HAS LARGE
SET OF
MODULES
SO WITH
THIS
FEATURE
WE DON’T
HAVE TO
WRITE
EVERY
SINGLE
THING.
DYNAMIC
LANGUAG
E :INT,
FLOAT,
DOUBLE,
LONG,ETC
FOR A
VARIABLE
ARE
DECIDED AT
RUNTIME
NOT IN
ADVANCE ,
USING THIS
FEATURES
WE DON’T
HAVE TO
SPECIFY
THE TYPE
OF DATA TO
VARIABLE.
PYTHON INSTALLATION?
STEP1: SELECT VERSION OF PYTHON TO INSTALL.
STEP2: INSTALL PYTHON EXECUTABLE INSTALLER .
STEP3: RUN PYTHON EXECUTABLE INSTALLER
STEP4:VERVIFY PYTHON WAS INSTALLED IN WINDOWS.
STEP5:SET PATH OF PYTHON FROM ENVIORNMENT VARIABLE.
STEP6:WRITE YOUR FIRST PYTHON PROGRAM AND RUN IT.
WHAT ARE KEYWORDS?
KEYWORDS ARE RERSERVED WORDS THERE MEANING IS ALREADY DEFINED IN PYTHON MODULES .
AS PER VERSION PYTHON 3.11 THERE ARE TOTAL 35 KEYWORDS IN PYTHON.
WHAT ARE VARIABLES ?
A VARIABLE IS THE NAME OF MEMORY LOCATION, IT IS USED FOR STORING
THE INFORMATION AND DATA . ITS VALUE CAN BE ALTERED AND REUSED
SEVERAL TIMES. IT IS A SIMPLE WAY TO REPRESENT MEMORY LOCATION WITH
THE HELP SYMBOLS TO MAKE IDENTIFICATION EASY.
VARIABLE NAMING CONVENTIONS OR RULES…….
A VARIABLE MUST START WITH AN ALPHABET.
A VARIABLE IS THE COMBINATION OF ALPHABETS, DIGITS , UNDERSCORE .
NO SYMBOL OTHER THAN UNDERSCORE IS ALLOWED .
NO COMMA AND BLANK SPACES ARE ALLOWED.
NO KEYWORD CAN BE USED AS A VARIABLE.
ASSINGNING MULTIPLE VALUES TO VARIABLE:
A=4,2.5,’C’
ASSINGNING SAME VALUE TO MULTIPLE VARIABLES:
A=B=C=4
WHAT ARE IDENTIFIERS ?
IT IS THE NAMING OF FUNCTIONS , VARIABLES, ARRAYS,[Link] IS ALSO
KNOWN AS USER DEFINED WORDS WHICH ARE USED TO IDENTIFY VARIABLES
AND FUNCTIONS ETC.(WRITE SAME RULES OF IDENTIFIER AS GIVEN ABOVE)
WHAT ARE CONSTANTS?
CONSTANTS ARE NOTHING BUT CAN BE ANY CHARACTER,DIGIT,STRING.
CONSTANT IS AN ENTITY THAT CANNOT BE CHANGED DURING PROGRAM
EXECUTION WHERE AS VARIABLE IS AN ENTITY THAT CAN BE CHANGED
DURING PROGRAM EXECUTION.
WHAT IS DATATYPE?
Data type specifies the type of data to be used , generally the data stored in
memory can be of many types. For example, a student roll number is stored as a
numeric value and his or her address is stored as alphanumeric characters.
Python has various standard data types:
Basic : int , float,Boolean&string.
Container type: list, tuple,sets, dictionary.
User defined:class
Int:
Int, or integer, is a whole number, positive or negative, without decimals, of
unlimited length.
Ex: print(254+2)
256
print(20)
20
a=10
print(a)
10
# To verify the type of any object in Python, use the type() function:
type(10)
<class 'int'>
a=11
print(type(a))
<class 'int'>
Float:
Float, or "floating point number" is a number, positive or negative, containing
one or more decimals.
Float can also be scientific numbers with an "e" to indicate the power of 10.
Ex: y=2.8
2.8
y=2.8
print(type(y))
<class 'float'>
type(.4)
<class 'float'>
2.
Boolean:
Objects of Boolean type may have one of two values, True or False:
Ex: type(True)
<class 'bool'>
type(False)
<class 'bool'>
String:
1. Strings in Python are identified as a contiguous set of characters represented
in the quotation marks. Python allows for either pairs of single or double
quotes.
• 'hello' is the same as "hello".
• Strings can be output to screen using the print function. For example:
print("hello").
Ex:print("mrcet college")
mrcet college
type("mrcet college")
<class 'str'>
print('mrcet college')
mrcet college