The diagram illustrates the process of manufacturing the leather products from animal skins.

Overall, this
process involves multiple stages, starting from drying the animal skin, followed by processing to ultimately
making various leather goods for a sale.

The initial stage begins with drying the animal skin and then transported to a factory. Once arriving at the
factory, the skin undergoes a washing process using a mixture of water and lime. Following this, the skin is
soaked in a lime solution to prepare it for the subsequent stages.
After soaking, the skin is subjected to process through a flattening machine to ensure uniform thickness.
Subsequently, the skin is soaked again, this time in a tannin solution composed of water and vegetable matter
to enhance its durability, color, and texture. Once soaked, the skin experiences a polishing phase to smooth
its surface.
The polished leather is finally transported back to the factory, where it is fashioned into various leather
products such as shoes, bags, and balls so as to sell them.
169 words – a band 8.0+
The diagram illustrates the detailed process of preparing fish for retail sale in a fish shop, involving multiple
stages from catching the fish to its final distribution to shops.
Initially, the process begins with the fish being caught from the sea. Following the catch, the fish are
transported by boat to the port where they are frozen to preserve freshness.
The frozen fish are then thawed before being submerged in fresh water. This is followed by a procedure
where the fish are cut open to prepare them for the next stages. After cutting, the fish are subjected to a
mixture of salt water and yellow coloring, which presumably serves to enhance both flavor and appearance.
Subsequently, the fish undergo a smoking process to make a flavor and further preserve its quality. After
that, the fish are again frozen at a temperature of zero to ensure they remain in optimal condition during
storage. These frozen fish are then placed in a cold storage until they are ready to be distributed.
In the final stage, the fish are transported to fish shops where they are sold to customers.

186 words | a band 8.0

 PROCESS INSTRUCTIONS
Introduction
Step 1: Paraphrase the task prompt
- Start by rephrasing the information given in the task prompt. Avoid using the exact words from the question.
Example:
- Task Prompt: "The diagram details the process of making leather products."
- Introduction: "The diagram illustrates the various stages involved in the production of leather goods."

Overview
Step 2: Provide an overview
- Summarize the main stages or the overall process without going into too much detail. Mention the number
of stages and highlight any significant features.
Example:
- "Overall, the process comprises several stages, beginning with the collection of raw materials and
culminating in the distribution of finished leather products.

Body Paragraphs
Step 3: Describe the process in detail
- Divide the process into clear stages and describe each stage in separate paragraphs. Use sequencing words
to show the order of steps.

Paragraph 1: Initial stages

- Describe the first few steps of the process.
Example:
- "Initially, animal skins are dried to remove moisture. Once dried, these skins are transported to a factory
where they undergo a thorough washing process using a mixture of water and lime."

**Paragraph 2: Intermediate stages**

- Describe the middle steps of the process.
Example:
- "Following this, the cleaned skins are soaked in a tannin solution made from water and vegetable matter to
enhance their texture. The soaked skins are then passed through a flattening machine to ensure uniform
thickness."

**Paragraph 3: Final stages**

- Describe the concluding steps of the process.
Example:
- Subsequently, the flattened skins are polished to achieve a smooth surface. The polished leather is then
transported back to the factory, where it is cut and shaped into various products, including shoes and bags.
Finally, these products are packaged and distributed to retail stores for sale.

PROCESS USEFUL LANGUAGE

Introduction
- The diagram /flowchart depicts/shows/illustrates/describes the process of...
- The diagram provides an overview of the steps involved in...
- The diagram demonstrates how [something] is produced/created/recycled/prepared...

Introduction

- The diagram details the process of making leather products.

- The diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the process involved in preparing fish
for retail sale.
- The diagram illustrates the detailed process of recycling glass bottles.

Starting the Process

The process begins with...
The initial stage involves...
At the outset...
To start with...
 Sequencing
- Initially / First / First of all - After that / Afterwards / Then
- To begin with / At the beginning - In the subsequent stage / In the next step
- Subsequently / Next / Following this - Eventually / Finally / In the final stage

Intermediate Steps
The next step is... The process continues with...
In the subsequent phase... Once this step is completed...
This is followed by... At this point, ...
After this stage...

Sequencing

- Initially, the animal skin is dried.

- First, the fish are caught from the sea.
- To begin with, wasted glass bottles are collected from designated collection points.
- Following this, the fish undergo a smoking process.
- Subsequently, the bottles are sorted based on their color.
- Eventually, the polished leather is transported back to the factory.
- Finally, the recycled liquid glass is shaped into new bottles.

Final Stages

 In the final stage...  The last step involves...

 To conclude the process...  Upon completion...
 Ultimately...  Finally, ..

Detailing Actions
...is/are collected/gathered - ...is/are sorted/classified based on...
- ...is/are transported/moved to... - ...is/are melted/shaped/formed into...
- ...is/are subjected to/undergoes/experiences a - ...is/are packaged/stored/distributed
process of...
- ...is/are sold/displayed in...
- ...is/are treated with/processed using...
...is/are inserted into...
- ...is/are cleaned/washed ...is/are passed through..
 Actions

- The skin undergoes a washing process.

- The fish are transported by boat to the port.
- The glass pieces are sent to a glass factory.
- The bottles are cleaned using high-pressure water.
- The fish are immersed in a solution of salt water and yellow coloring.

Describing Tools/Methods
- ...using a mixture of... ...using advanced technology...
- ...by means of... ...employing specialized equipment...
- ...through the use of... ...with the aid of machinery...
- ...with the help of... ...utilizing automated systems...
- ...utilizing a combination of... ...through manual labor...

Describing Conditions
- ...at a temperature of... ...in an environment of...
- ...for a duration of... ...for a period of...
- ...under high pressure... ...to a thickness of...
- ...in a solution of... ...until it reaches a consistency of...
- ...until it reaches... ...in varying sizes of...
...at a pressure of... ...under controlled conditions...

Describing Conditions

- The fish are frozen to preserve freshness.

- The glass is melted in a furnace at 600°C to 800°C.
- The skin is soaked in a tannin solution composed of water and vegetable matter.
 Purpose, Result, Cause.
- ...in order to... - ...causing it to...
- ...so that it can be... ...so as to...

- ...which results in... ...to ensure that...

...which allows for...
- ...leading to...

Cause and Effect

- After smoking, the fish are frozen to maintain their quality.

- The polished leather is then shaped into various products, including shoes and bags.
- This comprehensive process ensures that the fish maintain their quality.

Additional Details
- Once completed, ...
- Following this, ...
- Prior to this, ...
- Simultaneously, ...
- Meanwhile, ...

Additional Details
- Once completed, the leather is ready for crafting.
- Following this, the fish are sold to customers.
- Prior to distribution, the fish are stored in cold storage.