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Lecture 8: © coderMind
Iteration Statements (Loops) in Java

Magic! ✨
📌 Lecture Overview
• What are Iteration Statements? • For Loop & Internal Working
• Why Loops are Needed • Infinite For Loops
• While Loop & Infinite Loops • Multiple Variables & Conditions
• Do-While Loop • Nested Loops
• While vs Do-While • Loop Best Practices

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• Menu Driven Programs • Interview Questions

1️⃣ What are Iteration Statements?

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Iteration Statements are used to execute a block of code repeatedly . Commonly known

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as: Loops

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Why Do We Need Loops?

Imagine you want to print numbers from 1 to 10.

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Without Loops With Loops (Solution!)
[Link](1); for(int i=1; i<=10; i++) {
[Link](2); [Link](i);
[Link](3); }
...

❌ Repetitive
❌ Difficult to maintain
❌ Inefficient
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2️⃣ Types of Loops in Java © coderMind
Java provides three main loops:

Iteration Statements
│
├── While Loop
├── Do-While Loop
└── For Loop

3️⃣ While Loop

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The simplest loop in Java.

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Syntax
Flow of While Loop
while(condition) { Condition Check

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// code
↓
}

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True ?

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Important Rule: Condition must return
↓

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true or false .
Execute Loop Body

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↓

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Back To Condition

False ?
↓
Exit Loop

int i = 1;
while(i <= 10) {
[Link](i);
i++;
Example: Print 1 to 10 }

Execution Breakdown:
• Iteration 1: i=1 → 1 <= 10 (True) → Print 1 → i becomes 2.
• Iteration 2: i=2 → 2 <= 10 (True) → Print 2 → i becomes 3.
• Continues until...
• i=11 → 11 <= 10 (False) → Loop terminates.
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4️⃣ Infinite While Loop © coderMind
If the loop condition never becomes false , it runs forever. Warning! ⚠️

int i = 1;
Problem:
while(i <= 10) {
[Link](i); i never changes!
} Condition is always: true
Result: Infinite Loop (1, 1, 1, 1... Forever)
Why? Because i++; is missing.

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5️⃣ Reverse Printing Using While Loop

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Print: 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

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int i = 10;
while(i >= 1) {

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[Link](i);

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i--;

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}

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6️⃣ Using Increment Operator Inside Condition

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while(i++ < 10) {

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[Link](i);
}

Important Observation Trap! 🪤

Postfix increment (i++) executes after comparison.
This completely changes the output pattern.
Interview Point:
Always understand i++ vs ++i inside loop conditions!
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7️⃣ Do-While Loop © coderMind
A variation of While Loop. Executes first, checks later.

Syntax
Flow of Do-While
do { Execute Body
// code
} while(condition);
↓
Check Condition
↓
True ?

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↓

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Repeat

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False ?

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↓

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Exit Loop

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int i = 1;
do {

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[Link](i);

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i++;
Example: Print 1 to 10 } while(i <= 10);

8️⃣ Difference Between While and Do-While

V. IMP! ⭐
Suppose: int i = 11;

While Loop Do-While Loop

while(i <= 10) { do { [Link](i); }

[Link](i); } while(i <= 10);
Output: Nothing Output: 11
Condition fails immediately. Body executes first, then checks.

While: May execute 0 times

Do-While: Executes AT LEAST once!
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9️⃣ Real-World Use of Do-While © coderMind
Best Example: Menu Driven Programs

Why Do-While?
Example Menu:
Because the menu must appear at least
1. Play Game
once to the user.
2. Load Game
3. Exit

Flow:

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Show Menu → User Selects Option → Perform Action → Show Menu Again (until Exit
🎮

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selected).

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🔟 For Loop

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The most commonly used loop in Java.

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Syntax & Example

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for(initialization; condition; for(int i=1; i<=10; i++)
update) {

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{ [Link](i);

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// code }
}

1️⃣1️⃣ Anatomy of For Loop

A For Loop has three parts:

1. Initialization 2. Condition 3. Update

int i = 1; i <= 10; i++

Runs only once. Checked every iteration. Runs after each
iteration.

Init → Condition → True? → Execute Body → Update → Condition...

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1️⃣2️⃣ Reverse Counting Using For Loop © coderMind
for(int i=10; i>=1; i--) {
[Link](i);
}
Output: 10, 9, 8... 1

1️⃣3️⃣ Infinite For Loop

Example 1: Forever! ♾️
for(;;) {
[Link]("Hello");

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}

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Why? Because no condition exists to stop the loop.
This is a perfectly valid Java statement!

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Other Infinite Variations:

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for(int i=1; ; i++) { } for(; true; ) { }

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1️⃣4️⃣ Optional Parts of For Loop

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All three
Intervisections
ew! 🎤 (Init, Condition, Update) are optional .

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• for(;;) {} → Valid.
• for(int i=1;;) {} → Valid.
• for(;i<10;) {} → Valid.

Q: Which parts of For Loop are mandatory?

Answer: NONE! All are optional.
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1️⃣5️⃣ Multiple Variables in For Loop © coderMind
Java allows declaring and updating multiple variables simultaneously using comma
separation.

Example:
for(int i=1, j=1; i<=5; i++, j+=2) {
[Link](i*j);
}

Execution: Benefits

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• 1 × 1 = 1 Allows multiple counters simultaneously.

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• 2 × 3 = 6 Very useful in complex algorithmic

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• 3 × 5 = 15 problems!
• 4 × 7 = 28

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• 5 × 9 = 45

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1️⃣6️⃣ Multiple Conditions

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Possible using logical operators (like && or ||).

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for(int i=1, j=1; i<=10 && j<=5; i++, j+=2) { }

Loop continues ONLY when: i<=10 AND j<=5 are BOTH true.

1️⃣7️⃣ Boolean Controlled Loop

Condition can be any Boolean expression .
boolean flag = true;
for(int i=1; flag; i++) {
if(i==5) flag=false;
}

Loop stops when: flag becomes false.

Important Concept: Loop conditions are NOT limited to numbers!
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1️⃣8️⃣ Why We Usually Use "int" in Loops © coderMind
Possible integer data types: byte, short, int, long.
Most developers use: int

Reason: Type Promotion

Even if you write byte i = 1; or short i = 1;, Java internally promotes

calculations to int . 🤔
Therefore, defining the counter as int natively is standard and preferred.

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1️⃣9️⃣ Nested Loops

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A loop inside another loop.

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for(...) {
for(...) {

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// code

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}

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} Example: Star Pattern

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for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) { Working Principle:
for(int j=1; j<=5; j++) {

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Outer Loop (i): Controls Rows
[Link]("* ");

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} Inner Loop (j): Controls Columns
[Link](); Total Iterations = 5 × 5 = 25
}

Output:
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
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2️⃣0️⃣ Loop Comparison © coderMind

Feature While Do-While For

Condition First ✅ ❌ ✅
Executes At Least Once ❌ ✅ ❌
Best For Known Count ❌ ❌ ✅
Best For Menu Programs ❌ ✅ ❌
Most Common ⚠️ ❌ ✅

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🎯 Interview Questions
Q1. What is an Iteration Statement?

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Q2. Types of Loops in Java?

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Ans: A statement that repeatedly Ans: While, Do-While, For.

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executes a block of code.

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Q3. Difference Between While and Q4. Best loop for Menu Programs?

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Do-While? Ans: Do-While Loop.
Ans: While checks condition first (may
run 0 times). Do-while runs AT LEAST
once.

Q5. Can a For Loop Become Infinite?

Ans: Yes. for(;;) {}

Q&A Time! ⏳
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© coderMind
Q6. Which Parts of For Loop Are Q7. Multiple Variables in For Loop?
Optional? Ans: Yes, using comma separation.
Ans: ALL are optional (Init, Condition,
Update).

Q8. What is a Nested Loop? Q9. Why Is int Preferred in Loops?

Ans: A loop inside another loop. Ans: Java promotes smaller integer
types to int during calculations.

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Q10. Most Frequently Used Loop?

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Ans: For Loop.

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🚀 Lecture 8 Final Summary

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• ✅ While checks condition first.

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• ✅ Do-While executes at least once.

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• ✅ For Loop is the most commonly used loop.

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• ✅ Infinite loops occur when conditions never become false.

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• ✅ Nested Loops enable matrix and pattern problems.

💡 Memory Trick Flow

While Loop Do-While Loop For Loop
Check → Execute Execute → Check Init → Cond → Exec →
Update

Mastering loops is essential for arrays, strings, patterns, and DSA! 🚀

Lecture 8 Complete! 🎉