Senior

High 

School 










 

i
Practical Research 1 – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 9: The Ethical Standards and Presentation of Literature Review
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education, Division of Palawan

Schools Division Superintendent:
Natividad P. Bayubay, CESO VI
Assistant Schools Division Superintendents:
Loida P. Olavario, Ph.D.
Felix M. Famaran

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Nerissa Mae F. Dadores
Editors: Leo Andrew B. Diego, Josie Joshua Pasion
Illustrator: Christian Charles Lester Doblados
Management Team: Aurelia B. Marquez
Rodgie S. Demalinao
Rosalyn C. Gadiano

Printed in the Philippines, by ________________________

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region – Division of Palawan

Office Address: PEO Road, Barangay Bancao-Bancao, Puerto Princesa City

Telephone: (048) 433-6392
E-mail Address: palawan@[Link]
Website: [Link]

ii
  








iii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 1 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on Ethical Standards and Presentation of Literature Review!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

In view to the new normal world we are facing, this
module was created to answer that education
should not stop for our learners.
This Practical Research 1 Module for Quarter 1 is
all about the learning from others and reviewing
the literature. With this we are trying to allow our
learners to work independently in discovering
through simple and enjoyable activities/
experimentation that are aligned to the
competencies that they should learn.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

iv
For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 1 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on Ethical Standards and Presentation of Literature Review!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New
introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

v
 In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

vi
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the review of related literature. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Writing Coherent Review of Literature
• Lesson 2 – Following Ethical Standard in Writing Literature
• Lesson 3 – Presenting Written Review of Literature

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. write coherent review of literature;
2. follow ethical standard in writing literature; and
3. present written review of literature

What I Know

Let’s find out how much you already know about this module. After taking and
checking this short test, take note of the items that you were not able to answer
correctly and look for the right answer as you go through this module.

Directions: Read the following sentence carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following will help you improve your literature review?
a. Doing it alone so that you will not be confused.
b. Reading all the materials that you have found.
c. Using outline only when you have extra time.
d. Proofreading your work and asking feedback from experts.

2. Which of the following is CORRECT in presenting and organizing a literature

review?
a. A research follows unclear path of research building.
b. A review presented by publication in this manner would allow you to shift
from one time and to another without considering the date of publication.
c. You can present based on methodological approach used by the researcher.
d. None of these.

1
3. Which of the following statements is ethical in writing literature review?
a. Respect confidentiality and privacy.
b. Falsifying documents and changing data in the materials.
c. Copying and pasting someone else’s ideas in your research.
d. Making up data and information so that you can save time.

4. Which of the following situations shows ethical way of doing a literature review?
a. You are asked to summarize a chapter of Harry Potter. You copy its
summary in [Link] website and don’t cite your source.
b. You take quotation from a journal since it is needed in your literature review.
You use exact words and phrases from the journal without citing the source.
c. You take a passage from one of articles online for your laboratory work and
rephrase the ideas into your words.
d. You ran out of time in doing your research and forgot to put all your citation
in the bibliography.

5. Which of the following techniques must be done in order to avoid plagiarism?

a. Paraphrasing, Direct Quotations and Summarizing
b. Copying, Pasting and Claiming
c. Mimicking, Impersonating and Caricaturing
d. All of these

6. A set of standardized rules and regulation that serves as guide in conducting a

research and writing of literature review is called _____________.
a. Research Misconduct c. Unethical Standards
b. Ethical Standards d. Research Action

7. An act of claiming someone else idea, concepts, processes, results, phrases or

words is called ______________.
a. Falsification c. Production
b. Fabrication d. Plagiarism

8. Which of the following sequence is CORRECT in presenting and writing literature

review?
a. Final Draft, Edit, Edit Again, Rough Draft
b. Rough Draft, Final Draft, Edit, Edit Again
c. Edit, Edit Again, Rough Draft, Final Draft
d. Rough Draft, Edit, Edit Again, Final Draft

9. A piece of writing that is handed as a final form of literature review and

consisting a final work for the introduction, body and conclusion is called
_______________.
a. Rough Draft c. Final Output
b. Final Draft d. None of these

10. The following actions are prohibited in making literature review, EXCEPT
__________________________________________________________.
a. Focusing on secondary materials rather than primary ones.
b. Converging on findings rather than methodologies.
c. Materials does not clearly relevant to the research problem.
d. Critically accepting other researcher’s findings.

2
11. Conversely, on the other hand, nevertheless, a contrasting opinion, a different
approach, in the next example, etc. are used to link ideas in literature review.
This are called ________________.
a. Action verbs c. Transitional devices
b. Linking words d. Action devices

12. Which of the following statements describes an introduction of literature review?

a. Reinforces the research purpose or objectives and establishes the potential
significance or importance of your proposed research, relative to the
current state of knowledge.
b. Introduces the general topic and provides scholarly or societal context for
the review.
c. Draws together the significance of previous, individual studies by
highlighting the main themes, issues and knowledge gaps.
d. None of these.

13. Which of the following statement is CORRECT?

a. Organized and coherent literature review increases the enthusiasms of
people reading your work.
b. Transitional devices and action verbs make a literature review less
appealing and wordy.
c. The sections of literature review can only appear if needed.
d. Introduction is the most important part of literature review.

14. Which of the following statements describes a body of literature review?

a. Draws together the significance of previous, individual studies by
highlighting the main themes, issues and knowledge gaps.
b. Reinforces the research purpose or objectives and establishes the potential
significance or importance of your proposed research, relative to the current
state of knowledge.
c. Introduces the general topic and provides scholarly or societal context for
the review.
d. None of these.

15. Which of the following statements describes a conclusion of literature review?

a. Introduces the general topic and provides scholarly or societal context for
the review.
b. Draws together the significance of previous, individual studies by
highlighting the main themes, issues and knowledge gaps.
c. Reinforces the research purpose or objectives and establishes the potential
significance or importance of your proposed research, relative to the current
state of knowledge.
d. None of these.

3
 Lesson
Writing Coherent Review of
1 Literature
We are now living in the world bounded by research. As you learned in the
previous lessons, research is essential for every field. One vital part of it is review of
related literature. Learning how to select relevant literature can give you an overview
or act as a steppingstone in doing a research. This comprehensive knowledge of
selecting literature review is an essential skill that you need to be equipped with in
order to succeed in your research paper.

What’s In

Activity 1: Looking For Me!

Directions: There are 10 active verbs that may be used in doing a coherent literature
review, which may be hidden in any direction: horizontally, vertically, diagonally, and
forwards and backwards. List all the words found in the puzzle on the space provided.

Q W E R T Y U I C O P A D F A D F J H R K L
R D F G H J K L O M N B V X C S H J K E A K
E X A M I N E J N O D I S C U S S K L P S M
V W E T H K L M C A S D F G C J K E O O D J
I K J K L Y U C L A I M B N D I K L R R F H
E A S D F G H J U K L M N E X H I B I T H G
W A S E X P A N D A S D F G H J K L M N L F
A S D F G H J K E Z X C V B J U S T I F Y H

___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________

Good job my dear! You are now approaching a new lesson which requires you
to learn writing coherent literature review. One tip in writing it is using active verbs

4
and transitional devices. It appears organized, coherent and increases the
enthusiasms of people reading your work.

What’s New

Activity 2: Key Question

I am confident that you’ve acquired a lot of skills and knowledge from the
previous lessons. Let us test how good you are in preparing and writing a literature
review by answering the questions below:

Directions: Answer the question below. Write your answer on the space provided.

What do you think are the steps and process of how to write a coherent review of
related literature?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What is It

In the previous activities, you learned active verbs which are essential in
making your literature review appealing to the readers. Likewise, you were asked
about the steps and process to write a coherent literature review. This time, to form
an overall understanding of this concepts we will get started.

Take Note: An organized and unified literature review is a product of coherent

writing.

Using correct words to link ideas will make you organize your literature review.
You may use:

5
 Transitional Devices: Active Verbs:

Also, additionally, again, similarly, a Transfer, conclude, summarize,

similar opinion, however, conversely, on analyze, comprehend, justify, report,
the other hand, nevertheless, a relate, narrate, judge, show, discuss,
contrasting opinion, a different evaluate, assess, illustrate, edit,
approach, in the next example, in a elaborate, examine, investigate, dissect,
related study, most recent finding in the exhibit, define, criticize, identify, list,
study, despite this, etc. draw, emphasize, etc.

In writing a coherent literature review, there are sections to be considered:

Introduction Body Conclusion

➢ Often a single ➢ Present summaries - Provides a summary

paragraph that: of your sources. of statement of the
- Introduces the - Draw together the overall state of
general topic and significance of knowledge about the
provides scholarly previous, individual topic, including gaps
or societal studies by in knowledge and
context for the highlighting the understanding,
review. main themes, reconnecting to your
- Identifies the issues and introduction.
overall state of knowledge gaps. - Reinforces the
knowledge about - Include brief “so research purpose or
the topic what” sentences at objectives and
(conflicts in intermediate points establishes the
theory, in the review to potential significance
methodology, connect the literature or importance of your
evidence, and to the proposed proposed research,
conclusions; gaps research problem. relative to the current
in research). state of knowledge.

6
 What’s More

Activity 3: Use Me

Directions: List down ten (10) quotations or statements from the materials that you’ve
reviewed for your literature review. Try to use transitional devices and active verbs in
paraphrasing and summarizing it. Write it on the space provided.

Rubric in Rating the Task

Standard Understanding of the Tasks

5 Well paraphrased, quoted, and summarized materials. Proper use of

transitional devices and action verbs were demonstrated.

4 Offered sufficient paraphrased, quoted, and summarized materials.

Proper use of transitional devices and action verbs were demonstrated.

3 Showed minimal paraphrased, quoted, and summarized materials. The

use of transitional devices and action verbs are sometimes expressed.

2 Demonstrated little paraphrased, quoted, and summarized materials.

The use of transitional devices and action verbs are not clear.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

I am hoping that your eagerness to learn more has not changed a bit and you
are still up for another activity. Don’t worry you are still on track. Bless you my dear.

7
Activity 4: Follow Me

Since we already discussed the sections of literature review, it is time for you
to make your own. Don’t be stressed, let’s do it one at a time.

Directions:

1. Use your research problem in searching a material. Do you have any idea or read
a previous researches/studies related to your research problem? Look for research
article on an online library or library. A good place to start is an online data base
you may use [Link] .
2. After you have gone through with different articles on your topic ask yourself:
“what is missing/gaps? What do I like to address in the article/s I have looked
for?” Remember your research problem. This will be now included in your
introduction.
3. Synthesize the articles or show how they fit to partially support your research
problem. Elaborate and explain why those do not fully support your research
problem. This time it should be on your body.
4. Consider listing what further research needs to be finished to answer your
research problem and this will be included in your conclusion.
5. Do this in your activity sheet.

Rubric in rating the task:

Criteria Exemplary (5) Effective (4) Minimal (3)

Coherence Sections are Some sections Only one section is

well-organized are well- organized and
and unified to organized and coherent to the
the research blended to the research problem.
problem. research
problem.
Presence of sections All three were One section was Only one section is
of literature review present. missing. present

Citation Full citation is Only some of the Most of the

provided quotations are quotations are not
cited. cited.

8
 What I Have Learned

Think deeply and share us your thoughts about everything you have learned
in this lesson.

Activity 5: Road to Success

Directions: Complete the illustration below by filling the boxes below. Write what
things to be done in order to succeed in making a coherent literature review.

Insights:
SUCCESS!
_____________________
Insights:
_____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
________ _

What I Can Do

Activity 6: Mirror of Research

Direction: Make a reflection on the statement below, write it on the space provided.

Research and writing are both lifelong skills.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

9
 Assessment
A. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the following sentence carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. What section allows researchers to show significance of their research in other

fields?
a. Introduction b. Body c. Conclusion d. All of these

2. Identification of the overall state of knowledge about the topic should be found in
_______________.
a. Introduction b. Body c. Conclusion d. All of these

3. What section provides a summary of statement of the overall state of knowledge

about the topic?
a. Introduction b. Body c. Conclusion d. All of these

4. A section that draws together the significance of previous, individual studies by

highlighting the main themes, issues and knowledge gaps is called _____________.
a. Introduction b. Body c. Conclusion d. All of these

5. Investigate, dissect, exhibit, define, criticize, identify, list, draw, emphasize, etc.
etc. are used to write a coherent literature review. This are called ________________.
a. Action verbs c. Transitional devices
b. Linking words d. Action devices

6. When writing sections of literature review, what comes first?

a. Identifying your research problem. c. Review collected materials
b. Finding relevant materials. d. Write an outline

7. One of the most important aspects in writing coherent review is _______________.

a. Clarity c. Appeal
b. Organization d. None of these

8. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?

a. Organized and coherent literature review increases the enthusiasms of people
reading your work.
b. Transitional devices and action verbs links idea in literature review making it
more appealing to the readers.
c. The sections of literature review involves introduction, body and conclusion.
d. One section of literature can be removed in times.

9. A different approach, in the next example, in a related study, most recent finding
in the study, despite this, etc. are used in writing literature review and it is called
__________________.
a. Action verbs c. Transitional devices
b. Linking words d. Action devices

10
10. Which of the following statements BEST describe a coherent literature review?
a. Most of the quotations are not cited.
b. An organized and unified set of information in such way it shows relevant
material.
c. Does not fit within the context of the research
d. Reveal gaps irrelevant to the research problem.

B. Directions: Underline the transitional verbs used in the quotations below:

1. In addition, it was found out that motivation has its positive effect.
2. First, you need to write a research statement; then, you can start gathering
materials.
3. The study shows wearing face masks reduces chances of getting the virus;
furthermore, washing your hands is also recommended.
4. Later, it was recommended to wear face shield to protect ourselves from the
virus.
5. To conclude, literature review must be consisting of three sections.

Additional Activities

Activity 7: Examine Me

Directions: Below is an excerpt from literature review, examine what transitional

devices and action verbs were used in order to achieve making it. Write it on the space
provided.

Excerpt #1: Juric, Cornwell, and Mather (2002) developed an Ecotourism Interest Scale with a
focus on visitors’ activity interests. Although exploratory in nature, the scale is used to identify
tourists’ desire for eco-friendly activities (i.e. a measure of ecotourism interest) and to predict
their participation in selected tourist activities. By segmenting tourists based on their level of
interest, different travel products could be created based on the level of interest they reported;
as such, Juric, Cornwell, and Mather’s scale is product-oriented and potentially reflects a view
of, and orientation towards, ecotourism as a form of mass tourism (Weaver, 2001b) or simply
a business opportunity (McKercher, 2001). (Nowaczek & Smale, 2010, p. 48).

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

11
 Lesson
Following Ethical Standard in
2 Writing Literature

In writing the literature review, researchers must follow a set of ethical

standards or guidelines. Doing this ensure honesty, credibility, and integrity among
researchers. As you go along in this lesson you will be aware and apply these
standards.

What’s In
Activity 1: Yes or No

Let’s check your understanding about plagiarism which was already discussed
in the previous module.

Directions: Read the following sentences carefully and determine if the situation
constitutes plagiarism or not. Write YES or NO before the number.

_____ 1. You are asked to summarize a chapter of Harry Potter. You copy the summary
in [Link] website and don’t cite your source. Is this plagiarism?
_____ 2. You take quotation from a journal since it is needed in your literature review.
You use exact words and phrases from the journal without citing the source.
_____ 3. You find a website explaining the answers in your Practical Research 1
assignment. You copy exact answers and submit it as your assignment.
_____4. You take a passage from one of articles online for your laboratory work and
rephrase the ideas into your words.
_____ 5. You ran out of time in doing your research and forgot to put all your
citations in the bibliography. Is this plagiarism? ___Yes ___No

I hope you currently have a better understanding of plagiarism. If not, it is

okay. You still have this lesson to guide you.

12
 What’s New

Activity 2: Happy or Sad

Directions: Below are situations that you may encounter while doing your literature
review. State your feelings, happy or sad about it? Draw if you are happy and
if you are sad. Write your answer on the space provided before each item.

______1. Your friend contributes to your topic, but your group leader failed to
acknowledge your friend’s help.
______2. Maria failed to show honesty in her research since she used data which she
manipulated in her literature review.
______3. Juan copied tables, figures, images, and graphs in his literature review but
was unable to cite sources since he thinks its tedious to do.
______4. Pedro claimed to develop a theory in his literature review, but he just got the
idea in his readings.
______5. Jojo includes a study that runs contrary to his research problem.

How did you feel after doing this activity? Did you feel happy at all or not? Do
you now have a sense of what is right or wrong in doing a literature review? Let’s
see… Join me in learning the knowledge and skill in this new lesson!

What is It

In the previous activities, you are exposed with the term plagiarism and what
is right and wrong in doing a literature review. Such concepts are involved in the so
called “Ethical Standards”.

This is a set of standardized rules and regulation that serves as a guide in

conducting a research and writing of literature review. What is right and wrong is
defined as ethics.

Think of the following conduct, reflect if you are doing it or not.

1. You are fabricating data or results and recording written in your literature.
Then, you are doing “Fabrication”.
2. You are editing research equipment, materials, or changing ideas or removing
a result with inaccuracy. Then, you are “Falsifying Documents”.
3. You are claiming someone else idea, concepts, processes, results, phrases or
words. Then, you are doing “Plagiarism”.

13
 If you are doing the above-mentioned conduct, then I am strongly saying that you
should stop now. Those are research misconduct and it is unethical.

Here is the ethical way of doing a literature review:

1. Discuss intellectual property frankly.

2. Be conscious of multiple roles.
3. Follow informed consent rules.
4. Respect privacy and confidentiality.
5. Tap into ethics resources.

How can we avoid plagiarism?

✓ Paraphrasing - stating someone else’s ideas, theories, or processes in your

own words.
- Ensure to capture the main idea behind the literature. Don’t forget to cite
sources.
✓ Summarizing - providing the gist of the literature.
- Consider the WH’s questions in capturing the key concepts. Don’t forget
to cite sources.
Direct Quotations - adopting necessary text.
✓ - Use ellipsis points (…) to shorten a quote. Use it for impact in your
literature. Don’t forget to cite sources.
Source: [Link]

What’s More

Activity 3: Work It!

Directions: In the materials that you have already reviewed for your literature, try to
practice paraphrasing, summarizing, and direct quoting. Follow the template below.

“Doing It in an Ethical Way!”

Action From Sources Proudly My Work

Paraphrasing

14
 Summarizing

Direct
Quotation

Standard Understanding of the Tasks

5 Well paraphrased, quoted, and summarized materials. Proper use of
transitional devices and action verbs are demonstrated.
4 Offered sufficient paraphrased, quoted, and summarized materials.
Proper use of transitional devices and action verbs are demonstrated.
3 Showed minimal paraphrased, quoted, and summarized materials. The
use of transitional devices and action verbs are sometimes expressed.
2 Demonstrated little paraphrased, quoted, and summarized materials.
The use of transitional devices and action verbs are not clear.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Clean Hands

Directions: Fill in the illustration below, with your insights from today’s lesson. It is
entitled “Clean Hands” since it is basically about ethical standards that you should
apply in your research.

15
 What I Can Do

Activity 5: Beware

Directions: Make a slogan about research misconduct. Likewise, reflect on it. Aside
from research what other aspects in life can ethics be applied? Do this on the space
provided.

Criteria Exemplary (5) Effective (4) Minimal (3)

Craftsmanship Exceptionally Attractive, Organized and

attractive in terms organized and neat neat but not
of neatness and attractive. There
organization. are some
erasures.
Creativity Exceptionally Shows creativeness A bit creative
creative
Originality Exceptional usage Use new ideas but Ideas are seen
of new ideas not all before.
Grammar There are no There are some There are lot of
grammatical grammatical grammatical
mistakes. errors. errors.

16
 Assessment

A. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer.

1. Why are ethical standards significant in researchers?

a. It allows researchers ought to do and avoid charges.
b. It makes researchers competent enough to replicate research.
c. It gives researchers power to submit and comply their requirements.
d. None of these

2. Which of the following situations shows UNETHICAL way of doing a literature

review?
a. Pedro claimed to develop a theory in his literature review, but he just got the idea
in his readings.
b. Andrea cited authors in her book review.
c. Mark paraphrased ideas from an article he needs in his stud.
d. None of these

3. Which of the following techniques must be AVOIDED in making literature review?

a. Paraphrasing, Direct Quotations, and Summarizing
b. Copying, Pasting, and Claiming
c. Mimicking, Impersonating, and Caricaturing.
d. All of these

4. An act of editing research equipment, materials, or changing ideas or removing a

result with inaccuracy is called ______________.
a. Falsification b. Fabrication c. Production d. Plagiarism
5. An act of making up data or results and recording written in your literature is
called ______________.
a. Falsification b. Fabrication c. Production d. Plagiarism

B. Modified True or False

Directions: Write “TRUE” if the statement is correct; otherwise, replace the underlined
word/s to make the statement correct. Write your answer on the space provided

___________1. Direct quotations is stating someone else’s ideas, theories, or

processes in your own words.
___________2. Summarizing is providing the gist of the literature.
___________3. Paraphrasing is used in adopting necessary text.
___________4. Fabrication is making up data or results and recording written
in your literature.

17
___________5. Plagiarism is editing research equipment, materials, or changing
ideas or removing a result with inaccuracy.
___________6. Falsification is claiming someone else idea, concepts, processes,
results, phrases or words.
___________7. Ethical standards is a set of standardized rules and regulation
that serves as a guide in conducting a research and writing of
literature review.
___________8. Summarizing involves the WH’s questions in capturing the key
concepts.
___________9. Respect privacy and confidentiality is unethical in making
literature review.
___________10. Following informed consent rules is an ethical standard in
research.

Additional Activities

Activity 6: More to Think of!

Directions: Reflect on the popular saying “Honesty is the Best Policy”. In what ways
can you apply this in creating your literature review?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

18
 Lesson
Presenting Written Review of
3 Literature

Finally, you are now at the last lesson of this module. This time you will learn
how to present the written review of literature. It is significant to know what
considerations must you take in order to present your literature review credible and
reliable. In the end, readers must look for focused, concise, logical, developed,
integrative, and current literature review.

What’s In

Activity 1: Describe Me

Directions: Based on our previous lessons, describe the sections of literature review.
Complete the diagram below by writing your answer inside the box.

Introduction Body Conclusion

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________ _____________________

What’s New

Activity 2: Choose Me

Directions: Picture out your final literature review. What characteristics does it
possess? Here are some adjectives that might help you in describing your literature

19
review. Choose at least five. Explain why you decided to describe your literature using
those adjectives. Write your answer on the space provided.

Broad Clear Organized Integrative

Limited Focused Current Logical
Irrelevant Thematic Concise Relevant

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What is It

As you’ve learned previously, there are sections of literature review namely

introduction, body and conclusion. But, how can we develop an organized and a well-
presented literature review?

There are ways to present and organize a literature review:

Chronology of By Publication Thematic Methodological

Events
•You can present •You can present
your materials by •You can present •You can present
your materials your materials
according to publication to based on
demonstrate a around the topic methodological
when they are or issue rather
published. vital trend. approach used
than progression by the reseacher.
•When a research •This is a great of time.
follows clear path presentation •This may
when showing a • A review influence either
of research presented in this
building then progress of a the type of
signifacant manner would materials in the
this is a possible shift between
presentation. concept, event, review or the way
idea, or time periods documents are
phenomena. within each pesented.
section according
to point made.

Source: McCombes, Shona 2019, How to write a literature review retrieved at [Link]

20
 Common Mistakes to Avoid

1. Hurrying, you might miss something that is vital in improving your study.
2. Focusing on secondary materials rather than primary ones.
3. Converging on findings rather than methodologies.
4. Resources are not relevant to the research problem.
5. Uncritically accepts another researcher’s findings.
Source: McCombes, Shona 2019, How to write a literature review retrieved at [Link]

Presenting and the Writing Process

1. Rough Draft-this involves a strategy on how you are going to present and write
your literature review. By this time, you have already a synthesis or an outline.
This will help you organize your literature review. Finally, you should write your
literature review’s introduction, body and conclusion
2. Final Draft-this refers to a piece of writing that is handed as a final form of
literature review. Consisting a final work for the introduction, body and
conclusion.
3. Edit-this involves the process of proofreading. You may also ask for feedback on
your draft allowing you to create a better paper and become a stronger researcher
and writer.
4. Edit Again-this involves editing and revising of paper free from grammatical
errors, relevancy, language, and other technical aspects.
Source: McCombes, Shona 2019, How to write a literature review retrieved at
[Link]

What’s More
Activity 3: This is the Moment!

Directions: Last time, you were asked to make a sample of an introduction, body and
conclusion. Now, this is the time for you to formulate your rough draft. Make sure to
consider the tips and strategies you’ve learned throughout this module. Do this in
your activity notebook. Have fun and take your time. Don’t rush.

21
Literature Review Rough Draft Rubric

Exemplary (10) Competent (8) Developing (6)

Introduction • Background information • Background • Background

is engaging and leads to information is at information is not
a clear purpose times unclear or clearly articulated
statement. uninteresting. • Relevance to research
• Relevance to research • Relevance to problem is unclear.
problem is articulated research problem • Research question or
well. could be more clearly purpose statement is
• Research question or articulated. unidentifiable.
purpose statement is • Research question or • Main discussion
clear and concise. purpose statement points are not
• Two or three main could be stated more identified in the
discussion points of the clearly and concisely. purpose statement.
literature review are
clearly identified in the
purpose statement.
Body • Thorough comparison • Comparison and • Comparison and
and contrast of findings contrast of findings contrast of findings
are provided and relate are provided but are lacking.
to the main discussion lack thoroughness. • Discussion of
points in the order of • Discussion of findings does not
their appearance in the findings could relate relate well to the
purpose statement. better to the main main discussion
• Focus is on research discussion points in points in the purpose
findings rather than the purpose statement.
research methods. statement. • Study limitations are
• Study limitations that • Study limitations not mentioned.
might have led to are discussed, but • Gaps (what is
different findings are possible connections unknown and needs
discussed. to differences in to be researched) and
• Gaps and controversies findings are not controversies that
that exist in the clearly identified. exist in the literature
literature are clearly • Gaps and are not discussed.
discussed. controversies in the
literature are
discussed, but
clarity could be
enhanced.
Conclusion • A summary of the main • A summary of the • A summary of the
points is clearly main points is main points is not
articulated. presented, but clearly presented.
• Implications for clarity could be • Implications for
research problem are enhanced research problem are
logical, relevant, and • Implications for absent, illogical,
clear. research problem irrelevant, or unclear.
are included but
lack logic, relevance,
or clarity.
Citations • Citations are formatted • One to three citation • Multiple citation
correctly. errors are noted. errors are noted.
• Each citation has a • Each citation has a • One or more citation
matching reference. matching reference. does not have a
matching reference.

22
 Paragraphs • Each paragraph begins • Most paragraphs • Many paragraphs
with a clearly begin with a clearly lack clearly
identifiable topic identifiable topic identifiable topic
sentence. sentence. sentences.
• The content of each • Some paragraphs • Many paragraphs
paragraph is closely include more than contain multiple
associated with its topic one topic topics and are
sentence • Transitions between difficult to follow
• Transitions between paragraphs are • Transitions between
paragraphs are smooth. sometimes rough. paragraphs are
rough.
Logical flow • The reader is guided • The overall • The arrangement of
of ideas smoothly through the arrangement is content is haphazard
logically arranged paper. logical but is and difficult to follow.
occasionally difficult
to follow.

Go for the goal. You are almost at the finish line!

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: DIY Certificate

Directions: Complete the certificate below and be honest in completing the task.

23
 What I Can Do

Activity 5: May I Know Your Thoughts?

Directions: Share your thoughts about the quotation below. How does it relate in
making your literature review? Write your thoughts on the space provided.

“Great things happen to those who never stop believing, trying, learning, and
being grateful.” Bennett, Roy T.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following can help you present your literature review?
a. Based on theme, methods and facts.
b. Based on theme, methods, order of events and publications.
c. Based on facts, date of review, themes and methods.
d. None of these

2. Which of the following is INCORRECT in presenting and organizing a literature

review?
a. A research follows unclear path of research building then this is a possible
presentation.
b. A review presented by publication in this manner would allow you to shift from one
time and to another considering the date of publication.
c. You can present based on thematic approach used by the researcher.
d. None of these.

24
3. The following can help you improve your literature review, EXCEPT
_________________________________________.
a. Doing it alone so that you will not be confused
b. Finding the main idea in the materials that you have found.
c. Using outline in organizing and synthesizing your literature review.
d. Proofreading your work and asking feedback from experts.

4. A process that involves writing of literature review’s introduction, body and

conclusion is called _____________.
a. Rough Draft b. Final Draft c. Final Output d. None of these

5. A process that involves proofreading and asking for feedback on your draft is called
_____________.
a. Rough Draft b. Final Draft c. Final Output d. Editing

6. A process that involves editing and revising of paper free from grammatical errors,
relevancy, language, and other technical aspects is called _____________.
a. Rough Draft b. Final Draft c. Editing Again d. Editing

7. A type of presenting your materials around the topic or issue rather than
progression of time is called _____________.
a. Chronology of Events c. By Publication
b. Thematic d. Methodological

8. A type of presenting your materials according to when they are published is called
_____________.
a. Chronology of Events c. By Publication
b. Thematic d. Methodological

9. A type of presenting your materials demonstrating a vital trend is called

_____________.
a. Chronology of Events c. By Publication
b. Thematic d. Methodological

10. Which of following actions are prohibited in making literature review?

a. Focusing on secondary materials rather than primary ones.
b. Presenting by publication in this manner would allow you to shift from one
time and to another considering the date of publication.
c. Presenting based on thematic approach used by the researcher.
d. None of these.
11. Which of the following are the sections of literature review?
a. Introduction, Body and Conclusion c. Recommendations, Data, Body
b. Problem, Methods and Rationale d. Body, Abstract, Discussion

For items 12-15, arrange the presenting and writing process below by simply
putting numbers 1 to 4.
12. Rough Draft 14. Final Draft
13. Edit 15. Edit Again

25
 Additional Activities

Activity 6: For the Last Time

Directions: In Activity 3 of this lesson you were asked to make the rough draft of your
literature review. Try to make a proofreading of your output. List down
the mistakes that you’ve done. Write those on the space provided.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

26
 Answer Key

Lesson 1
10. D JUSTIFY 10. B
9. B EXHIBIT 9. C
8. B REPORT 8. D
7. D ASSERT 7. A
6. B DISCUSS 6. A
15. B 5. A CLAIM To conclude 15. 5. A
14. B 4. C CONCLUDE based on Later 14. 4. B
13. A 3. A EXPAND although, furthermore 13. 3. C
12. B 2. C EXAMINE Developed, First/then 12. 2. A
11. C 1. D REVIEW Excerpt #1 In addition 11. 1. C
I Know What Activities Assessment
What’s In Additional

Lesson 2

Assessment
Yes 5.
No 4. 1. A
Yes 3. 2. A
Yes 2. 3. B
Yes 1. 4. A
In What’s 5. B

☹ 5. Modified True or False

☹ 4.
1. Paraphrasing 6. Plagiarism
2. TRUE 7. TRUE
☹ 3.
☹ 2. 3. Direct Quotations 8. TRUE
☹ 1. 4. TRUE 9. Ethical
New What’s 5. Falsification 10. TRUE

Lesson 3

What’s In 10. A
9. A
Introduction 8. C
-Introduces the general topic 7. B
-Provides scholarly or societal context for the review. 6. C
Body 4 15. 5. D
- Presents summaries of your sources. 2 14. 4. A
-Highlights the main themes, issues and knowledge gaps. 3 13. 3. A
Conclusion 1 12. 2. A
-Establishes the potential significance or importance of your A 11. 1. B
proposed research, relative to the current state of Assessment
knowledge.

27
References
Adam, L. (2011). Higher education students’ perceptions of plagiarism. Unpublished
dissertation, University of Otago

Bond, Acheson (2017) for the Student Learning Development at the University of
Otago

Nowaczek, A., & Smale, B. (2010). Exploring the predisposition of travelers to qualify
as ecotourists: The Ecotourist Predisposition Scale. Journal of Ecotourism,
9:1, 45-61.

Padlla, F. n.d, 8 Process of How to Write a Coherent Review of Related Literature

retrieved from: [Link]

[Link]

[Link]

Gooding, B. 2018, What is rough draft retrieved at [Link]

McCombes, Shona 2019, How to write a literature review retrieved at [Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

28
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO Palawan

Curriculum Implementation Division Office

2nd Floor Deped Palawan Building
Telephone no. (048) 433-3292

Learning Resources Management Section

LRMS Building, PEO Compound
Telephone No. (048) 434-0099

29