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kamaljotathwal97Chapter: Motion (Class 9 Science) – Notes in Question–Answer Form
1. What is motion?
Motion is the change in the position of an object with time relative to a reference point. A car moving on a road, a flying bird, and
a rotating fan are common examples of objects in motion.
2. What is meant by distance?
Distance is the total length of the path travelled by an object during its motion. It is a scalar quantity and is always positive. The SI
unit of distance is meter (m).
3. What is displacement?
Displacement is the shortest straight-line distance between the initial and final positions of an object. It is a vector quantity
because it has both magnitude and direction. Its SI unit is meter.
4. Differentiate between distance and displacement.
Distance is the actual path covered by an object, whereas displacement is the shortest distance between two positions. Distance is
a scalar quantity, while displacement is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction.
5. What is speed?
Speed is the distance travelled by an object per unit time. It indicates how fast an object is moving. Speed is a scalar quantity and
is measured in meters per second (m/s).
6. What is velocity?
Velocity is the displacement covered by an object per unit time in a particular direction. It is a vector quantity because it includes
both magnitude and direction. The SI unit of velocity is m/s.
7. What is acceleration?
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time. An object accelerates when its speed or direction changes. Positive
acceleration increases velocity, while negative acceleration decreases it and is called retardation.
8. What is uniform motion?
An object is said to be in uniform motion when it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time. Its speed remains constant
throughout the journey. A train moving steadily on a straight track is an example.
9. What is non-uniform motion?
Non-uniform motion occurs when an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time or changes its speed. Most
vehicles moving through city traffic exhibit non-uniform motion due to frequent speed changes.
10. What is a distance–time graph?
A distance–time graph shows the relationship between distance travelled and time taken. A straight line indicates uniform
motion, while a curved line represents non-uniform motion. It helps in studying an object's movement easily.
11. What is a velocity–time graph?
A velocity–time graph represents the variation of velocity with time. A horizontal line shows constant velocity, while a sloping line
indicates acceleration or retardation. The graph helps in analyzing motion accurately.
12. State the first equation of motion.
The first equation of motion relates final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration, and time. It is used for uniformly accelerated
motion and is expressed as: v = u + at, where the symbols have their usual meanings.
13. State the second equation of motion.
The second equation of motion helps calculate displacement covered during uniformly accelerated motion. It is expressed as: s =
ut + ½at². This equation relates displacement, initial velocity, acceleration, and time.
14. State the third equation of motion.
The third equation of motion establishes a relationship between velocity, acceleration, and displacement without involving time.
It is written as: v² = u² + 2as and is useful in solving numerical problems.
15. Why are equations of motion important?
Equations of motion help determine unknown quantities such as velocity, displacement, acceleration, and time. They are widely
used in physics, engineering, transportation, and scientific research to analyze the motion of objects accurately.