COMMON FACTOR (HCF)

-dary 2 TEST

arefactorisation
Notes
Express
-
① Look for common factors

defi n i t i o n
.

*
② Take the number with
the

⑪ RATIONAL NumBERS
. smallest power
mers that be expressed can
as S
LOWEST Common MULTIPLE
(LCM)
fractions -

=I ① Look for common factors

5
.

i e
. . 2 =

2 ,
0 5 .
=

,
0 .

with the
& Take the number
& IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
best power
.

numbers that cannot be expressed with the

③ Multiply together
-

them
as fractions al uncommon
numbers .

other
i e .
. 12 I
,
. . . .

64
and LCM of 36 and
,

E g Find
·

HCF
③ NUMBERS ..

36 22x32
divided only
=

numbers that can be

26
-

64
SIGNIFICANT
=

by itself and
b
1 .

FIGURES Thus HCF

=

2 = 4
2 3 5 , 7 ....
,

i 2 --

20 x 32 576
. .
, ,

LCM
significant
= =

non-zero digits are

④ INTEGERS zeroes in between
significant figures
*

i e 5 003
=

4
whole numbers significant
. . .

not
-

are
* zeroes in front of decimals
significant figures
i e .-1
. 0 2 ,
. . . .
,
0 00305= 3
.

i e
,

significant
.
. .
.

is
* zeroes behind decimal point
i. e 4 000
=

4 significant figures not be

may
.

or
..

numbers may -

zeroes behind in whole

significant .

1/2/3 significant figures

.

200
=

i .
e .
 W must be in the same units
PAPROPORTION

· properties
cannot be in fraction nor decimals If
yis directly proportional tos ,
then

N *
SCALE kx
y
=

map
scales SE
PROPORTION
both units are in cm) ↑
the e
If
yis toce ,
AREA SCALE

Fin - in proportional
L
to C
Given y directly proportional
i e that is
(a) Given that 2cm represents 5km
. .

E g
. 2 find an equation
,

when
.

and y 12
=

find the scale in the form 1 : m

,
.

M : A connecting yandx .

kx2
- -

2cm 5 km
Step 1 Form equation y
=
: :
=
>

M
1cm :

2 5km
.
Step 2
:

Find constant value ,

k .
= 12 = k(24
:. k 3
250000cm
=

1 cm :

Step 3 : substitute K into equation = y 3x

*

#
. =

1 : 250000#

(b) If the area on the map is 5cm , find

the actual area in km2
, ·
distance =

speed x time

AA ·
speed = distance
(map scale)
-

time
1cm : 2 5km
.

distance
time=-
5km
·

(1cm)2 (2
:

speed
1cm2 :

6 25km2 Carea scale)

SPEED
.

· AVERAGE
5cm2 : 31 25km
A
.

=total distance taken

-

total time taken .

E Given that SGD$1= Us $1 30 , · PROFIT
.
g

monigetes
. .

omLosS
deal
find how much Aaron will get gain
money from the
-

if he wants to exchange
US $100 ·

selling
price price -
cost

SGD$1 Loss

PROF
us $1 . 30
->

SGD$ (b) -lose money from the deal .

$10U ->

Iatt
US
price selling price
Es
-

-
=

$76 .

92#
S

IN
C

-
FAXATION TERESTBS
*
DME
TAX

I
Annual Gross
ble=
100

totries
-
Income
-

Camt of $$I principal

loan/invest)
i where P =

↑ Strate
years)
-

(units must be in
Eg
.
RE T =
time

PURCHASE
.

in a year gets He wife relief

Alan earns $36 000 E
.

, .

G .

and NSrelief of $200

--

TV set on hire purchase

.

of $1000 , child relief of $500 each bought

.

Dan a

RVICE The TV costs $3500

. He paid a downpayment
He has three children
. Calculate the amount of taxhe of 10 % and paid the balance over a period
of 2 % annum
CHARGE 2 years at a rate per
.

of
has instalment

iFree
to

ncome par i
pay
.

- Calculate his monthly

, calculated
,

Income * GST is always -

SOLUTION
-

90% of $3500 $3150

after service charge
=

⑧ Balance =

0
First $20000 -
Interest $2X2 $126
to the bill
=
- =

added
.

100
is
~M
Total he has to pay
=
$3150 + $126
LOOK 350 $3276

⑧
09 =

instalments=$t
*

$200)
: monthly
($1000 $1500
+

$36
+

Income , 000 -

Chargeable
=

$33300

First$300U Tax toPaY = $2,8 of $3

e

Tota tax = $200

+

$115 50
.

=
$315 . 50
e T
In
runtant ter
In
first term

Egt .
⑧
at In e
-
constant
difference

Find the nth term of

Al 3 9 , 15 , 21 . . .
.
,
,

V ~v
+6 6
+

6 +

:
Tn =

3 + (n
-
1)(6)
3 6n 6
=

+ -

64 3 #
=>

Ea the nth term of

12 9 , 6 , 3 , 0 ,
,
....

-33
:
Tn =
12 +
(n 1)
-
-
37

12-3n+ 3
=

15- 34
#
 "IOW"
METHOD & ab = axb

· Stone
-
A ② 1 =b
①
Esansion
a
a(b Id) ab1 ad
=

=
b

A ③ & =

dxd
②
(attetd : d =

-
dxdx ... ..
xd

=
actadtbc +ad n
-
times

④
Ab =

&I
⑪ out
common factors

Factorise 2xy+
I
by 2. FACTORISATION
· Eg
⑤
ab =

qxb or
axd

solution
,
simplify ,
by 2 2y(x 3y)# tz
+

2xy
+
=

are any
*
always check whether there
② grouping expressions that can be factorised
.

Factorise (a) xdtyctictyd .

If first
yes factorise
.

-
,

Gete
-

(b) 2xtax-2y-9y
I Find common denominator
.

solution
together
2 c
common terms
.

(a)(xd x) +
+

(yc+yd) * grouping

-
factors from each group

L
common
+2ab+ b2
out
x(d +c) y(c+d) * taking ① (atb)
- +

= a
(dtc)(x+y) #
a - 2ab+b 3(x 13
=

②(a b)
*
4(x +27
-
= +

(2y + ay)
-

(b) (2x ax)

+
-
2)
-

(x 1)(xI
-

③ (a b)(a b)
-

=x(2 a) a) 2-
+

y[z
+

a
=
- +
-

3x 3
=(2 a)(x y) 4x+ 8
+ -

frame
+ - =

3 By cross-factorisation
O implication -
-
(x 1)(x 2)
-
-

-
Factorise (2-5x+6 =

-
7x =
2)
altion (x 1)(x *
-
-

+RAME

STAYRSATION : ee e
 - wow
g Solve
5
LINEAR
-

e sty
=

t
. .

ene rea
13
-

2xct 3y

/ i
=

3x-5= 7
.

eg Solve

S
.

sation
-

Attion3x-5= 7
BY SUBSTITUTION
LIMINATION 5
San
-
3x -
5 +
5 = x +

-
!

x +

y
= 5 -

FI x +

y =
5
3x
=
12
2 =
4
13 2
5

QUADRATIC
2x
3y 3y
+ -

Sz
2x 13
=
+
=

1 x =

Make variable to o

Make
one
L one variable to
be the subject e
be the same 5x =
2x
+
42

using any of the equations

1
O
.

over
of formula I 40
.

& EqnS Sx 2x 2x -
2x +

2 10
Equi x2
- -

2xc y
= =
+

From - 33 40

⑳
3
=

⑲ ⑭3 5-y
1 135#
, x =

x =

3A
=
-

y
=

⑲ E
substitute 3 into 2
found
I
step
2
substitute the value
into any of the equations 2(5 -

y) 3y
+
= 13 & -factorisation nication frame
to find the other value 13 Solve -x-6= 0
10-2y 3y g
·

e
=
+
. .

3 ineul mont
equal
sub 13
y= 10 y + =

3 5 or RIS is ERO
13-10 * ensure that LAS
to
=

x +

10
·

10 y
=
- +

x
2#
=

3 x x b 0
y
any
- -
= =

Lates
found into
(x 3)(x 2) 0
substitute value
=
+
-

value ·

equations to find the other .. x-3= 0 OR x

+
2 = 0

suby= 3 in3
-

x 3 OR < =
-2A

⑲
=

:x =

2#

-
-

like it represents
*

treat the inequalities

the equal signs
divided/multiply
*
you "flipped" the sign when

by a negative value .

eg . Solve-3xI6
-

I solution
-

I
x< -2
DGRAPIENt (m O

-Ewi s pute
e
ordinate
A

· !
eg .

-m 2 C
=

=
3
2
:

<x
equation
= y = 3x 2
+

.
G Varyi
RAD
n g
cometry

n &

⑭Listen
From left to
right ,
the line slopes
-
upwards .

NEGATIVE GRADIENT (m<O)

-

#
eg .

..
equation
y
*
y-intercept
gradient (the point in which

a
1
-y 2x
-

W
-

the line cuts the

=

en y-axis)
From left to
right , the line downwards .

&

ZERO GRADIENT (m 0)=

- c =
5
=

=>
equation
y
=
5

The line is horizontal and

-
m-toc-axis .

wep
GRADIE e m

C
=

=
undefined
0
..

=>
equation
12
=
8

The line is vertical and to

y-axis
 APHS
l GRA

11
-④ y ax + bx +c
....

⑱~
=

=> QUADRATI
=
a C
bit
+
c
N
9 a <O
y
eg .

-
.

min inte
passes through a
 ...angle that has 3 or more
plane figure

- ~
exterior E
/

mus
straight edges

finition
------
$
I III
-
1) exterior ,

* interior *
angle
angle de - REGULAR POLYGON
-

* all sides are equal in length

① interior
+

exterior 180° are equal

each interior angles
=

of interior angles of n-sided

H -
equal
② Total m each exterior angle
are
types
*

of
-

(x180° -
polygons no Of
NAME
③ Each INTERIOR n-sided rayar
angle of sides

1800
-

3 Triangle
Quadrilateral
⑧
4
of n-sided Pentagon
④ Total sum of ERIOR angles 5

-360 =
6 Hexagon

7 Heptagon
③ Each Exterior angle
of n-sided regular
-
⑧ Octagon

I3608
I 9 Nonagon
10 Decagon
 en *
RATIOS
ACUTE
ES
-
opposite)
Glength angle
-7
Hypotenuse
Clength opposite

Of
right angle)

given Adjacent
which the right angle
Clength in

Beside
⑲
thegi venange
A COSO= adjacent
- (CAH]

A
hypotenuse

NN
+ant= opposite CTOA)

are
-

adjacent
PYTHAGORAS' THEOREM
* to find value of angle (8) ,

used
right-angled triangles .

just need to & = sin-

-used to calculate length ⑳ t = cos-
③ E =
tan-'

A
C
!c) =

I
D
PLANe FIGURES
e
⑭
gr ⑧

⑰
 ⑳
· definition
properties
g
N
detition
res N

e
 * of an
PCE) probability
en
=

-
defi event
happening

#ofI
for event
possible outcomes
-

Total number of outcomes

Merties event to
W i timpossible

I
happen

·
P(E) 1 -> event win definitely
1 to 6
die numbered from
=

e Given that we roll a

,
.

9 .

happen
.

find the probability of getting

(i) a number 3 ,

(ii) prime number

.

MTION
(i)
P(getting a
'3 =

-
prime
no.) B IA
= =

(ii) P(getting a
 SursO*-
of
mean-sum
ene
L
MEAN S a
CENTRAL
Es
-
,

eg
Os -

3, 5 , 7
Mean
=

25 + 7
4
=

e
- 2 ,

first
Find mid-class value
.

g
*
.

FREQ MID-CLASS 1(5) +

3(15) 25
CLASS

mode/modal
=

-=
.

Mean=
5 15
+

< <2 5 I
0 -

15 3
2 =x <4

o simply the
value with the highest frequency

⑱ the most
often .

value that occurs

Ess e G

&
e 9
.
-

. -

; tem leaf
0002
345557
median 3 , 2

the middle value A data key 110 10

=

- .

mode
:

: 2=
x<4#
& mode= 15 median
of values (n) /X
Step 4 Find the total no
-
.

1
5th position
-

median position = 10

position [ ** position] Position #

= .

2
(between 10th < 11th)
Step & Find the middle 6th
.

: =

median
Elass=21x<4X
:

value/class
:median
Step 8
25 #
State the median
=